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Sacred Vs. Secular Music, 2004.
An examination of the evolution of sacred and secular music from the medieval period to the beginning of the Renaissance period.
1,878 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the contrast and overlap of sacred and secular music spans their entire history and how, although their developments, accomplishments, and features are for the most part dissimilar, there are elements in both types of music that give sacred and secular music some common ground. It examines the differences and similarities of both forms of music by looking at two pieces of music: Franco of Cologne's "Psallt Chorus" and Adam de la Halle's "He, Diex! Quant Verrai ".
From the Paper
"As the church music became more solidified, composers looked for other ways of being creative. Taken from the idea of the gloss, or adding notes, further discussions, and expansions of principals to the liturgy, composers came up with the idea of the trope in the ninth century. The trope is the addition of extra musical ideas to the end of an established chant. Since once a chant was established, it could not be altered, the trope was a way to work with existing ideas and improve upon them. Some of the tropes became their own separate movements in the church repertoire, and were called sequences. Through the next three centuries, the number of sequences grew to over four thousand. Finally, in the sixteenth century, the Council of Trent abolished all but four sequences."
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Sacred Music, 2005.
This paper explains, using examples from ancient religions and from Judaism and Christianity, that sacred music is a way to bolster the message of divine communication.
1,950 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 99.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that today sacred music plays a significant role in all the world's religions just as, before there were scriptures, sacred songs in the oral traditions of poets and musicians carried the sacred words to the people. The author points out that Judaism has done a better job of preserving its musical heritage than Christianity because Judaism considers the sacred texts as simultaneously inviolate and yet open to further revelation. The paper contends that Protestant music is generally not considered to be the word of God; in the Catholic Church, the sung mass is increasingly being abandoned along with most of the Church's musical history.
From the Paper
"Before pursuing the issue of this change any further, it becomes necessary to step back a moment an analyze the place and value of music in the Catholic Church and in Judaism as it was before the rather radical stripping of such things from worship. (It might be pointed out that music seems to have retained a more prominent place in Jewish than in Christian worship) In the Catholic Church, music historically had a very strong role. The majority of the common people throughout its history only came to understand the theology of their faith fully through the art of the church. Stainglass windows told stories about the Bible, but it was the mass --a musical ritual-- which explained to them the core ideas about salvation."
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Guillaume Dufay Music from Medieval and Renaissance Music, 2006.
An examination of Guillaume Dufay's music and its origins.
34 words (approx. 0.1 pages), 6942 sources, MLA, AU$ 28.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author looks at what Guillaume Dufay's music meant in terms of music history. The author starts with a look at the Gregorian chant from Medieval times which was the main form of sacred music, how it developed and what it gave to modern music. The paper continues with a look at the other forms of music that have developed over the years and contributed to the work of Guillaume Dufay. In particular the author highlights the development of church music in the Renaissance period which, as he points out was the basis for Dufay's music compositions. The author discusses the life and works of Dufay's music as a move towards a clearly defined tonal and functional harmonic structure. The author believes that this helped prepare one of the most important stylistic developments in music of the following century. In conclusion the author reminds us that we are lucky to have the musical pieces that have been curated and restored. A number of Dufay's as well as other composers from that era had masterpieces destroyed because of the political climate.
Outline:
Table of Contents
Introduction
Gregorian Chant
Motet
Troubadour Influence
The Development of Musical Notation
Polyphony
Machaut
Guillaume Dufay a Biography
Dufay's Music
Dufay and Faux-bourdon
Dufay's Motets
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Dufay began composing at a time when musical style was in a period of relative stability and changing that style was not readily accepted. Dufay cannot be thought of as one of the great revolutionaries in Western music; the term 'originality' in the classic sense of the word was not familiar to him. This is not to say, however, that Dufay was in any way lacking of originality or he was in any way reactionary. Quite to the contrary, he played an integral role in the development of faux-bourdon and the cyclic mass. He was one of the first composers to handle four-voice texture with any kind of convincing skill before the end of the 15th century. Furthermore, his attempt to move towards a clearly defined tonal and functional harmonic structure helped prepare one of the most important stylistic developments of the following century. Dufay's works and compositions have come to be known as the supremely polished works of a long period of slow and serene stylistic change."
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"The Sacred Balance", 2002.
A review of chapter eight of "The Sacred Balance" by David Suzuki.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss the book the "Sacred Balance" by David Suzuki, and focus on the topics that are the central theme in Chapter 8. The notion of sacred matter is discussed in this book, and we can seek to understand what Suzuki means by this, the notion of all the elements that play a part in our environment are part of his main theme in this chapter, as well how they integrate into our world. By understanding Suzuki's idea of the four elements, we can see what he trying to convey in this chapter on a spiritual and physical contemplation of this idea.
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Sacred Representation in Film, 2003.
A discusses on sacred representation in modern film.
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 126.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of sacred representation, particularly those that are Christian in nature, in modern film using the movies. The paper uses the films, "Seven," "The Green Mile" and "Dogma" as examples. The paper also includes an annotated bibliography.
From the Paper
"Chris Arthur stated that there are some important questions as yet unanswered as to where film intersects or should intersect with religion in contemporary society Arthur believes that popular film can be an important ..."
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"Sacred Hunger", 2002.
A look at Barry Unsworth's novel, "Sacred Hunger".
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper examines and analyzes internal and external threats in Barry Unsworth's Booker Prize-winning novel, "Sacred Hunger", in which the survivors of a ship-board revolt try to create a humane community in which people can live with each other in mutual respect.
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Jerry Mander's "In the Absence of the Sacred", 2005.
This paper consists of several book reports on a single title Jerry Mander's "In the Absence of the Sacred".
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews Jerry Mander's second book, entitled "In the Absence of the Sacred: The Failure of Technology and the Survival of the Indian Nations". The author points out that this book is categorized as environmental non-fiction book, which offers unique solutions to the problems facing our world today. The paper reviews Mander's book was reviewed in several different ways: A basic review, a cover blurb, and a catalogue entry.
From the Paper
"Jerry Mander's second book, entitled "In the Absence of the Sacred: The Failure of Technology and the Survival of the Indian Nations", takes on a challenging and complex topic and does it in a simple and accessible way. The title says it all, in a way - it expresses what the author wants to cover in his book. Mander is criticizing technology and the role that it has in our society. This is done in the same vein as his previous book, "Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television", but it goes further."
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"Sacred Geography of the Ancient Greeks", 2005.
An analysis of the use of photography and maps in the book "Sacred Geography of the Ancient Greeks" by Jean Richer.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper is a book report on the book "Sacred Geography of the Ancient Greeks" by Jean Richer. The paper notes the way that the author examines astrological symbolism as found in art architecture and landscapes and presents what he finds in terms of the astrological theory accepted by the ancients and then in terms of the way they represented these ideas in their art and architecture. The paper discusses the many photographs and maps of the ancient world that the author makes use of.
From the Paper
"Jean Richer is an academic with a firm grasp of aspects of the ancient world. He has written numerous books aspects of ancient art and the society that produced that art. In the book Sacred Geography of the Ancient Greeks, Richer examines astrological symbolism as found in art, architecture, and landscapes, presenting what he finds in terms of the astrological theory accepted by the ancients and then in terms of the way they represented these ideas in their art and architecture. He provides a detailed examination of the topic, many photographs of the works of art he discusses, maps of the ancient world showing alignments with various celestial and astrological features, and tables and charts that help the reader picture some of the relationships discussed. The book offers an interesting discussion of the topic in a well-written narrative."
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"The Sacred Canopy", 2004.
Review of the first half of "The Sacred Canopy: Elements of a Sociological Theory of Religion" by Peter Berger.
1,072 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 59.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the author reviews the first half of Perter Berger's book about religion and society. The paper analyzes Berger's concept that religion is a dialectical phenomenon in which religion emerges out of human beings as part of an ordered and meaningful social reality, while at the same time, humans emerge out of this socially-constructed world and, indeed, are only human because of such emergence.
From the Paper
"As a component of social reality ? particularly that component of social reality that legitimizes anomy (see below) ? religion, according to Peter Berger, is a ?dialectical phenomenon.? Thus, while religion emerges out of human beings as part of an ordered and meaningful social reality, humans ? at the very same time ? emerge out of this socially-constructed world and, indeed, are only human because of such emergence. This dialectical phenomenon is parsed out by Berger in terms of not two, but rather three concepts: externalization, objectivation and internalization."
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Jerome Rothenberg's "Technicians of the Sacred, 2002.
This paper discusses Jerome Rothenberg's "Technicians of the Sacred", which is an anthology of poetry that explores a variety of ceremonies and images from many different continents.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper shows how these poems have inspired many people in different cultures, as we see a cross-range of poetries from Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania. The author believes that Rothenberg is clearly preoccupied with what we can call "ethnopoetics", because he is interested in the link between what has been seen as "primitive" poetry with the kind of poetry that has emerged in the modern age.
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"The Sacred Romance", 2005.
A book review of "The Sacred Romance: Drawing Closer to the Heart of God" by Brent Curtis and John Eldredge.
751 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the book, which is a type of self-help book, whereby, instead of encouraging readers to improve their external relationships with others and to find fulfillment with common cultural constructs and narratives of male and female sexual relationships, the reader is encouraged to first establish a fulfilling relationship of love and devotion with the divine essence as a Christian. It explains that the book is particularly inspiring to a Christian seeking an artistic or literary life because the authors see the relationship between humanity and God as a romantic, as well as a theological, narrative.
From the Paper
"The summary narrative of the book takes the form of the two authors relating experiences of their own life, in religious terms, and relating these personal experiences to the books of the Bible and other religious texts such as Milton?s ?Paradise Lost.? The main Biblical texts the authors draw from are the gospel narratives, the prophetic narratives, and the Song of Solomon, the most poetic and metaphorical ?love text? of the Hebraic Bible. The metaphorical romance of church and believer in Jesus? words, in the letters of Paul, and of Solomon?s Song provide the metaphorical justification for the theological tale of romance Curtis and Eldridge spin."
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?Sacred Doctrine?.
This paper discusses St. Thomas Aquinas?s ?Sacred Doctrine?.
1,045 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the world is the creation of God and is centered, for Aquinas, on God; all human endeavours should ultimately be directed towards knowledge of God and the divine mystery of human salvation. The author points out that Aquinas argues that human beings are made human by their intellect, and, that they have the ability and duty to use their intellect to apprehend the divine. This paper stresses that reason does not operate independently, but within a framework of what Aquinas calls ?natural law?, the relationship between the natural law of humankind, and the eternal law of the divine.
From the Paper
"God is at the heart of Aquinas?s world-view and philosophy, and the role of human reason as well as faith once more comes to the fore in the process by which human beings accept the existence of God (for Aquinas is clear that the existence of God is not self-evident). The essence of God is unknown to us, so must be ?demonstrated by things that are more known to us ? namely, by effects? [Pt. I, Q. 2, Art. 1]. To reach conclusions on the existence of God by studying the world around us will, Aquinas argues, lead inevitably to a knowledge of God, for the world cannot be explained without recourse to God. Thus once again human reason is in harmony with revelation and faith in bringing human beings to a fuller knowledge of the Godhead and of salvation."
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"Navajo Sacred Places", 2002.
An analysis of the research of Klara Bonsack Kelley and Harris Francis on the Navajo Indians..
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the research of Kelly and Francis in "Navajo Sacred Places" and suggests that through understanding the non-natives can come to understand the importance of land and consider it as 'sacred' as the Natives do.
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"Shadows of the Sacred", 2002.
Discusses Frances Vaughan's book on spirituality, wholeness and balance.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses Frances Vaughan's "Shadows of the Sacred". The book uses many sources, including world religions, mystical myths, mystical teachings, and the work of prominent psychologists, to point the way toward spirituality as a path to wholeness and balance.
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Morality in Sacred Texts, 2004.
A study in similarities of the issue of morality in Hinduism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
1,506 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of morality as it appears in the sacred texts of the four major religions of the world: Hinduism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The paper presents excerpts from the Koran, Gita, Torah and Gospels. The paper contends that the similarities of the moral precepts contained within the defining texts of each religion seem to underscore a fundamental unity.
From the Paper
"The concept of "morality" is generally defined as that which constitutes virtuous conduct, or right behavior. Of course, given the vast cultural, economic, and societal differences between the majority populations practicing the aforementioned religious traditions, one might expect the moral precepts of each faith to be strikingly different. Interesting this is not the case. In fact, one can clearly observe that in the areas of human behavior and responsibility toward others, (again, as opposed to injunctions concerning belief), including violence, truthfulness, sexual purity, the avoidance of greed, and the importance of devotion and worship, the main religious texts of all four faiths are almost identical."
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Reflections on Religion & ?Interpreting the Sacred?, 2002.
An examination of the problems in interpreting different religions from a personal perspective, using a comparison of Christianity and Buddhism as an example.
1,135 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 63.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses problems in the interpretation of religion, specifically focusing on a comparison of Buddhism and Christianity. The discussion incorporates an analysis of William E. Paden?s treatment of different ?perspectives? and ?methods? in the comparison and interpretation of religion in his book "Interpreting the Sacred: Ways of Viewing Religion".
From the Paper
"In his book Interpreting the Sacred: Ways of Viewing Religion, Paden presents a synopsis of the various manners in which religious scholars have interpreted and waded through religious belief and practice. His philosophy is that religion is merely a result of perspective. Thus, he opines, religious doctrine merely becomes a free-for-all. Therefore, his premise is that there must be some objective stance from which we may evaluate religion.
"The book begins by expounding upon the notion of perspective, i.e., perspective as a way of creating and ordering experience. Perspective ?- or ?observation points? ?- are ?fixed, singular, and defensive.? ?The capacity,? the author says, ?to see one?s view of the world as a view is a mark of contemporary thinking?, i.e., a move toward pluralistic thinking. Id. at 3. The author then examines the perspectives offered by various social disciplines such as sociology, psychology, and theology."
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