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International Trade Between China and the United States, 2002.
A look at the history of the development of trade relations between China and the United States.
3,797 words (approx. 15.2 pages), 25 sources, MLA, AU$ 166.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an evaluation of future international trading prospects between China, the United States and other countries through the event of the visit made by Chinese president Jiang Zemin?s to the U.S. in October, 2002. The development of political relations and foreign trade between China and the U.S. in the past few decades is analysed through a review of the developments in trading for both China and the U.S., the improvement of political and foreign trade relations between the two countries, the U.S. investment in China, China?s entry into the World Trade Organisation and the recent improvement of political relations between the two countries. A recommendation for further improvement of the relationship between the two nations is also given.
From the Paper
"Except for the period of rapid growth of Sino-Soviet trade in the 1950s, China, in the Maoist era, pursued relatively autarkic trade and financial policies. During the 1960s, when the trade of both developing and industrialised economies was growing rapidly, China?s trade was actually shrinking in real terms. Initially, that was a response to the severing of the Sino-Soviet economic relationship and the collapse of the domestic economy as a result of the economically ill-fated strategy of the Great Leap Forward. But later, as domestic growth resumed, it reflected the autarky of the Cultural Revolution, when all but one of China?s ambassadors were recalled from their posts and China turned inwards."
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Trade with China, 2004.
This paper discusses the United States trade policy with China.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 37.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the United States trade policy with China. This paper analyzes the most favored nations status that China currently holds. The writer examines how China does business, bearing in mind the trade status that China possesses. Further, the writer discusses the reaction of the Bush administration.
From the Paper
"Most-favored-nation status guarantees Chinese goods the same tariff treatment in America as those of most other countries. Jodie T. Allen of U.S. News and World Reports comments that U.S. trade officials reluctantly filed a complaint with the World Trade Organization charging that China's tax policies unfairly discriminate against U.S. exporters of semiconductors. Allen goes on to describe the ways in which the Chinese government competes unfairly and blocks U.S. imports now that China has most-favored-nation status. Another example of the way ... "
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US Trade Policy with China and Civil Liberties, 2008.
This paper is a detailed analysis of the literature relating to the United States trade policy with China and its affects on civil liberties within China.
3,270 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 148.95
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Abstract
This work makes a thorough review of the available literature relating to U.S. trade relations and policy with China, as well as the impact that free trade has had upon human civil rights and democracy in the country of China. The paper states that one of the important outcomes of free trade in the country of China has been the reduction of poverty. This in turn, according to the paper, has lead to growing power vested in citizens of the country and less power vested in the ruling party. Furthermore, it asserts that the rapid change in China has been termed to be a 'transformation' in many primary aspects of living demonstrated in the improved economic and financial aspects in China, as well as serving to impact political aspects in the country as well. The paper concludes that the government in China does not appear to be ready to shun the economic benefits of trade liberalization even if that means making room for the effects of democratization that goes along with economic benefits.
Outline:
Introduction
Idealism versus Realism
Free Trade: U.S.and China Trade Relations
Trade Liberalization and Democratization
Creeping Democratization (Minxin, 1995)
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work of Ying Ma relates that in spite of what the United States or even the citizens of China may desire, 'the Chinese Government has so far quashed and neutralized pressure for fundamental political change. Beijing controls and stunts precisely those instruments that contribute to the success of broad-cased domestic opposition: It cracks down on political opponents, co-opts potential ones, and indoctrinates the masses. It is eagerly attempting to maximize economic modernization while minimizing its liberalizing effects.' (Ma, 2007) Ying Ma states that there are several 'concrete steps' that might assist promotion of democracy in China. The first of these steps is that 'the United States should not wade into the quandary of slowing Chinese economic growth and cannot stop the Chinese government from institutionalization itself or co-opting its rival political groups,...' however it is possible that the U.S. can do more toward combating 'other sources of authoritarian resilience by strengthening China's political opposition and countering the regime's restriction of coordination goods that range from press freedom to the ability to organize.'"
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Europe and China Trade Markets, 2008.
This paper discuses the comparative advantage theory and applies it to trade between Europe and China.
2,800 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 21 sources, MLA, AU$ 132.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that China's emergence as both an economic and political force has presented opportunities for Europe to develop or expand its business and trade relationships with China. The author points out that the comparative advantage theory dictates that, if a country can produce an item at a lower relative cost than another country, then it has a comparative advantage for that particular product. The paper suggests that Europe has a strong comparative advantage in technology and infrastructure compared to the Chinese market; whereas, China's comparable advantage over any developed economy is production efficiencies based on its vast pool of low cost labor. The paper states that China has taken full advantage of the benefits of globalization by developing the technology channels to handle the communication and transaction of international commerce and the physical infrastructure for the transportation and logistics of goods and services through a supply chain channel.
Table of Contents:
Europe and China at the Crossroads
Overview
Comparative Advantage Theory
Overview
Europe's Market Advantages
China's Market Advantages
Foreign Exchange Dimension
China's Currency Issues
Europe's Currency Concerns
The Economic and Geo-Political Environment
Overview
Off-Shoring/Out-Sourcing
Currency Blocks
Production Possibilities Frontier
Foreign Direct Investment
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Trade is of great concern to the EU and one of the major drivers in establishing a centralized body within which to set policy and coordinate trade agreements. Prior to the Maastricht Treaty that established the EU as a formalized body, the individual member states were seemingly caught up in endless internecine trade disputes with each other that precluded any sort of effective international trade policy to deal with an increasingly global economy. However, over the last several years, the EU has been much more effective at handling trade disputes between member states."
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U.S.-China Trade Relations, 2003.
An examination of the origins of U.S.-China trade relations.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at U.S.-China trade relations with a focus on the events of 1973. Attention is given to political and economic ramifications.
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China and the World Trade Organization (WTO), 2005.
A look at the involvement of China in the World Trade Organization, focusing on the need for supply chain management.
8,415 words (approx. 33.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 283.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the circumstances that led China to join the WTO, an analysis of the Chinese economy prior to joining the organization, and its performance after becoming a member. The study examines the performance and limitations of supply chain management in China. It then provides recommendations for improving the working of supply chain management in China.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Supply Chain Operations in China: Benefits
4. Limitations of Supply Chain Management in China
5. Recommendations for Improvement
6. Conclusion
From the Paper
"Many of the companies are presently resorting to different methods of making their work done by hiring people through a process known as outsourcing. The companies try to focus on their basic activities in which they are competent and other ancillary activities are outsourced on contract basis to others. The Chinese market is now in global focus as one of the growing market. The favorable circumstance for investment by the multinational corporations in respect of multiple ranges of industries like consumer products, automotive, electronics, telecommunications etc., is the primary reason for its attraction. The widespread marketing prospects, highly educated people, cost-effective methods of production, and effective networks for distribution made the Chinese market so significant globally. Another reason that made China the centre of attraction is the performance of its economy even amidst the Asian catastrophe. The bewildering increase of its exports by 25% has made its international trade becoming more significant. The self assured Chinese economy led to signify the role of international relations. The operation of Motorola in the Chinese soil led the Western members to consider the Chinese market as very significant and cannot be set aside. The Western leaders could visualize a growth rate of over 9 percent per annum and in favor of initiation of reformation in the global trading policy. China is predicted to be the seventh world ranking largest exporter and eighth largest importer by the end of 2000. Next only to US, China has become the second largest playground attracting the foreign capitalists with an investment of about 400 million US dollar. Besides, it is evident to the Western leaders to visualize the large population of China with the diversities as a never ending supplier of low wage laborers in addition to the large middle class consumers. In view of these it is considered by the Western leaders that non-admittance of China to the WTO cannot be the other alternative. (Chanoff, 2002)"
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U.S.-China Trade Relations, 2002.
This paper discusses the political and economic issues in the growing U.S.-China trade relations.
1,710 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper states that, because of the ideological differences, national security is a major political issue that troubles the U.S. government in allowing the proliferation and rapid investment in China by U.S. businesses. The paper points out that China?s large population and availability of cheap labor makes it attractive to outside businesses.
The author believes that, if China is to develop further, it must improve its core infrastructure.
Table of Contents
China?s Appeal for Multinational Corporations
Economic Assets and Problems
Businesses Likely to Succeed in the Short-run
More Insights
From the Paper
"Again, China?s inability to keep up with growing industrialization and as a result growing demand for resources such as electricity can result in a dampening effect on growth, if not addressed. Another consequence of China?s rapid economic growth has been severe environmental pollution and China now accounting for over 13% of the world?s carbon emissions. Failure to check this will lead to growing health care problems, which may add to the burden of providing for the weaker sections of society."
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China and the World Trade Organization, 2008.
A discussion of the controversial issue of China joining the World Trade Organization.
1,340 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how China has been changing economically while trying to hold on to as much of the Communist system as possible, a delicate balancing act that raises the suspicions of much of the world while also creating a good deal of internal uncertainty. The paper points out that this is part of a modernization effort being carried forth not only by those within China or by her trading partners, but also by Chinese living abroad who wish to increase business for the home country or to develop China in a wide variety of fields, including the scientific, financial, artistic, tourism, and other fields. The paper maintains that part of this effort involves China joining the World Trade Organization (WTO). Both the possibility of China joining and the organization itself were the subjects of massive protests in this era of increasing globalization and remain so. The paper concludes that China's attempt to gain benefits while retaining autonomy in certain matters is a balancing act that cannot be maintained for long without political change.
Outline:
Introduction
The WTO
China and the WTO
Theoretical Implications
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Chinese take the view that America is only harboring ill feelings about the emergence of a stronger and more prosperous China, and they believe that Washington's policy toward Taiwan is designed to obstruct China's reunification. They say that the Americans want to stop Chinese arms sales that are merely for commercial purposes while at the same time they are selling more sophisticated fighters and missiles to the unyielding Taiwanese. They also believe that the Americans use the human rights issue as a weapon to interfere in China's domestic affairs and undermine the Chinese government and note that the U.S. government created obstacles to China's entry into the WTO with the intention to weaken China economically, which has an effect domestically and internationally at the same time: "As the Chinese are sustaining their economic growth and rapidly improving their standard of living, their national pride is certain to arise" (Jisi 45)."
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U.S.-China Trade Relations, 2004.
An analysis of trade patterns between the United States and China.
798 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the trade patterns between the United States and China throughout the years. The paper examines the history of China as a government, particularly as a political and economic power in the Asian region. The paper explains that the history of trade between the two countries can be traced best through three periods in history, which may also be identified as the three phases of China's establishment and development of trade relations with the United States. These phases are explored in the paper and include early trade relations between the two countries in the first century AD, the period after the collapse of the Socialist experiment in Asia, and the integration of China into the world market.
From the Paper
"The first phase involves early trade relations between the two countries in the first century AD, a period wherein the barter system was in operation. During this period, US has yet to be known as an independent nation, and was simply referred to as the Americas. Trade between China and the Americas simply involved the exchange of essential goods that each country had-China with its supply of silk, gun powder, and porcelain, and the Americas with its staple foodstuffs. In this phase, trade was in its crudest form, and would be hampered with the increasing level of isolation that China had imposed upon itself through the coming years. Thus, after the first phase, trade relations between the two countries lagged, and eventually became non-existent, especially with the development of China in the early- and mid-20th century as a Communist country."
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U.S./China Trade, 2002.
Discusses the impact on U.S. business and the economy.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 12 sources, AU$ 164.95
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Abstract
Discusses impact on U.S. business and he economy. Whether or not the U.S. should continue to expand its trade relationship with China. Significance of China's acceptance into the World Trade Organization (WTO). The market in China. Lack of Chinese business laws. Moral, political and economic issues. Two Tables.
From the Paper
"Impact of US/China Trade on US Business and the Economy
Introduction
The debate over whether or not the United States should continue to expand its trade relationship with China has heated up significantly over the last several years. Even with China's accession into the World Trade Organization (WTO), questions still abound as to the moral, political and economic consequences of such action. Concerns over human rights for the people of China, the likelihood of the Chinese government's compliance with its WTO agreement, and mass corruption among local government officials in China bring into doubt the true benefits of such an agreement.
Proponents of increased trade with China argue that the ..."
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U.S. China Trade and Business Issues, 2005.
An analysis of the effects of China's economic prowess on the U.S. economy.
3,313 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 150.95
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Abstract
"China's trade surplus with the U.S. last year swelled to $124 billion up from $103 billion a year earlier. And the strength of its manufacturing sector in everything from clothing to TVs means that it is being blamed for the woes of U.S. workers." (Taken from Business Week, 12th April, 2004) This paper comments on this statement and assesses the trading and business issues between the U.S.A. and China, including the pressure for China to open its domestic markets to foreign competition, especially since joining the World Trade Organisation.
From the Paper
"Globalization has driven trade and business engagements between the United States and China to unprecedented levels, creating an economic interdependence not seen before. China is now the United States' second largest source of imports and the largest trade deficit partner. China's growing economic prowess is regarded by many as the cause of higher unemployment in the United States and US entrepreneurs express frustrations over access into the Chinese market. Despite improving political relations between these two nations, US - China relations have entered into a new phase in which issues of trade, economics and finance traditionally considered among the most positive and beneficial aspects of the relationship have increasingly become matters of dispute and friction."
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China and Trade Liberalization, 2002.
A look at how trade reforms have impacted China's entry into the world market.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the impact of china's integration into the world economy. It looks at sectoral impacts on the world economy and on the Chinese economy.
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China and the World Trade Organization (WTO), 2002.
An examination of how China finally gained entry into the WTO in November 2001.
1,387 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 74.95
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Abstract
A paper discussing all aspects of China being admitted into the World Trade Organization in 2001 after having been denied entry repeatedly in the past. Discussion includes China's expectation of being one of the main powers in the WTO after the United States and Europe. One of the main advantages discussed is the financial impact of globalization on China's labor force.
From the Paper
"China is expected to become one of the main entities in the World Trade Organization, next to the United States and Europe. Besides becoming the dominant power in Asia, what this also means for China is that they could possibly see their unemployment rate surge if imports from member nations are now allowed to flood the market. Becoming the dominant power in Asia could be a direct result of China's entrance into the World Trade Organization. Some of the many advantages of growth and development for China now that they are involved in free trade and globalization through the World Trade Organization are quite varied."
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China and the World Trade Organization (WTO), 2002.
This paper discusses the entry of China into the WTO and the complexities of implementing all the changes to her economy.
8,856 words (approx. 35.4 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 294.95
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Abstract
An in-depth research paper into China joining the WTO and the details of the agreement of trade tariffs and quotas that was established. The paper discusses the different business cultures between east and west and why these differing cultures made it harder to implement the changes into China's economy. The writer examines how these countries are now able to merge due to the trend of globalization - both economically and culturally.
I. Introduction
II. Review of Literature
China and the West in Business
Case Studies
Tips and Other Opinions
III. Methodology
IV. Results
A Convergence of Business Cultures?
Case Studies
Tips, Strategies and Opinions
V. Summary and Conclusion
Implications and Recommendations for Further Study
References
From the Paper
"What makes China stand out as a global market potential, despite its status as an underdeveloped country, is its sheer size: its huge and diverse population of close to 1.2 billion is five times the US population. This makes China the world?s largest consumer economy (Ralston et al). This is why those who wish trade with, and invest in, China must be most knowledgeable about Guanxi, the Chinese?s negotiating behavior (Buttery and Leung, 1997). It is their access to the needed influence in China in order to make things happen there, in establishing political capital and building relationships, which foreign investors must have and use to do business in China. But Western or foreign investors must be most aware that they will not finish up with a single negotiation or accomplishing a quick return-on-investment. Guanxi requires the building of a life-long relationship with foreign investors and proof of certain virtues. The Chinese culture in business differs widely from the Western in a number of ways, which must be effectively addressed to insure business success."
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China's Trade, 2002.
Examines China's comparative economic advantages.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains China's comparative advantage with regard to products and services, trade barriers and balance of payment situation. It also explains the contribution of trade to GDP.
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Trade Patterns of the U.S. and China, 2004.
A comparative report on the international trade strengths of China and the United States.
2,870 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 136.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the foreign trade patterns of the United States and compares them with those of China. The paper discusses international trade relations in general. The issue of trade barriers is presented in the paper. The paper assesses the various strengths attributed to both American and Chinese international trade.
From the Paper
"Some believe that the United States is the most powerful nation in the world, and this is largely accurate, but it also depends on how power is considered. However, when it comes to trade, and export and import issues, the United States is relatively weak in the fact that it imports so much from other countries. Generally, this is not a problem provided that all countries get along with each other well. It could become a problem, however, if other countries were to stop their trade with the United States. Many of the countries that make specific products use them in those countries and also send them to the United States (Mansfield, & Bronson, 1997). Even though the United States is an important avenue for export, there are many other countries that also use these various goods and services (Mansfield, & Bronson, 1997)."
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