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Samba: The Musical Lifeblood of Brazil, 2002.
This paper examines the history of the popular dance and music style in Brazil, the Samba.
2,227 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 110.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the cultural underpinnings and history of one of the most popular dance and music styles in Brazil - Samba. The importance of this music in daily life is emphasized, as well as the religious and popular overtones, such as the annual Carnival. The paper also includes an interview with Jon Agasse, a guitarist and percussionist with a samba ensemble living in Los Angeles.
From the Paper
"The crowd of almost one hundred thousand is restless. The night is moist, hot, and alive with a feeling in the air so palpable you can almost trace it with your finger. The bleachers are filled to maximum capacity, along a mile-long stretch of paved roadway adjacent to an old brewery. People from all races, classes, and countries are celebrating together at the culmination of the orgiastic, pre-Lenten, hedonistic festival of Carnival. Soon, the first marchers proceed down the corridor to the booming cacophony of bass, snare, and friction drums. The rattling of tambourines, bells, and scrapers add flavor and accent. Like a bird set free, the singing cavaquinho (ukulele) emits its high pitched cries, adding to the frenzy. The marchers and dancers, with their quick, physical movements, undulating hips and heel steps, embody the living sound. It is time for the annual celebration once again in Brazil, time for Carnival, a time once again for the ultimate physical expression of joy: Samba."
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Brazilian Music, 2007.
A discussion of the forms of music popular in Brazil today.
2,217 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 109.95
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Abstract
The paper illustrates how music is the heart of Brazil and is the foundation for many of Brazil's festivities and a focal point for religious ceremonies. The paper shows how, as the universal language, music reaches across all cultural and socio-economic boundaries and no where is this more true than in Brazil. The paper discusses Samba, the most internationally famous form of Brazilian music and the Bossa Nova genre that has become very popular within the international community. The paper contends that throughout the decades, Brazilian music has managed to attain and retain its original ethnic expression and continues to represent the heart of Brazil.
From the Paper
"The 1578 "Journey to the Land of Brazil" by Jean De Lery, a French Calvinist pastor, is the source for the earliest known descriptions of Brazilian music, in which he describes the dances and transcribed the music of the Tupi people (Music). In 1587, Gabriel Soares de Sousa's "Tratado Descritivo do Brasil" depicts the music of several native Brazilian ethnic groups, including the Tamoios and Tupinambas (Music). Portugal's King Joao VI, who was a lover of music, spent a good deal of time in Brazil, and even sent for prominent European musicians to join him (Music). Among these musicians were Austrian pianist Sigismund von Neukomm and composer Marcos Portugal, while local Brazilian musician, Jose Mauricio Nunes Garcia, an organist and clavichordist, was appointed Inspector to the Royal Chapel (Music)."
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| Essay # 100829 |
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Brazil's Socioeconomic Structures, 2002.
Historical account of slavery in Brazil and how it established Brazils' socioeconomic structure.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 23 sources, AU$ 184.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Brazil's socioeconomic structure that was founded on slavery. During the colonial period from 1550 to 1880, rapid growth of the Brazilian economy occurred because of the convergence of several factors. The sugar industry was synonymous with the early economy.
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The Samba, 2006.
A book report on "Samba" by Alma Guillermoprieto's and the understanding of Brazilian society Guillermoprieto obtained by learning about the Samba.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a report on the book, "Samba", by Alma Guillermoprieto, noting how the author develops a view of Brazilian society through one of the institutions in that society, the samba school, which she reports on first hand by spending a year learning the dance and becoming steeped in the culture of the samba and the carnival when thousands of samba dancers meet.
From the Paper
"The samba schools she describes come from the poorest areas of Brazil, the favelas, poor sections of the city of Rio on the hills around the core of that city. In her discussion, she shows how this particular institution relates to the people, to the tradition of carnival, and to ideas of social cohesion and even the form and structure of crime in the country. A little research shows much about Brazil, much that is illustrated in a different way in Guillermoprieto's narrative."
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Samba, 2005.
A discussion of the roots of the samba dance.
2,215 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that as a dance form, Samba was rooted in the African heritage of the slaves the Portuguese brought to till the lands of their newest conquest, Brazil. Ripe in their own culture, the slaves outwitted their keepers by celebrating their own culture under the guise of party and dance; popular continued dedication to the holy forms of traditional culture invoked the preservation of the sensual dance form. The writer points out that as the world scene grew more international and Brazil developed its own government separate of the European thrones, Samba was encouraged on a national level for patriotic reasons, spread internationally for the beauty that had been suppressed for centuries, supporting its power to overcome racial segregation through simple movements.
From the Paper
"The power-hungry political motivations of Vargas did not detract from the many advances he made in the country and the society as a whole; his attention to the power of the people remains unvanquished. By providing financial and governmental support to those dedicated enough to the dance of Samba, he achieved not only an image of native power but also succeeded in popularizing a culture that had been ignored and suppressed by its rulers for centuries. Vargas played upon the political theme that Brazil was a racial democracy, where Afro-Brazilian heritage could not only be accepted but received the honor it was due."
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Surgical Gloves in Brazil, 1999.
Considers exporting gloves to Brazil. Product, overview of Brazil's economics & healthcare industry, co. ownership. demand, marketing, forecast. Includes a table.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 177.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
Brazil is one of the markets in Latin America that companies from around the world have viewed with a mixture of anticipation and anxiety. The company's population, high level of education, and relatively stable political environment present an attractive opportunity to those companies who want to export goods to Brazil, but until recently, the country's internal economic environment was highly volatile and not conducive to long-term market growth. Following dramatic economic reform in the last several years, the country has emerged as a strong market which enjoys foreign trade with the United States, Asia and Europe: the United States received 19 percent of the nation's exported goods in 1996, and was responsible for 25 percent of the goods imported to Brazil during the same year. This research considers how one company.."
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Slavery and Race Relations in Brazil and US, 2005.
Evaluates the institution of slavery in both Brazil and the US, including abolition and the civil rights movement.
2,913 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 137.95
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Abstract
Slavery has existed throughout history in many different societies, but it was not until the Atlantic Slave Trade transporting massive numbers of Africans to the newly settled colonies of the Americas, that the institution of slavery took place on such a large scale. Unique to slavery occurring anywhere prior, slavery in the Americas became a key necessity to survival in the New World. This paper shows how the United States and Brazil account for a large part of the population of blacks. In fact, with the exception of the small island countries of the Caribbean, on the two continents of the New World, no other counts as large a number or as large a proportion of blacks in its population as do the United States or Brazil. This paper shows that in both countries, Africans were introduced and held as slaves for most of their histories, and Brazil and the United States were the two largest slave societies of modern times. Labor demands for work on the sugar plantations, cotton fields, tobacco lands, coffee regions and the mining industry in Brazil, and the rice areas, cotton fields and tobacco plantations in the United States (specifically the South) constituted the need for slave labor in both regions. The paper shows that although the institutions of slavery in these two countries had many similarities, there are many distinct characteristics that differ greatly from each other. From the years of slavery, to emancipation and continuing on to the more recent movements toward equality among the black and white races; Brazil and the United States have taken different paths based on the unique circumstances each country has faced.
From the Paper
"Although the treatment of slaves in Brazil was harsher than in the United States, manumission, the practice of freeing slaves, occurred more frequently in Brazil. Slaves that were no longer useful to Brazilian masters were often freed to save the expense of caring for them. The relationship between slave and master differed greatly between the two countries. Although Brazil and the United States were both settled by Europeans, the cultural customs of the English (that settled America) and the Portuguese (which settled Brazil) varied eminently from each other. When the Portuguese settled Brazil, there were very few women that accompanied the men. There was a very unbalance ratio of men and women, which led the Portuguese men to have sexual relations with slave women."
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Brazil, 2008.
This paper looks briefly at the history, economy and literature of Brazil.
986 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
The writer presents his research on the country of Brazil that portrays Brazil as a powerful, massive nation, with a diversity of people and a history of interesting literature. The writer discusses the injustices that have taken place in this nation and the rampant deforestation of the Amazon rainforests. The writer then looks at two examples of Brazilian literature.
Outline:
Researching Brazil
Personal Reflective Response
What I Learned
From the Paper
"Brazil is an enormous country, covering 3.3 million square miles, with approximately 183 million people living within its sprawling boundaries, according to the BBC News (http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk). In fact Brazil is the largest and most influential nation in South America, and it takes up nearly half of the entire continent. It is the eighth largest economy in the world, and is a major producer of soybeans, sugarcane, coffee, rice, wheat, cotton, oranges, cocoa, and Brazil supplies the world with beef from its large cattle ranches in the south and western regions of the country. The Brazilian coastline is 4,500 miles long, and much of this region consists of very fertile land suitable for farming."
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Inflation And External Debt In Brazil, 2002.
Discusses the problem of Brazil's persisting high inflation over a long period of time, and large foreign debt.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 9 sources, AU$ 139.95
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Abstract
Discusses problem of Brazil's persisting high inflation over a long period of time, and large foreign debt. Examaines the current situation of Brazil's unbalanced economy. Brazil's attempts to reduce inflation. Identifies origins of Brazil's economic problem. Government plans and failure to stabilize the economy. Brazilian theory of "intertial" inflation.
From the Paper
"TRAPPED IN INEQUALITY?
Persisting Inflation and External Debt in Brazil
Introduction
No other nation has experience so much inflation, persistantly, over a long period as Brazil has. Hyperinflation in other countries has produced astronomical price increases, but hyperinflation is a shortlived process, whereas Brazil's inflation has operated for decades. Brazil also has a long history of high foreign debt, going back to the 1920s, and in the early 1990s Brazil had the world's largest external debt, at a level of about $118 billion."
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Railroads in Southern Brazil, 2002.
Examines the role of railroads in the economic development of southern Brazil from 1875 to 1930.
1,778 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 91.95
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Abstract
Railroads were first constructed in southern Brazil to serve primarily as growing coffee production industry in S?o Paulo state. Railroad growth in the region, however, facilitated the growth and development of other economic activities such as communication and agriculture. In its early stages of development, Brazil's socioeconomic activities were separated. According to the paper, railroads developed in response to the needs of an agrarian economy but served also to support the development of industry in Southern Brazil. The paper argues that the railroad aided in the integration of the economies of the states in southern Brazil.
From the Paper
"According to Poppino, because of the economic ascendance of Southern Brazil from the late-nineteenth century through 1920, which was facilitated by railroad development, "the locus of political power shifted permanently to the South, where S?o Paulo became the economic heart of the country, and a new class of industrialists, drawn from immigrants and the land holding elite, competed with plantation owners for prestige and political influence. Railroads, thus, developed in response to the needs of an agrarian economy but served also to support the development of industry in Southern Brazil."
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Brazil and the FTAA, 2008.
A comprehensive evaluation of the Free Trade Area of the Americas(FTAA) and its potential positive outcomes for Brazil and the global community.
11,988 words (approx. 48.0 pages), 45 sources, APA, AU$ 369.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the impact of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) agreement on Brazil. The paper examines NAFTA as a working model and its influence on and benefit for Mexico and their economy. The paper evaluates various trade structures and associations relative to the potential impact of the FTAA for Brazil and South America. The paper explores the benefits and the negatives of a potential FTAA and focuses on several impediments to its further adoption in the region and by Brazil specifically.
Outline:
Introduction
Background of the FTAA
Economic History in South America: Brazil in the Twentieth and Twenty First Centuries
Trade Models
Future of the FTAA
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Brazil has long been a highly populated and growing nation within South America. However, it generally has not been recognized for its substantial positioning in the world market or its cultural strength among Latin American people. In the 1990s, however, Brazil began to be recognized as a significant inclusion in the world market because of its collaboration in creating the Mercosur agreement with other South American countries. As Mercosur began to be realized the United States offered the Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA) with the intention that it would have the same results for Brazil that NAFTA had for both Canada and Mexico."
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Conceptualism in Brazil Under Military Rule, 2005.
Outlines conceptualism in Brazil during the 1960s and how it was affected by military rule.
1,722 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 88.95
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Abstract
The 1960s in Brazil were revolutionary times. However, most of this progress halted under a new dictatorship. In 1964, a right wing military coup took control of Brazil, bringing with it an extreme level of censorship of both artists and intellectuals. This paper outlines the effect this dictatorship had on Brazil's contemporary art movement.
From the Paper
"At the end of 1968, the Institutional Act #5 was set in place. This act gave the president dictatorial powers, dissolved Congress and state legislatures, suspended the constitution, and imposed censorship. For culture, this meant strict censorship of artistic events, and the persecution and imprisonment of intellectuals and artists. This was a very heavy blow to artists, as they had to watch their steps even more. Soon after Vladimir Herzog, a journalist accused of subversion, was murdered in prison by the military police, Cildo Meireles began creating his "Insertions into Ideological Circuits" in order to create a system for the circulation and exchange of information that did not depend on any kind of centralized control."
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Brazil's Economy, 2006.
This paper details Brazil's economic history which is marked by a succession of cycles, each based on the exploitation of a single export commodity.
1,829 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 93.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper examines Brazil's economy from the 16th century to the present. This paper focuses on U.S. investment which is concentrated heavily in the transportation equipment, food, chemicals, petroleum distribution and electronic equipment industries. The writer discusses Brazil's various exports including timber, precious metals, sugarcane and coffee. This paper also touches on Brazil's privatization program which was initiated in 1990 to reduce the size of the government and improve public sector fiscal balances.
From the Paper
"As of July 1994, Brazil's new currency, the real, is linked to the country's international reserves. In the second area of concern--trade reform-import tariffs were considerably reduced. The average tariff came down from 32 percent in 1990 to 14 percent as of July 1993, and the maximum tariff was brought down from 105 percent to 35 percent. Moreover, all quantitative restrictions to trade were eliminated, making Brazil one of the very few countries in the world with no quantitative barriers to imports."
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Brazil, 2007.
This paper discusses the political and economic growth of Brazil.
811 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that the Federal Republic of Brazil is the largest country in Latin America and has experienced great political and economic change like many of its neighbors. The paper discusses how despite the fact that Brazil continues to struggle with fully implementing democracy, securing human rights and bolstering the economy, it has made significant steps in its thirty years of democratic rule. The paper explains that Brazil's participation in international and regional political and economic groups secures its position as a nation poised to grow and prosper throughout the 21st century.
From the Paper
"The government of Brazil has followed a similar path to many other nations. The European nation of Portugal claimed Brazil in 1500 and ruled it until Brazil's independence in 1822. Despite its independence, Brazil was still ruled by Portuguese emperors until 1889 when a federal republic was established. A constitutional republic ruled from 1889-1930 until a military coup established Getulio Vargas as dictator until 1945. A string of presidents ensued until the early 1960s when it was apparent that major change was necessary. The country struggled with "high inflation, economic stagnation, and the increasing influence of radical political elements" (Pearson 3)."
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"The Mystery of Samba", 2002.
A review of Hermano Vianna's "The Mystery of Samba".
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
A book report on Herman Vianna's "The Mystery of Samba", a cultural anthropology study of music in Brazil, particularly the use of 'racially-mixed' culture as a symbol for all of Brazilian culture.
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