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Toxic Substances, 2005.
This paper argues for a reduction in the use of toxic substances.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 0 sources, APA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes that a solution to the need to reduce the use of toxic substances is to educate the public. The author recommends making nontoxic alternatives available. The paper poses the dangers pf toxins.
From the Paper
"There is a critical problem in our nation with toxic substances in our food, drinking water, homes and natural environment., These toxic substances can cause illness weaken our immune systems and can even result in death especially in those most affected by the problem: The elderly, those with compromised immune systems, children and pets. I discovered the seriousness of this issue when my dog developed diabetes as well as a life-threatening liver problem after being exposed to poison."
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Everyday Toxic Substances, 1991.
This paper reviews the sources of common air contaminants and focuses on indoor pollution.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 7 sources, AU$ 50.95
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From the Paper
"Toxic substances exist nearly everywhere in the modern world, for they are used in various products, processes, and mechanisms found in homes and office buildings. Many of these products were included in materials in interior design before their toxic effects were known. Many substances affect only sensitive people, while the long-term health effects of many of these substances remains uncertain.
The problem of air pollution was first though of only in terms of outdoor pollutants from the burning of fossil fuels and other sources, but we have become more aware today of the indoor pollutants. In some cases, structures have even been identified as "sick buildings" because of the adverse health effects found in those who live or work there, and often the precise source of the problem ream ins elusive. Certain indoor pollutants have become ,,, "
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Performance Enhancing Substances, 2005.
An examination of the use and effects of steroids and other performance enhancing substances.
3,316 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 151.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how there are many different types of performance-enhancing substances available in a variety of markets, some legal and some illegal, some targeted toward athletes and some employed more often for recreational usage. It looks at how, despite the many questions that arise while examining issues relating to substance use in athletics, there is still a failure to examine the multitude and magnitude of negative consequences that can potentially follow any use of performance-enhancing substances, legal or otherwise.
Outline
Introduction
Who Uses Performance-Enhancing Substances
Different Types of Performance-Enhancing Substances
Preventative Measures Against Performance-Enhancing Substance Use
Monitoring Performance-Enhancing Substance Use
Interventions for Performance-Enhancing Substance Use
From the Paper
"Parents should be aware of possible signs that their children are using performance-enhancing substances. If they become worried about substance use, there are a number of interventions that can be utilized. However, performance-enhancing substance use is also monitored on an official level by organizations such as the NCAA. According to Copeland (2002), the testing program utilized by the NCAA was modeled after that in place for Olympic drug testing, with the exception that the International Olympic Committee does not issue sanctions on athletes for some infringements of drug policies. "
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Performance Enhancing Substances, 2004.
This paper discusses the use of performance enhancing substances.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 89.95
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Abstract
This article looks at the subject of performance enhancing substances. The writer examines the effects and risks of using such substances. The writer discusses appropriate alternatives to these drugs, such as proper nutrition, hydration and vitamins. The writer also provides the option of working with a trainer in order to increase muscle mass, strength and stamina. In this paper, the writer looks at the wide use of such performance enhancing substances in sports and among athletes.
From the Paper
"Trout and Kazlauskas have noted that Sport plays a major role in the lives of many people, both for active participation and as entertainment. Sport is now a huge nationally and internationally based industry. The desire to win has led some athletes to resort to the use of performance enhancing drugs. With huge financial rewards now available in some sports, the pressure to excel has grown. Some have argued that drug use should be given free rein ... "
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The Nature of Substances: Spinoza vs. Leibniz, 2001.
This paper evaluates both Baruch Spinoza's and Gottfried Leibniz's arguments regarding the nature of substances.
1,265 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper first outlines Baruch Spinoza's argument in Part 1 of the "Ethics" for "substance monism" - the position that there exists only one substance. It then explains how Spinoza's position differs from that of Gottfried Leibniz in the "Discourse on Metaphysics". The paper concludes with the assertion that Leibniz's account for the nature and number of substances is superior since accepting Spinoza's conclusions leads to a number of logically troublesome consequences.
From the Paper
"Leibniz's account for the nature and number of substances differs significantly from Spinoza's. For Spinoza, there is only one substance in the world: God. Leibniz essentially agrees that there is only one true substance. However, to Leibniz this substance is the monad, comparable to a soul or spirit, which "is nothing but a simple substance that enters into composites" (Monadology, p. 484). For Leibniz, God exists external to the world of monads, and might be best thought of as a type of "supersubstance" or "supermonad." It was God who set the world in motion; therefore, substances depend on God for their existence. Since Leibniz's God possesses the will to create or destroy substances "in accordance with the principle of the best" (M., p. 487), God is the only necessary being. All other monads, then, depend on Him for their existence, and as such, are non-eternal contingent beings. Spinoza's pantheism forces the conclusion that all substance is eternal; if it were not eternal, then it would have to be created, which would then violate his definition of substance as something "that the conception of which does not require the conception of another thing from which it has to be formed" (E., p. 416)."
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Nutritional Substances, 2002.
Explains the benefits of carbohydrates, lipids, monosaccharides, protein and cholesterol to the human body.
918 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
When it comes to nutrition, terms like carbohydrate, lipid, monosaccharides, protein and cholesterol can sound almost like a foreign language. With all the conflicting reports of what affects ones body and what does harm, it is no wonder that people are so confused. The paper shows, however, that the importance of these substances is so vital that by understanding what they are, as well as how they are used by our bodies can certainly benefit our health and overall well being.
From the Paper
"By definition, a carbohydrate is group of chemical compounds that exist when hydrogen and oxygen (H2O) are then combined with carbon (Ed., Encarta). Carbohydrates are the largest group of organic compounds found in nature (Encarta). Humans, animals, plants and bacteria all use carbohydrates, and the uses for them varies depending on the organism using them. Plants use them for structural uses ? as in the cellulose and hemicellulose that are their main structural elements (Encarta). The cell coatings of the connective tissues in vertebrate animals have carbohydrates in them; both animals and plants use various forms of carbohydrates to store energy (Encarta). Chitin is a carbohydrate, and is the primary ingredient for the exoskeleton of invertebrate animals (Encarta)."
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Controlled Substances, 2003.
Examines issues of use and abuse with reference to the social theory of Max Weber.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 13 sources, AU$ 140.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Weberian theory, looking at his principle of rationalization. It examines behavior patterns and conventions of social enforcement, as well as the social structure and order.
From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine the issue of controlled-substance use and abuse with reference to the social theory of Max Weber. The plan of the research will be to set forth in general terms Weber's approach to social analysis, and then to ..."
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Cantharidin ( Spanish Fly ), 1993.
Pharmacological & chemical properties of toxic substance mistakenly believed to be aphrodisiac.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 12 sources, AU$ 140.95
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From the Paper
" Cantharidin (Spanish Fly)
The pharmacologic potential of the substance, cantharides, has been known for thousands of years. This crude concoction is produced by grinding dried blister beetles. The best known blister beetle is Cantharis vesicatoria, or the Spanish fly. The agent responsible for cantharides' physiologic effects is the chemical, cantharidin. One of the many consequences of cantharidin ingestion is priapism. This finding has caused many to mistakenly assume that cantharides, or rather "Spanish fly," is an aphrodisiac. While the substance may in fact cause priapism, its primary pharmacologic effects are actually those of a potent toxin.
People have used Cantharides powder since at least the time of Hippocrates (10:33). In fact, Hippocrates himself recommended."
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Substance Abuse, 2002.
This paper analyzes and examines substance abuse and substance dependence.
2,003 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 27 sources, APA, AU$ 102.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that substance abuse greatly impacts many, if not all, aspects of an individual's life and is typically linked to behavioral, economic, educational, legal, medical, psychological, public health, and social problems. This paper analyzes and examines substance abuse and substance dependence. In Part II, the general causes and effects of substance abuse and substance dependence are addressed. Part III examines the psychiatric aspects of substance abuse. In Part IV, the relationship between substance abuse and crime is outlined. Finally, this paper concludes with a way to improve the awareness and treatment of psychiatric disorders and substance abuse.
From the Paper
"The correlation between substance abuse and crime has been well-documented over the past 25 years and may be explained by Gottfredson?s and Hirschi?s general theory of crime. According to their theory, the criminal act and the criminal offender are separate concepts. The criminal act is perceived as opportunity; illegal activities that people engage in when they perceive them to be advantageous."
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Tenuous Connections: Anxiety Disorders and Substance Abuse, 2008.
An examination of the relationship between anxiety disorders & substance abuse and whether substance abuse can be viewed as a product of anxiety disorders.
1,974 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 100.95
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Abstract
The paper questions whether there is any evidence that increased levels of anxiety result in a higher incidence of substance abuse. People who are very anxious may consume larger quantities of alcohol, smoke more heavily or resort to drugs as a way of self medication in treating an anxiety disorder. The paper relates that the higher the levels of self-reported anxiety,the more difficult it is to complete a treatment program, with the possibility that the person will return to the disorder of abuse on completing the program. The paper continues and discusses subtle affinities of anxiety disorders with that of substance abuse, by indicating that there are minor differences between the amount of abuse by alcoholics who have anxiety disorders, and those that do not. This indicates that anxiety disorders are an independent factor in the study of substance abuse.
From the Paper
"However, trait anxiety levels were positively correlated with negative substance abuse consequences, i.e., relapses even after treatment. Trait anxiety levels were also negatively correlated with the number of days an individual spent in treatment. In other words, the more anxiety problems that an individual experienced, the more likely it was that they would be substance abusers and the longer it would take for that individual to successfully complete the treatment program. Additionally, both state and trait anxiety levels were positively correlated with the level of addiction that the individual expressed, as measured and documented by the researchers (O'Leary et al., 2000). The implication of this finding is obvious: the higher the level of anxiety that an individual experience--in other words, the greater the possibility of an anxiety disorder--the more likely it would be for that individual to have a greater substance abuse problem."
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Adolescent Substance Abuse, 2008.
An analysis of the breath and prevalence of adolescent substance abuse.
6,423 words (approx. 25.7 pages), 39 sources, APA, AU$ 238.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a general overview of adolescent substance abuse, including a discussion of some of the more salient societal implications involved. A description of the statistics concerning adolescent substance abuse and its incidence among various groups is followed by a discussion of social identity theory, group affiliation and their respective influence on adolescent substance abuse patterns. An analysis of some of the more common types of substances typically abused by American adolescents today is also followed by a discussion of the various factors that have been shown to contribute to adolescent substance abuse behaviors and place these young people at higher risk of becoming substances abusers, as well as some behaviors that have been shown to mediate such risk.
Outline:
Introduction
General Overview
Societal Implications
Statistics/Incidence of Adolescent Substance Abuse
Social Identity Theory, Group Affiliation and Their Influence on Adolescent Substance Abuse
Types of Substances Typically Abused by Adolescents
Factors Contributing to Adolescent Substance Abuse Behaviors
Summary
From the Paper
"Calculating the precise incidence of substance abuse among adolescence has been complicated by the fact that some minority groups appear to be specifically targeted for such testing when they present for emergency treatment at many American hospitals today. For example, the results of an analysis of data collected on adolescents (aged 12 through 17 years) from the National Trauma Data Bank to identify the incidence of alcohol and drug testing in adolescents admitted for traumatic injury by Marcin and his colleagues (2003) found significant differences in the likelihood of alcohol and drug testing being ordered by the treating clinicians for different racial, ethnic, and gender groups which demonstrated an increased likelihood of Hispanic males and African American females to receive alcohol testing, but did not identify any systematic attempt at racial bias; this study, though, did determine that females of all races were less likely than males to test positive for alcohol and drugs (Marcin et al., 2003). "
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The Breadth and Prevalence of Adolescent Substance Abuse, 2008.
A discussion on the issue of substance abuse in adolescents, including some factors that contribute to this behavior and suggested treatments.
13,942 words (approx. 55.8 pages), 72 sources, APA, AU$ 400.95
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Abstract
This paper is made up of two chapters that provide a general overview of adolescent substance abuse, followed by a discussion of some of the more salient societal implications involved. An analysis of some of the more common types of substances currently abused by American adolescents is followed by a discussion of the various factors that have been shown to contribute to adolescent substance abuse behaviors as well as some behaviors that have been shown to mediate such risk. The second chapter provides a description and overview of what steps clinicians should follow in formulating treatment plans for adolescent substance abusers and the four primary types of interventions used in the treatment of adolescent substance abuse in use in the United States today. The paper also includes tables and diagrams for reference.
Outline:
Introduction
General Overview
Types of Substances Typically Abused by Adolescents
Tobacco Abuse by Adolescents
Alcohol Abuse by Adolescents
Inhalants as Abused Substances
Marijuana Use among Adolescents
Statistics/Incidence of Adolescent Substance Abuse
Societal Implications
Treatment Programs for Adolescent Substance Abuse, Including Effectiveness or Lack Thereof
Introduction
Family-Therapy
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
12-Step Programs
Motivational Interviewing
Chapter Summary
Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations
From the Paper
"The breadth of the problem under consideration is vast and its economic consequences enormous because substance abuse describes the destructive or harmful use of alcohol and other drugs in any situation. Therefore, substance abuse includes not only drinking or drug use by individuals who, because of their social, emotional, or genetic heritage, use alcohol and other drugs compulsively or without control, but also any drinking or drug use that potentially endangers the drinker or others (Ammerman, Ott & Tarter, 1999). These facets will be described in greater detail in the section on "Societal Implications," following the section entitled, Types of Substances Typically Abused by Adolescents, and the section entitled Statistics/Incidence of Adolescent Substance Abuse."
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Substance Abuse Intervention, 2002.
Explores two models of intervention for substance abuse offenders.
2,061 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 105.95
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Abstract
Substance abuse can be looked at in two distinctly different ways. One of these is a medical model, examining the physical aspects of a person?s biological make-up that compel or make it relatively easy for him or her to become psychologically and sometimes physically dependent upon some substance to the extent that the person is unable to manage their lives without the drug. The paper shows that often substance abuse is the same as substance dependence or addiction, when a person has a compulsion to take a drug in order to experience its psychological (or physical) effects. Addiction is a severe form of dependence, existing when the drug has produced physiological changes in the body, as evidenced by the development of tolerance and of a withdrawal syndrome after the drug's effects have worn off.
The paper shows that while this is a very useful model, it is not the one that is generally referred to when people speak of substance abuse. What is generally being referred to by that term is the psychological and social costs incurred by individuals ? and inflicted on their intimates and acquaintances ? when they are unable to use certain legal drugs wisely and in moderation and/or when they use certain illegal drugs at all. This paper examines two models of intervention for substance abuse offenders after a brief general discussion of the issue of substance abuse. The models discussed are (1) a total institution program that regulates every aspect of substance abusers lives to provide them with a community and norms that do not include substance abuse and, (2) the broadcasting of anti-drug messages on the television and other forms of media.
From the Paper
"Other critics are also concerned that the anti-drug media messages aren't tough enough to reach kids who are already in trouble. In one study with four focus groups conducted early this year at various Department of Juvenile Justice facilities in Maryland, juvenile offenders were asked about the ads. Many said that they had seen the ads, but were not impressed by them, believing that the commercials were both overly dramatic and not true to life ? presenting an image of drug use that looked as if it had been cooked up by government officials trying to scare children rather than by people who knew the realities of substance abuse (Teinowitz, 1999, p. 29)."
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Adolescent Substance Abuse, 2008.
A research paper discussing the breadth and prevalence of adolescent substance abuse.
9,571 words (approx. 38.3 pages), 48 sources, MLA, AU$ 315.95
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Abstract
In this research, the writer provides a general overview of adolescent substance abuse, followed by a discussion of some of the more salient societal implications involved. A description of the statistics concerning adolescent substance abuse and its incidence among various groups is followed by a discussion of social identity theory, group affiliation and their respective influence on adolescent substance abuse patterns. An analysis of some of the more common types of substances currently abused by American adolescents is then followed by a discussion of the various factors that have been shown to contribute to adolescent substance abuse behaviors as well as some behaviors that have been shown to mediate such risk.
Outline:
Introduction
General Overview
Types of Substances Typically Abused by Adolescents
Marijuana Use among Adolescents
Statistics/Incidence of Adolescent Substance Abuse
Societal Implications
Treatment Programs for Adolescent Substance Abuse, Including Effectiveness or Lack Thereof
Introduction
Family-Therapy
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
12-Step Programs
Motivational Interviewing
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Parents and other adult caregivers therefore stand out as the primary factors that can either contribute to the incidence of adolescent substance abuse or help encourage young people to avoid such behaviors. Parents can also influence adolescent substance abuse indirectly through their impact on peer group selection. Therefore, the relational patterns that exist within the family and peer group systems appear to represent an important consideration in the development of efficacious treatment protocols for adolescent substance abuse.
"Unfortunately, many young people come from homes where adult substance abuse is a matter of course, and it would appear reasonable to assert that such adults have little incentive or the resources they need to provide their children with the guidance they need during this formative period in their lives. Moreover, there was a distinct downward spiral quality to these behaviors that make early interventions absolutely critical because the more young people engage in such behaviors, the harder it is to effect change, not to mention the increased risk these young people run of becoming yet another grim statistic related to adolescent substance abuse in the United States today."
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Psychological Aspects of Substance Abuse, 2001.
This paper examines the psychological damage and aspects of drug and alcohol abuse.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 13 sources, AU$ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes and examines substance abuse and substance dependence. In Part II, characteristics of substance abuse and substance dependence are addressed. Part III examines the psychiatric aspects of substance abuse. Finally, this paper concludes with a way to improve the awareness and treatment of psychiatric disorders and substance abuse.
From the paper:
"Substance abuse greatly impacts many, if not all, aspects of an individual's life and is typically linked to behavioral, economic, educational, legal, medical, psychological, public health, and social problems. In the past 10-15 years, attention has been increasingly focused on the correlation between psychiatric disorders and substance abuse. Numerous researchers have discovered a strong contemporaneous relationship between psychiatric disorders and substance abuse in both clinical and general population samples of adolescents and adults."
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Adolescent Substance Abuse, 2008.
An analysis of the breadth and prevalence of adolescent substance abuse.
5,537 words (approx. 22.1 pages), 60 sources, APA, AU$ 217.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a general overview of adolescent substance abuse, including the types of substances typically abused by adolescents. These substances include tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and inhalants. A description of the statistics and incidence concerning adolescent substance abuse among various groups is presented, followed by a discussion of some of the more salient societal implications involved.
Outline:
Introduction
General Overview
Types of Substances Typically Abused by Adolescents
Marijuana Use Among Adolescents
Statistics/Incidence of Adolescent Substance Abuse
Societal Implications
From the Paper
"While many of the studies to date have focused on age of onset, heavy episodic consumption and trend over time, there remains a paucity of research concerning specific variables that can predict why some adolescents progress from light experimentation (drinking outside the home on several occasions, but always fewer than five drinks per occasion) to heavier episodic-type drinking (five or more drinks per occasion) (Gonzalez et al., 2004). To this end, these authors used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), which they describe as "a large, national, longitudinal survey of approximately 18,000 adolescents in Grade 7 through 12--we identified a population of adolescent who, as reported at a baseline assessment, had drunk alcohol outside their homes but had not engaged in heavy episodic drinking" (Gonzalez et al., 2004, p. 494). These same adolescents were reinterviewed a year later and data from these interviews were then used as a basis for identifying specific variables that can be reasonably associated with the transition to heavy episodic drinking (Gonzalez et al., 2004). "
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