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Theories of Carl Rogers, 2008.
A presentation of the arguments in support and opposition of Carl Roger's therapy methods.
2,329 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 114.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the psychology theories of Carl Rogers. It also presents the characteristics of the fully functioning person, according to Rogers. The paper provides arguments in favor of and in opposition to Roger's therapy methods. Finally, the paper shows how his methods have the ability of assisting many individuals throughout society, particularly within Irish society.
From the Paper
"This approach to counseling can be difficult because the therapist is not tasked with discovering a solution to the issues that pertain to the client's life, but is required to simple understand the person at that moment in time. Rogers (1946) contended that if the therapist were capable of accomplishing this task then the patient would complete the work needed to find resolutions to the issues surrounding him or her. In the process of understanding the individual, therefore, the therapist becomes open to accepting the situation at that point in time, rather than accumulating judgments that are the result of data gathered over the life span of the person. Furthermore, when the therapist focuses on only that moment, the therapist can empathize with the individual to a greater degree because the tendency to judge is erased. Only the situation is significant during the therapy session (Rogers, 1946, sec. 4)."
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Carl Rogers and Person-Centered Theory, 2007.
This paper examines many aspects of Carl Rogers' person-centered theory.
1,775 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the impact of Carl Rogers' person-centered theory on society. The author also considers the application of the theory as it relates to family, groups, interpersonal relationships, and conflict resolution. The goal of the theory and how its techniques are used in therapy is also discussed. The paper compares person-centered theory to other psychological theories, including a historical perspective. All of these issues are important and significant for a complete understanding of what person-centered theory really is and how it applies to many various facets of life.
From the Paper
"The primary issue in Carl Rogers' person-centered theory is what he terms the "actualizing tendency" (Rogers, 1980). This term refers to what is considered to be the inherent and the immutable tendency of all organisms, of course including human beings, to do many different things, including grow, expand, develop, differentiate, maintain themselves, restore themselves and realize their natures as much as they are able to and as well as they are able to under the circumstances that they are given (Barrett-Lennard, 1998). This actualizing tendency is seen as the basic characteristic of all organic life, including human life. Rogers (1980) expresses these ideas very well in stating that "The actualizing tendency can ... be thwarted or warped, but it cannot be destroyed without destroying the organism" (Rogers, 1980, p. I 19). "
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Carl Rogers, 1983.
This paper discusses Carl Rogers, his life and the theory of personality that he developed, client-centered therapy, and contrasts his theory with other theorists.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 89.95
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From the Paper
"The subject is Carl Rogers, his life and the theory of personality that he developed. Rogers is one of the best known of the organismic theorists and has also achieved recognition as a therapist. In his work, he emphasizes the private world of the individual, the world of experience, and he calls this world the phenomenal field. The behavior of the individual is determined by his perceptions and interpretations. In order to understand the behavior of a person, therefore, it is essential to know how the matter looks subjectively to that person ... points out that Carl Rogers, unlike the better known psychologists with whom his name is associated, such as Maslow, Perls, Buhler, and Fromm, is a product of midwestern America rather than an immigrant background, and he has roots ... "
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Sigmund Freud and Carl Rogers, 2005.
This papers compares psychologists Sigmund Freud and Carl Rogers.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 12 sources, AU$ 171.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that evaluating and comparing human personality theories requires an examination of the history of psychology and an appraisal of the most prominent theorists. The author points out that Sigmund Freud and Carl Rogers have influenced psychology profoundly with distinctly different approaches to therapy. The paper explains that Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis and Carl Rogers' humanistic therapy each have their strengths and weaknesses, but humanistic psychology seems to have much greater potential than Freudian analysis.
From the Paper
"In evaluating personality theory, it is important to examine the professional history and experiences of the theorists themselves, for these factors inevitably influence the formulation of their theories. We are all products of our own distinctive life experiences, and famous psychologists are no exception. Sigmund Freud and Carl Rogers were each influenced consciously and subconsciously by their own unique heredity, their respective professional environments, and a host of other personal, educational, and professional circumstances and events. The respective theories of personality they each constructed reflect all of these influences. Robbins (1999) notes that psychoanalysis was founded by Sigmund Freud more than a century ago."
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Carl Rogers, 2008.
An analysis of the background and achievements of the American psychologist, Carl Rogers.
982 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Carl Rogers, a prominent American psychologist who is best known for being one of the founding fathers of the humanist approach to psychology. The paper discusses Rogers' personal background and focuses on his achievements in the realm of psychology. The paper looks at the highlights of his career, including books that he wrote and studies that he conducted.
From the Paper
"Rogers' person-centered approach focused on the development of the individual personality. According to Rogers, the personality is something that developed in principles rather than stages, with the main issue being the development of a self-concept and the progression from an undifferentiated self to being a completely differentiated individual. According to Rogers, a fully functioning individual would exhibit such characteristics as a growing openness to experience (or a move away from defensiveness), along with an increasingly existential lifestyle where the individual lives each moment fully and does not distort the moment in order to fit their personality or self concept but instead lets their personality emanate from their experiences."
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Carl Rogers, 2006.
A discussion on Carl Rogers' person-centered therapy.
1,145 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Carl Rogers and person centered therapy. Rogers' theory is that an accurate and positive self-concept is critical for the development of self-growth. The paper examines person-centered therapy, a therapy involving a mirroring of the client's expressed experience back to them with an emphasis on the client's immediate conscious experience, the central aim of this therapy is to free the individual by removing obstacles so that the client can become independent and self-directed through normal growth and development. The paper concludes that this approach to therapy would be especially effective for detox counselors, who work to promote a change in behavior for individuals with substance abuse issues, the core of these problems is an inaccurate self-perception that prevents individuals from clearly seeing their true feelings and motivations. The paper suggests that person-centered therapy may enable these individuals to understand where their addiction issues are stemming from and to discover their potential for personal growth and change.
From the Paper
"Rogers explained that there are three distinctive elements that characterize person centered therapy, including predictability, the discovery of the capacity of the client, and the person centered nature of the relationship between the client and the therapist (Rogers, 1946). With regards to predictability, Rogers (1946) described how there is a predictable chain of events that occurs in person-centered therapy that unfolds when certain conditions are met in the therapeutic environment."
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Carl Rogers, 1991.
This paper discusses the life and method of counseling and therapy of Carl Rogers, psychologist and scholar.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, AU$ 102.95
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From the Paper
"This paper will begin with a brief overview of the life and contributions of Carl Rogers, psychologist and scholar. It will focus specifically on the way he transformed the practice of psychotherapy. It will then turn to a central analysis of one of Rogers' most famous and influential works, "On Becoming A Person. Finally, the paper will conclude with an analysis of the implications of Rogers' works and speculate on the trends established by this prolific writer, scholar, and intellectual.
The entire professional career of Carl Rogers was devoted to enhancing human communication. In his work, he strove to understand and promote human relationships and was an active professional from the mid.1920s until his death in 1987. As a psychologist, Rogers accomplished an extraordinary number of things. He pioneered a major new approach to psychotherapy,... "
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Carl Rogers and Client-Centered Therapy, 1978.
This paper reviews psychological literature to discuss the philosophy, methods and effectiveness of humanist, non-directive therapy techniques; focus is on Carl Rogers.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 18 sources, AU$ 179.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to review some of the literature dealing with client-centered therapy. Client-centered counseling and therapy was a radical departure from the field of therapy. It began in December 1940 when Carl R. Rogers, its leading exponent, presented a paper on the attitude and orientation of the counselor at the University of Minnesota. The paper later became a chapter in Rogers' controversial book, Counseling and Psychotherapy (1942). Basically Rogers proposed that therapy be nondirective rather than the current practice of directive techniques.
Counseling and Psychotherapy, unlike other writings, was almost entirely theory-free and empirical in tone. Controversy ensuing from the publication of Rogers' book has not yet subsided. The development of theory and research in all areas ... "
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Carl Rogers and Therapy, 2004.
An overview of the Rogerian theory of personality development.
700 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 39.95
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Abstract
In Rogerian therapy, the therapist enters into the client's ?phenomenological world? and, in mirroring this world, the therapist does not disagree, point out contradictions, or delve into the unconscious. This paper explains the key ideas of Carl Rogers's theory of personality development. It examines a 1995 study, which hypothesized that empathy is positively related to creativity and expressiveness and links the findings of this study to Rogers's theory.
From the Paper
"The results provided support for the hypotheses that empathy (affective sensitivity) is ?positively related to creativity and is inversely related to dogmatism,? but does not support the hypothesized positive relationship between empathy and expressiveness (Carlozzi, Bull 1995).The findings suggest that ?more creative individuals are more empathic that less creative individuals?the sensitivity that creative people manifest toward environmental stimuli may include affect experienced by other people in their environment? (Carlozzi, Bull 1995). Moreover, it supported the hypothesis that less dogmatic or more open-minded individuals are more empathic than dogmatic or closed-minded persons, due to the fact that open-minded individuals are ?less likely to distort incoming messages, their perceptions of affective messages communicated by others may be more accurate? (Carlozzi, Bull 1995)."
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Albert Ellis & Carl Rogers, 1997.
Compares psychologists' views on personality & abnormal behavior. Cognitive vs. phenomenological approaches, psychopathology, childhood and self-actualization.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, AU$ 76.95
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From the Paper
" Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to review two models of personality and abnormal behavior: (1) the cognitive model of Albert Ellis (Ellis, 1979, 1989), and (2) the phenomenological model of Carl Rogers (Rogers, 1961, 1972, 1977). Each models is discussed in terms of its position regarding normal personalty development or normal mental health, and its position regarding the development of psychopathology.
This discussion of normal and abnormal processes is followed by a section in which similarities and differences between the two models are delineated. The final section of the paper presents a commentary in which the strengths and weaknesses of each model are addressed.
Albert Ellis' Cognitive Model.."
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Rogers? Theory of Personality., 2005.
An evaluation of Rogers' theory of personality.
1,606 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Carl Ransom Rogers (1902 -1987) was the forefather of client centered therapy and how his approach was humanistic and how he believed that all individuals had the basic capacity for good. In particular, it critically appraises his theory of personality.
Outline
Actualizing Tendency
Self
Self - Actualizing Tendency
Organismic Valuing and Conditions of Worth
Fully Functioning Person and the Self
The Maladjusted Person
Evaluation of Rogers' Theory of Personality
From the Paper
"As Rogers' theory of personality was compiled by means of his clinical work and his work on client centered therapy there have been questions raised as to how free from professional bias the research is. In any research that is carried out in psychology it is possible that results can be manipulated merely by facial or verbal expressions that are displayed by the researcher. Psychologists have questioned how much of the information in therapy has come from the clients and how much the therapist has influenced the individual."
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Psychological Theories, 2002.
This paper discusses the theories of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Carl Rogers' theoretical approach, which is sympathetic with phenomenology and existentialism. The author points out that the self and the "total organism" are the cornerstones of Rogerian theory. The author explains that Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs in comparison with Rogers' theory.
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Psychological Theories Comparison, 2004.
A comparison of the psychoanalytical theory of Sigmund Freud and the social cognition theory of Carl Rogers.
921 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
Psychologists have researched personality disorders and have formulated different theories, presenting their own reasoning as established via comprehensive research over a lifetime. This paper examines similarities and contrasts between the psychoanalytical theory of Sigmund Freud and social cognition theory of Carl Rogers. It explains that they are both recognized figures in the field of psychoanalysis and that both the theories are logical and applicable in varied circumstances.
From the Paper
"Sigmund Freud was a one of the most eminent psychologists of all times. Freud is termed as the father of psychoanalysis. His theory of psychoanalysis entails the conscious and the unconscious. The conscious is what we are aware of like one?s present perceptions, memories, thoughts, feelings etc. The unconscious is the memory that can be easily recalled. However, these entail the smaller part of the mind, the larger part consists of the unconscious, which includes all the things that are not easily available to the conscious mind. These include our drives and instincts."
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The Theories of Karen Horney, 2007.
A comparison of the theories of Karen Horney, with those of Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, Erick Fromm and Carl Rogers.
3,112 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 145.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the theories of Karen Horney, who was the first female psychologist of any note in a time when all of the great theorists were men. Her theories sought to uncover the causes of neuroses. The paper explores the theoretical basis of Horney's theories and then compares them to those of her contemporaries, particularly Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, Erick Fromm and Carl Rogers.
Table of Contents:
Theory of Neurotic Needs
Horney and Freud
Alfred Adler
Erick Fromm
Carl Rogers
Discussion
From the Paper
"Horney, Freud and Adler focused on childhood as the source of experiences that lead to neuroses. However, there was not mention in any of the theories as to whether they felt that this was the only time when neuroses developed, or whether one could develop these differences between expectations and what one felt later in life. This was a major point that was left out of almost every major theory and represents a major flaw in Horney's theory as well. It is not known if she felt that the only time to develop neuroses was in childhood.
Horney, Rogers, and Fromm emphasized that each and every person has an idea of how and what they should be. However, this view may not be realistic or attainable. The difference between normalcy and neurosis is the ability to achieve the final goal. One example of this is the perfectionist that never feels that what they do is good enough. They will never achieve their expectations and there will always be inconsistency in what they believe they should be and what they are."
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Historical Overview of Four Major Counseling Theories, 2006.
A discussion on the advantages of four counseling theories, primarily by Sigmund Freud, B.F. Skinner and Carl Rogers.
1,288 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses four major counselling theories and how these can be applied to a patient. It discusses psychoanalysis by Sigmund Freud, behaviourism by B. F. Skinner and the humanistic theory by Carl Rogers, as well as a human-centered theory. The paper then discusses the advantages of the concept of multiculturalism in therapy.
Table of Contents:
Psychoanalysis
Behaviorism
Humanistic Theory
Multiculturalism
From the Paper
"One strength of the therapy is that clients tend to enjoy and feel more in control of the process than analysis and behaviorist therapies, and the relationship between the client and therapist is more natural and more akin to ordinary social interaction. Finding one's identity, true feelings, and attitude is also a more social process during the session than the purely individually directed psychoanalytic processes that pre-existed this therapy, or the therapist-driven theory of behaviorism. Client-centered therapy also places a greater stress of finding meaning in one's life in a larger philosophic context."
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Advertising and Psychological Theory, 2002.
Addresses a specific commerical according to the theories of Sigmund Freud and Carl Rogers.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
The theories of Carl Rogers and Sigmund Freud are often used to address the role of the individual within society, where these two psychologists worked to assess the properties of human needs through investigating the factors that most greatly affected their inner psyches. Commercials, similarly, are believed to target the audience through addressing commonalities found within human nature and within society as a whole. This paper shall first present a brief summary of the commercial and then compare and contrast the symbols found within that commercial to the works of Rogers and Freud.
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