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Water in the Middle East, 2008.
This paper discusses the supply of water in the Middle East.
869 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 48.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the availability of potable water is a growing political, economic and humanitarian crisis facing many nations of the Middle East. The writer notes that the scarcity of water has become a political bargaining chip and source of conflict among many Middle East nations for years, and numerous threats could inflame this contentious issue. For example, the population of the Middle East is growing at a significant rate, which means less water is available per person, and some countries have not invested enough in water infrastructure. The writer maintains that for the region to have enough water to meet growing demand, it will have to focus on infrastructure development, equitable sharing, and new technologies, such as desalination. The writer concludes that while enormous challenges remain, nations that have launched bold water initiatives, such as the UAE with its aggressive deployment of desalination technology, have shown that successful outcomes can be achieved.
Outline:
Population, Access and Demand
Water Sharing Could Spark Conflict
Desalination Holds Hope
Conclusion
From the Paper
" Desalination may play a critical role in helping the Middle East contend with its growing water shortages. While fresh water may be in low supply in the Middle East, there is a great deal of oceanic salt water. Desalination uses a thorough filtration process called reverse osmosis to remove the salt from brackish water and turn it into potable water. Certain Middle East countries have been particularly aggressive about investing in desalination. As the chart below demonstrates, 70 percent of the water supply for the United Arab Emirates now comes from desalination. "
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Water Conflict in the Middle East, 2002.
An overview of the growing shortage of water in the Middle East and its effect on regional politics.
849 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the next conflict in the Middle East may be over water, not oil. It discusses how, with fast-growing populations to feed, Middle Eastern countries are looking anxiously at where they will find the water for agriculture and industry. It looks at how the water problem has come, in the recent years, to the forefront in the relations among the countries of the Middle East and occupies an important place on the agenda of several international organizations.
Outline
The General Situation
Turkey vs. Syria and Iraq
Israel vs. Lebanon
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A 1998 conflict over water nearly resulted in war. Syria was upset over a Turkish scheme to build a string of dams cross the Upper Euphrates as part of its South East Anatolia Project, which was depriving Syria of water on which its agriculture so heavily depends. The Syrians complained not only about the quantities released but also the quality. The series of dams built by Turkey upstream on the Euphrates means that the water reaching Syria had been used several times for irrigation, thus increasing salinity and harming crops, as well as causing erosion on the banks since it ran faster after being deprived of silt."
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Water in the Middle East, 2008.
A research proposal on the scarcity of water and its impact on the Middle East.
991 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a proposal that will demonstrate the scarcity of water in the Middle East. The paper relates that the research will explore why this scarcity will likely drive conflict and change in the region for some time to come. The paper provides a brief review of the literature and outlines the proposed methodology.
Outline:
Introduction to Problem
Proposed Hypothesis
Review of literature
Methodology
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This proposed work will obtain multilateral information through an extensive review of expert fieldwork in the area of water resources in the Middle East. It will seek to review the current state of scarcity over the long term wherever possible, looking at regional trend data. It will also review the current state of political management of water through an extensive study of core structural systems in place, and suggestions experts have for a potential peaceful future in regards to water resources. Lastly it will look at three regional conflict areas, with regard to military regions/borders where water could be said to have commanded military action."
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Water Resources in the Middle East, 2002.
Review and analysis of the research that has been conducted on water resources in the Middle East.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 20 sources, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the water resources in the Middle East. The essay is based on two articles but will also discuss some of the main researches that have been conducted in this area. Finally it will compare the two articles and give a brief analysis.
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Water Usage in the Middle East, 2006.
A case study of water usage patterns in the Gulf Cooperation Council states and the Middle East in general.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 1 source, AU$ 184.95
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Abstract
Water usage patterns in the Gulf Cooperation Council states and in the Middle East overall are not consistent with sound conservation policies and continued industrial and commercial expansion in the region without change will be unsustainable even in the short-term. This case study points out, the entire Middle East and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) in particular, is experiencing rapid growth in demand for water resources and water based products and this trend is expected to continue.
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Future Wars of the Middle East, 2006.
A research paper exploring the possibility of a future breakout of war in the Middle East and North Africa due to the scarcity of water throughout the region.
20,838 words (approx. 83.4 pages), 48 sources, MLA, AU$ 396.95
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Abstract
This dissertation presents a case study of the possibility of future wars throughout the Middle East and North Africa due to water scarcity and limited water resources presently being experienced in that region. The paper starts by revealing the gravity of the situation by showing the present statistics surrounding the problem of water scarcity throughout the world. Thereafter, the paper highlights the importance of water in the national economy. From then on, the paper discusses the present situation of water scarcity in the Middle East by noting the present available resources of water in the Middle East. Lastly, the paper highlights the reason underlying possible future water wars in the Middle East and North Africa. The paper concludes by briefly analyzing the findings and assessing possible variables and alternative scenarios that might be adapted by the Middle East and North African states to avert war.
Table of Contents
Abstracts
Synopsis
Introduction
The Importance of the Availability of Water
Presently Available Water Resources in the Middle East
The Conflict in the Future
Hypothesis
Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Collection of Data
Data Analysis and Search Tactics
Limitations of the Study
Findings
Geographic Location
Regional Tension, Disharmony and Centuries of Conflict
Vague International and National Laws
Population Explosion
Increase Demand and Decrease Supply
Pollution
Water Exploitation Methods
Economic Growth in the Middle East
Border Conflicts
The Domestic Situation and Regional Conflicts
Assessment of Expected Variables
Conclusion
From the Paper
"At present, as mentioned above, approximately 40% of the world's population is dealing with the scarcity of water. In fact, hundreds and thousands of humans travel all year long in search of water. They live their lives like nomads and remain in one place until they have utilized the water resources. While, this picture is very noticeable in the Middle East countries, more and more countries are joining the listing of such countries. Experts fear that if the present situation is not given the due attention, then by the middle of this century, almost 65% of the world's population will be confronting water scarcity and famine (Steve Lonergan, 1996). The gravity of the situation in the Middle East can be gauged from the fact that in the mid 1990's almost 8 countries from this region fell below the international standards of "absolute water scarcity," while many others had been on the brink of falling below the redline (Robert Engelman and Pamela LeRoy, 1993). This situation occurs when the yearly per capita fresh water accessibility of a nation drops below 500 cubic meters. These 8 countries in the Middle East faced inbuilt problems and difficulties of water scarcity that severely threatened the public healthcare structure, as well as, hindered the growth and development of the socio-economic system. To add to the difficulty, these regions have one of the highest population growth rates in the world. One does not have to be a rocket scientist to determine the fate of countries if their water resources come to a stand still while their population is rapidly growing at the rate of more than 3 percent (Ashok Swain, 1996)."
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Conflict in the Middle East, 2005.
A discussion on why the Middle East can be considered a conflict area.
26,575 words (approx. 106.3 pages), 40 sources, MLA, AU$ 396.95
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Abstract
Over the last hundred years, the Middle East has been one of the most troubled regions in the world. This paper attempts to define the attributes for success in the modern world that the Arab community lacks such as freedom, knowledge and woman power and how these impact the current political situation.
Outline
Islam Causes Conflict in the Middle East
Islam Does Not Cause Conflict in the Middle East
The Arab-Israeli Dispute Causes Conflict in the Middle East
Israeli Leadership Contributes to Conflict in the Middle East
Palestinian Leadership Contributes to Conflict in the Middle East
Lack of Democracy Contributes to Conflict in the Middle East
Oil Profits Cause Conflict in the Middle East
Water Scarcity Could Cause Conflict in the Middle East
From the Paper
"Sharon has spent years trying to erase the stain of the Lebanon War. Still, the legal defeat would seem to be the least of his troubles. After he won the premiership by promising to bring peace and security to Israel's citizens, Sharon has produced neither. The conflict with the Palestinians continues to escalate. The day of the court ruling, four Israelis died in Palestinian attacks; the following day, six soldiers died in a strike against an army roadblock. Sharon responded with a rare speech to the nation--in which he disappointed all expectations that he would announce a new policy direction. Among voters, confidence that he has a strategy is bleeding away. In one Israeli public-opinion poll, 29 percent of respondents said that Sharon had a clear plan, while 58 percent said he was simply reacting to events."
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Middle East Oil, 2003.
Presents an analysis of Middle-Eastern oil-producing nations.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 126.95
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Abstract
The paper shows how Middle Eastern oil nations use revenues from oil to meet basic human needs in their countries. It examines social welfare programs, the improvement of quality of life for citizens, and the creation of housing and improved water and sanitation.
From the Paper
"Oil and Social Welfare Programs in the Middle East
When Middle East oil production, reserves, and revenues are discussed, the discussion often focuses on the ways in which oil impacts upon international affairs and the global economic and geopolitical ..."
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Water in the Middle East, 2002.
A paper on the water shortage crisis in the Middle East.
3,585 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 159.95
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Abstract
A report on the growing crisis in the Middle East due to the lack of substantial water resources. This lack of the necessary fresh water for agriculture and everyday uses has been brought about by a number of factors, the most important of which is the fact that the region now has too great a population to be supported by the ecology of the region. The paper looks at how the water shortage is dealt with in each of the region's individual countries and includes facts and figures relating to water usage and needs in the area.
From the Paper
"Some Middle Eastern nations, like nations in other parts of the globe, are increasingly turning to the use of deep aquifers as a way to supply their people with water, but the long-term consequences of this may prove to be environmental perilous. Moreover, such use of aquifers often (rather than resolving regional and international water conflicts) actually makes them worse, as is the case with the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer, which lies under the national territories of Chad, Egypt, Libya and Sudan."
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The Six-Day War, 2005.
A brief examination of the Six-Day War and its effect on the Middle East.
1,369 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Six-Day War which happened in June 1967 between Israel and her neighbors. The paper delves into how this war impacted the Middle East as a whole, with problems such as water control rights and refugees. The writer explains that the entire region has evolved, with the consequences of this war as a major factor in the regions development.
From the Paper
"At this time there was another issue that had been creating tensions in those areas, and this was the fact that there were clashes between the forces along the borders, in the specific de-militarized zones between Israel and Syria. These clashes were actually the result of the Syrian attempts to resist the Israeli plan to increase the use of the DMZ that had been signed after the War of Independence for the purpose of Israeli Agriculture. What Syria did was to launch attacks, from the Golan Heights that are on the East of the border areas, on the Israeli farmers who had been engaged in cultivating their land in the demilitarized zones between Israel and Syria, and also on those Israeli boats, which were conducting their activities in the Sea of Galilee."
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Environmental Problems, 2007.
A study of the environmental damage caused to the Middle East's natural resources.
2,124 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 105.95
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Abstract
The paper illustrates in detail how industrial development, political changes and war in the Middle East have created a train of environmental and health problems today. It discusses the problems and notes that there have been efforts at addressing environmental degradation in the region. The paper maintains, however, that the complexity of the issue requires stronger commitment, especially in relation to legislative frameworks, resources, coordination between policies and strategies. It also points out that environmental degradation, such as wetland destruction and water depletion or loss, is also critical in countries in Asia and in Europe.
From the Paper
"Already scarce arable land is getting lost to desertification. Hazardous wastes, sewage, agricultural and other chemicals are polluting fresh water, while oil pollutes coastal zones. Coastal zone pollution, in turn, puts coral reefs, wild fowl and fishing areas at great risk. Massive and unprecedented urbanization, migration from the rural areas and resettlement of political refugees and foreign workers drain city services (VanderMeer). The great oasis of the Middle East, Mesopotamia, has lost 93% of its wetlands and what remains is now threatened to be blotted out by a war."
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Ballast Water, 2003.
This paper discusses the environmental hazard of ballast water, the water brought by various watercraft from all over the world and then discharged into the U.S. waters.
1,360 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that ballast water brings along plants, animals, bacteria, and pathogens that have the potential to become aquatic nuisance species (ANS). The author points out that the Clean Water Act (CWA) of the U.S. protects the waters from chemical dumping, but does not regulate ballast waters. The paper relates that only 20 percent of the people residing in the U.S. are aware of the serious threats that ballast water poses to the marine ecosystem.
Table of Contents
Inherency
Economic and Environmental Damage Occur
The Clean Water Act Does Not Fully Cover
U.S. Citizens Aren?t Aware of the Many Threats
Harms
Ballast Water and its Dangers
Bio Invasion through Ballast Water
Zebra Mussels Have Caused Damaged of over $5 Billion in the Great Lakes
Vast Majority of U.S. Marine Life Are in Danger
Various Creatures Can Survive in Ballast Tanks
Solvency
From the Paper
"One predatory fish species could seriously harm the local ecosystem. The introduction of the Zebra mussels into the Great Lakes in USA has infested over 40% of internal waterways. It has already cost the United States of America $ 5 billion, a phenomenal amount. Moreover, even after spending this amount there is no solution in sight as to how they can be eradicated or even contained."
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Privatization of Water, 2008.
Compares and contrasts two articles on the privatization of water: Water Is a Human Right" by the Council of Canadians' Blue Planet Project and Joshua Ortega's "Water Wars: Bottling up the World's Supply of H2O".
1,058 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 59.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer looks at the articles "Water Is a Human Right" by the Council of Canadians' Blue Planet Project and "Water Wars: Bottling up the World's Supply of H2O" by Joshua Ortega. The writer notes that the two articles share a common theme: that the privatization of drinking water resources is harmful and dangerous. The writer discusses that authors differ, however in how they appeal to readers, the techniques employed to create common ground with their audience, the political/economic philosophy employed and solutions suggested.
From the Paper
"Ortega also uses an analogy between the oil crisis and an impending water crisis. He attempts to frighten readers that future wars over water will be far worse than today's over oil. He refers to the scandal-ridden former energy corporation Enron several times. Neither author acknowledges opposing points of view. It could be suggested that governments can regulate privatized water companies or that competition among such companies could lead to more and cheaper water - the idea behind free market capitalism.
"The authors differ in the techniques used to promote reader action. Ortega suggests a set of primarily feel good options for American consumers - all within the context of America's democratic process. The C.C. speaks to what organizations can achieve than what individuals can do."
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Canada and the Middle East, 2006.
This paper explores Canada's contributions towards the struggles in the Middle East and the Middle East peace process.
2,060 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 102.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Canada's involvement, past and present, in the conflicts in the Middle East relative to other nations. The paper details the numerous conflicts in the Middle East over the years. The paper explores the contributions of other nations towards the Middle East peace process and demonstrates how the contributions of Canada, unlike many other nations, are effective, but silent.
From the Paper
"Past and present, the Middle East has been in a constant state of chaos, involving nations worldwide. Progressing negatively with no major improvement, many third parties, alongside the Arab nations, have put forth constant efforts, despite many failures, in an attempt to restore the Middle East to its once peaceful state. The active contributions by many nations, including the United States of America, and the Soviet Union, have been witnessed and recognized worldwide. The contributions of Canada, unlike the many other nations, are effective, but silent."
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Technology and East Bay Municipal Utility District, 2001.
This paper discusses the growing use of technology at EBMUD (East Bay Municipal Utility District ), a publicly owned water company on the eastern side of San Francisco Bay.
1,230 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper studies technology used by water companies in general and EBMUD specifically. It gives an historical overview of the situation before EBMUD was formed as well as EBMUD's history of technology use up until today. It discusses the environmental conditions in the area and how they have been overcome with technology. It details several advances that technology has helped make such as in water supply, water treatment methods, and waste water treatment.
From the Paper
"Technology plays a significant role at the East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD). EBMUD is a publicly owned water company that supplies water service for 1.3 million people that live on the eastern side of San Francisco Bay. It provides water and wastewater treatment for Alameda and Contra Costa Counties which include cities such as Oakland and Berkeley. (?About East Bay?). As EBMUD?s responsibilities to the public have grown, so has its use of technology from its inception to the present. "
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Water Geography, 2008.
Discusses terms related to water geography, safe water and dams.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper commences by defining eight terms related to water geography such as a water surplus is a period in time when there is enough water for plants to feed and aquatic life to thrive. The author then examines that Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), a federal law first enacted in 1974 and revised in 1996, which promotes better standards for public drinking water under the responsibility of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The third part of this paper considers the utility of dams by exploring the five primary advantages and disadvantages of dams. The author concludes that dams, as man-made structures, are neither good nor bad but rather neutral in value.
Table of Contents:
Eight Terms
Water Surplus/Deficit
Cloud Seeding
Giardiasis/Cryptosporidium
Doctrine of Prior Appropriations
Scour and Fill/Levees
Dissolved Load/Suspended Load/Bed Load
Chlorination/Trihalomethanes (THMs)
Anadromous Fish/Catadromous Fish
The Safe Drinking Water Act
Dams
Advantages
Disadvantages
Conclusions
From the Paper
"The collapse of a dam, while not often probable, is a real threat. Because of this dams require constant monitoring which can take a further toll on economic resources. Damns also redirect water, which may enable certain populations to benefit, including residents living near the dam, but may also harm the natural landscape and plant or marine life residing in the region a dam is created. While a dam may prevent flooding most of the time, it may result in the mass destruction of an entire residential area should the dam expire."
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