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Articles on World Poverty, 2005.
Critique of two articles on world poverty "The Singer Solution to World Poverty" by Peter Singer and "Live Free and Starve" by Chitra Divakaruni.
1,574 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 83.95
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Abstract
Peter Singer and Chitra Divakaruni each offer a powerful commentary on world poverty. Both of their respective essays, "The Singer Solution to World Poverty" and "Live Free and Starve" demonstrate good writing skills and rhetoric are therefore worthy pieces for inclusion into any book club. This paper however explains that of the two authors, only Divakaruni has first-hand experience of poverty. Singer's argument, while more shocking and powerful than Divakaruni's, falls short because of his lack of personal credibility and his over-reliance on making the reader feel guilty.
From the Paper
"According to Australian author Peter Singer, we live in a cold and heartless world. The analogies in his essay "The Singer Solution to World Poverty" bluntly suggest that we in the Western world are guilty of crimes against humanity simply by not donating $200 or more each month to charitable organizations. His first story is based on a Brazilian movie called Central Station. The protagonist in the film was offered a thousand dollars to usher a child to his killer. When Dora discovers what she has done, she resolves to make amends. However, Singer twists the tale around to make it seem as if we, the readers of his essay, are guilty of a crime. Like Dora, however, we readers are not guilty of the crimes Singer is accusing us of. Furthermore, Singer offers us no ethos in his argument. His "solution to world poverty" is based purely on opinion and intellectual babble, not on experience."
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World Poverty, 2005.
A paper looking at possible solutions to world poverty.
897 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines some possible causes as well as solutions to the poverty that exists in the world today. The paper suggests that, when considering both the causes of and the solutions to poverty, we must recognize that household composition, education, and discrimination are all relative aspects of the problem.
From the Paper
"The most obvious reason why people are living in poverty is due to the fact that they are not earning enough income. Not working, or not working enough are two compelling explanations as to why poverty exists. Common sense tells us that two parent households produce substantially higher incomes than single parent households, because two people are contributing to the family not just one. The size of family and family composition also play a crucial role in the outcome of a family's economic status (Magnum, 57). More children mean more mouths to feed, more backs to clothe, and more medical costs. The correlations between size of family and income can be viewed in the basic statistics that show that Hispanics, African Americans, and other minority groups not only have more children than Whites, but they also have much higher poverty rates. A single mother, who in most cases is living on some form of public assistance, usually runs single parent households. Single mother households are products of more and more marriages out of wedlock. A possible solution to both family size and unplanned pregnancies is the promotion of sex awareness, via mandatory sex education classes and use of contraceptives beginning early in adolescence and continuing through high school."
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World Poverty and Poverty in the USA, 2007.
An explanation of poverty experienced in the USA and in the developing countries.
1,319 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the global issue of poverty as well as the poverty that exists today in the USA. The author describes the different lives that the poor in America have compared to those struggling to survive in developing countries. He provides some of the causes that lead to abject poverty and concludes that if we cure the world of poverty, we will cure the world of hunger, thirst, illiteracy, and disease.
From the Paper
"When Americans think of poverty, many of them tend to think of people living on the street and begging for money in our nation's biggest cities. Many are naive to the fact that almost one billion people are living in "absolute poverty." Absolute poverty, as described by Robert McNamara, are "those living, literally, on the margin of life. Their lives are so characterized by malnutrition, illiteracy, and disease as to be beneath any reasonable definition of human dignity" (23). The main reason for McNamara's definition is to help Westerners understand that poverty is a lot different to us than it is in the developing world.
"The poor in New York City may be living under a bridge or sleeping on a park bench, but they rarely have to worry about how they are going to eat since the United States offers programs to aid the poor, such as homeless shelters, soup kitchens, and food stamps. In the developing world, it is a different story. Millions of children receive insufficient amounts of food, especially protein, which thereby causes their brains to remain undeveloped and leads to a higher chance of less-productive lives. Millions of these children die each year before the age of five due to malnutrition and diseases associated with malnutrition (23)."
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Poverty and the World Bank, 2002.
A paper which studies the problem of poverty in the world and questions the World Bank's policies to educate the poor.
2,995 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the efficacy of the World Bank?s educational policies as perceived through various literature that has been devoted to the subject recently. It determines whether the World Bank is truly addressing the root of the problem of poverty by investing so many millions of dollars yearly on educating the poor. This paper utilizes, primarily, two articles that deal specifically with the efficacy of the World Bank?s education programs: ?The Impact of Education on Economic Growth? by Francisco Rivera-Batiz and ?The World Bank?s Mission Creep? by Jessica Einborn. In addition, the paper uses several New York Times articles that question the World Bank?s role in alleviating poverty.
From the Paper
"The result was apparent in India during the 1970s and early 1980s. India spent a large part of its government and private resources on educating its work force. The result was perhaps the most technologically literate and advanced workforce in the world -- at least among India?s middle-classes and upper-middle classes. But a huge number of these skilled laborers like doctors and engineers simply left the country en masse to America, Britain, the Middle East and Canada. India called the phenomenon the ?Brain Drain,? but indeed, it drained India?s spirit as well."
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Poverty in Third World Countries, 2006.
A discussion regarding poverty in third world and developing countries and the impact that it has on globalization.
2,157 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper explores and discusses poverty in third world countries and in developing countries. The paper also takes a look at how poverty effects globalization. The paper further discusses Michel Chossudovsky's "The Globalization of Poverty".
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Globalization of Poverty
India's Experience With The 'Special' Funding of Agriculture
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Not long after Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated in November,1991, World Bank structural adjustment loans and IMF loans were signed. "The loans were earmarked for repayment of six months of debt servicing of India's external debt totaling $80 billion, the loans helped stem a crisis of confidence on the part of international lenders." The work of Chossudovsky (1997) states that "The economy suffered from stagflation, the price of rice increasing by more than 50 percent in the months following the 1991 measures and balance-of payments continued to deteriorate as rising import costs were not able to be offset by a decline in imports of essential commodities or an increase in exports. The negative effects of the program on internal demand pushed a large number of firms into bankruptcy. The program resulted in dismissal of roughly one-fifth of the public sector work force with only a very modest "safety net". More "liberal" labor legislation may have marginalized further lower wage employees and landless farm workers as wages for these groups came under pressure while consumer prices rose." (Chossudovsky, 1997) Chossudovsky holds that "the program may well have contributed to a two-tier economy of increasing poverty for some and growing opportunity for others." (Chossudovsky, )"
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Fighting Global Poverty, 2008.
A discussion on third world poverty and our role in improving the lives of billions of people.
1,707 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 89.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals startling statistics on global poverty and asserts that fighting poverty must be a global effort by both the "have" nations who can afford their support and the "have not" nations who have to work on their own internal problems. The paper discusses how organized programs and actions that provide an impetus for improved education, self-sufficiency and empowerment can help the world's impoverished nations become richer. The paper maintains that regardless of what approach individuals support for attempting to eradicate poverty, they must become involved and take a stand.
From the Paper
"The third-world comprises about 50 nations and one billion people. India and China have both experienced growth through increased globalization. However, the remaining countries remain unchanged. From 1960 to 2000, the new third world experienced no growth at all. In the meantime, the economies of the developing world are enjoying continually faster growth from one decade to the next. The bottom billion are falling further and further away from the rest of mankind. "Globalization must not leave the bottom billion behind," states the head of the World Bank, Robert Zoellick, yet it already has (Collier, 2007, B03)."
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Poverty in Local and Global Contexts., 2002.
This paper addresses poverty, both in the US and abroad. It presents statistics on poverty in the First and Third Worlds.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 114.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses poverty, both in the US and abroad. It presents statistics on poverty in the First and Third Worlds, as well as using portrayals of poverty in contemporary fiction and nonfiction: "Jihad vs. McWorld", "The Handmaid's Tale", and "The Bone People."
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Redefining Poverty, 2003.
Explores the need to redefine the term 'poverty' to improve poverty alleviation strategies.
6,500 words (approx. 26.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 240.95
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Abstract
The term 'poverty' does not have as clear-cut a definition as many suppose. In the past, the World Bank defined it as a form of economic deprivation, inhibiting access to necessary resources such as food, medication, shelter, or clothing. This paper shows, however, that by 2001, the World Bank realized that the definition of poverty as "deprivation of income" was simply too limited and limiting because it viewed poverty only from the economic perspective, overlooking the social perspective. It is limiting because the economic definition of poverty engenders poverty alleviation strategies, which aim to improve the economic status of individuals, communities, and areas by addressing the economic infrastructure alone, overlooking the fact that the social and political infrastructures may be, and often are, equally responsible for poverty. The paper shows that realization of the mentioned limitations motivated the World Bank to redefine poverty as used in its annual reports. This new definition, holding poverty to be a "pronounced deprivation of well-being," does address some of the limitations of the older definition, but is not a comprehensive definition. Additionally, it has failed to engender new poverty measurement variables, maintaining the same limited and limiting ones used in the earlier definition.
Outline
Definition
Measurements of Poverty
Social and Political Deprivation
Choice in Poverty
Alleviation Strategies
Criticism of Alleviation Strategies
Re-Emphasizing a New Definition of Poverty
Case Discussion and Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In other words, poverty is the absence of equality and equal opportunity. If one considers this definition carefully, especially in light of the areas of inequality highlighted by Todaro, one sees the rationale behind, and the validity of, this definition. Quite simply stated, the unequal status of women and minority groups in many LDC's determines the inability of those groups to access economic independence or even the opportunity for stable employment at fair wages. If we go a step beyond, one will note that resistance to employing women, consequent to patriarchal cultural attitudes prevalent in many LDC's such as rural Egypt, culminates in the exclusion of a significant percentage of the population from participating in national economic development efforts."
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Grassroots Poverty Reduction, 2006.
A discussion of policies for reducing global poverty and their shortcomings.
2,052 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses options for eradicating poverty. It describes the problems associated with poverty and how it is prevalent on a global scale. It then looks at general policy strategies with regards to poverty reduction and discusses some immediate responses to world poverty. The paper concludes by looking at specific policies towards global poverty and their shortcomings.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
The Reality of Poverty: Threats from Everywhere
The General Policy Strategy: Some Immediate Responses to World Poverty
To Rescue Neo-liberalism: Embedding of Social Inclusion
The PRSP: Framework for Developing Countries? -Some Pitfalls and Weaknesses
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Indeed, poverty anywhere is a threat to security everywhere. This just affirms the fact that poverty is severely widespread. So it is just right to think that the solution should not be a top-down approach. The project of 'inclusive' liberalism is still a top-down approach and therefore, it is not entirely 'inclusive.' But in spite of these failures, one must still value the attempts (though often failures) that is being made to avert further world poverty. Warts and all--even though there are questions about the real 'intentions' or motive of the neo-liberal framework, the important thing is that we have something to start with. We cannot undermine the value of this attempt of the neo-liberal framework to include. The only thing that is needed is a critical re-thinking of the whole discourse that would eventually 'include' everyone. The approach must be tilted--this time the poorest of the poor must be at the forefront. Anyway, it is them who are severely afflicted by this menace."
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Lee Jacobs' Article: "John Kenneth Galbraith: The Position of Poverty", 2008.
This paper analyzes governmental influences on case poverty and insular poverty in Southeast Asia based on the article "John Kenneth Galbraith: The Position of Poverty" by Lee Jacobs.
940 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
This study critically analyzes the idea of case poverty and insular ioverty in the article "John Kenneth Galbraith: The Position of Poverty" by Lee Jacobs. The paper explains that, by understanding the different types of poverty that keep many in the lower echelons of society, Galbraith positions that case poverty is a real concept in determining those that cannot function effectively within society. The paper further suggest that, by critical evaluating this concept, one can argue that Galbraith shows a great deal of insight into poverty, and what factors keep members of a population in the lower classes through government intervention. The paper then applies this concept to the poor in Southeast Asian countries.
From the Paper
"These ironic features that are contained within economic barren areas reflect the way that governmental development influences what is to be deemed insular poverty. For instance, if a country like Cambodia has resources in rice, a lack of government development could make Cambodia behave within Galbraith's definition of insular poverty without geographical isolation. ...
"This factor further helps develop the terms of poverty that are imposed upon people, through the so-called insular factors of poverty."
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The Sociology of Poverty and Welfare, 2005.
A sociological perspective on poverty and welfare, including a sociological definition of poverty, explanations for poverty and welfare, and an evaluation of the explanations.
3,525 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 158.95
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Abstract
The paper researches the sociology of poverty and welfare. The paper identifies the conflict and individualistic and cultural perspectives in poverty and welfare, gives a description of six sociological explanations relating to the two identified perspectives of poverty and welfare, and evaluates three of the sociological explanations. Further, this paper gives a description of at least eight sociological studies of welfare and poverty, with at least four representing the different sociological perspectives, as well as four evaluations of the sociological studies. Finally, this paper provides a description of four main constraints, which could affect the work of sociologists in their study of welfare and poverty.
Statement of Thesis
Review of Literature
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Defining elements in culture are those of language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and material objects that are passed through generation to generation. Further culture can be separated into subgroups of material culture and nonmaterial culture. Components within a culture are inclusive of symbols, gestures, language, values, norms and sanctions, folkways and mores." Those who participate in social research or sociologists place their reliance on three main theoretical frameworks which are symbolic intereactionism which is defined in the focus on languaging and human relationship elements in intimate group settings which gives emphasis to the construction and communication by the individual through use of symbols or micro-analysis. In the thinking of today there is little disagreement that there is not an existence of a definitive in poverty that is "the" end-all in relating the meaning of the existence demonstrating the meaning of poverty. Globalization is new in the theorem arena in relation to reflect on poverty. The studies that are recent in relation to: "globalization, regionalization and their local manifestation in 'globalization' revealed an extraordinary variety of micro-social" causal factors and reasons within the framework of social processes and consequences that are of a broader nature."
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America's War on Poverty, 2002.
An analysis of the effectiveness of welfare reform on poverty and anti-poverty policy in the U.S..
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 9 sources, AU$ 157.95
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Abstract
This paper will take a critical look at poverty and anti-poverty policy in the US. Intuitively, it is easy to make the hypothesis that spending more on poverty is better for the greater good. For instance, states with greater percentages of their population below the poverty line should spend more to reduce the incidence of poverty in their jurisdictions. In reality, however, this hypothesis has proven to be invalid. This paper will argue that, rather than improving, poverty is becoming more prevalent.
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Insular and Case Poverty, 2005.
This paper analyzes governmental influence on case poverty and insular poverty, using the article 'The Position of Poverty' by John Kenneth Galbraith.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the article by Jacobs that reflects Galbraith's theory on Insular and Case Poverty shows certain principles that are correctly adhered to in certain ways, but are delineated in other cases by government corruption. In this manner, many Southeast Asian countries are underdeveloped or overdeveloped depending on how governments structure their class systems. By analyzing this article, there is a greater comprehension of how class is developed through governmental support or non-support in relation to defining aspects of poverty in the modern era.
From the Paper
"This poverty study critically analyzes the idea of Case Poverty and Insular Poverty in the article "John Kenneth Galbraith: The Position of Poverty" by Lee Jacobs. By understanding the different types of poverty that keep many in the lower echelons of society, Galbraith positions that Case Poverty is a real concept in determining those that cannot function effectively within society. By critical evaluating this concept, one can argue that Galbraith shows a great deal of insight into poverty, and what factors keep members of a population in the lower classes through government intervention. The first defining aspect of Case Poverty is clearly related by Galbraith in identifying those that cannot function on the same level as other members within a given society."
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The Economics of Poverty and Globalization, 2006.
An analysis of the impact of globalization in regards to poverty.
3,326 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 153.95
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Abstract
This paper examines several issues in relation to globalization that are discussed by P. Figini and E. Santarelli in their article entitled, "Openness, Economic Reforms, and Poverty: Globalization in Developing Countries". It explains that the research is examined in context of earlier research related to free trade and Mexico and the expansion of FDI in that market. The paper also explains the difference between relative poverty and absolute poverty and how understanding these terms can be applied to the global economy in order to determine strategies to alleviate poverty and prepare economic benchmarks vital to reducing overall poverty levels, absolute or relative. The paper further discusses how Figini and Santarelli regard relative poverty levels as the most important aspect of poverty because these levels would be utilized in determining living wages as well as other economic factors that globalization impacts.
Outline:
Abstract
Overview
The World Trade Organization's Role in FDI
Free Trade & Poverty
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Understanding poverty and how to alleviate it is a critical component of joining the rank of first world nations. While the list of countries that have encouraged foreign investment and trade is growing, the fact remains that few have experienced the type of economic success that China and India have experienced. As Bhagwati illustrates, globalization as an economic model depends on the integration of economic structures through trade, foreign investment activity, short-term capital inflows, and technology inflows in order to be successful (2004)."
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Poverty, 2006.
A discussion regarding poverty, the causes and possible solutions.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the controversial issue of poverty, poverty in the USA, what poverty in a developing country such as Ethiopia is, what the solutions appear to be for ending poverty, and who is ultimately responsible for poverty. The paper concludes that poverty is something best resolved through education and informational exchange across countries and that the blame for poverty should not be affixed to those who are poor, but to those in government whose poor decision-making have exacerbated poverty in some communities.
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Poverty in America, 2008.
A research paper examining the causes of poverty in the United States and whether poverty can be ascribed to the individual or to society.
4,346 words (approx. 17.4 pages), 16 sources, APA, AU$ 184.95
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Abstract
This research paper analyzes the causes of poverty in the United States. It discusses the factors that affect poverty and then analyzes to what extent poverty is a result of social structure and to what extent it can be ascribed to individual factors. The paper also looks briefly at the future of poverty and the possibility of eventually eradicating poverty from our society.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background and Statement to the Problem
Research Questions for Paper
Rationale
Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
Literature Review
General Views and Overviews
Alternative Views and Theories
Proposed Methodology
Implications for Research and Practice and Ethical Concerns
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There is little doubt that poverty is a serious issue that affects modern society and is present in both the developed and developing countries of the world. However, what is less clear and much debated are the causes or the underlying causative factors that lead to or create poverty. There are many different views and theories about this aspect. There is also a central ideological divide about the causes of poverty; which views poverty either as an individual falling or as a consequence of societal structures and forces, creating a situation in which poverty is allowed to exist. This proposed study intends to investigate these causative factors, taking into account the often contradictory and opposing theoretical viewpoints and stances on the subject. The study aims to achieve a certain synthesis of theory and practical documentation and data, which will shed light on the causes of this modern social blight. It is also hoped that this study will contribute to future research with the aim of the eventually eradication of poverty in our society."
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