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The Radio Frequency Identification Device (RFID).
This paper discusses Radio Frequency Identification Devices (RFID), an automated identification and data collection technology consisting of tags containing chips for storing data and an antenna for transmitting data through radio waves.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 14 sources, MLA, AU$ 143.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that RFID chips can be attached, often without notice, to all sorts of products, such as clothing and books, and can be use to monitor and control the supply chain in ways similar to the bar code, which the RFID is being developed to replace. The author points out that some examples of the consumer use of the RFID are in a library where the reader need only to walk in front of a shelf and can immediately see on a screen a list of all the books and their contents. For another example, parents in amusement parks can locate their children by putting a RFID on their children and then locating them on a special "kidspotter" map of the park. The paper stresses that, despite the clear advantages of RFID, there is a concern among privacy activists because RFID tags, so small that they can go undetected, can be embedded in any product or article of clothing and even under the skin of a person and then can be used to record information about their activities, tracking anyone with a tag on them.
Table of Contents
History
Beneficial Social Impact
Deleterious Social Impact or Potentially Dangerous Social Impact
Personal Privacy
Information Security
Analysis of Social Impact
Future Impact of the Technology
From the Paper
"While in the 1980's RFID was primarily used for commercial applications, the 1990s saw RFID enter the consumer market. Toll systems throughout the US and Europe became widespread and started gaining major use. Toll systems were adopted by Kansas, Oklahoma, Georgia, Maine, and New York, Massachusetts, and quite a few other states. Standardization became a big issue with all these systems, leading to the Title 21 standard and the EZ-Pass Interagency Group, both of which were formed in an effort to provide consistent toll standards in different regions of the US. Payment and access systems were developed, such as the speedpass payment system used by Mobile gas stations, various skipass systems and gated community access setups. Automobile related RFID systems also were implemented in larger scale including remote entry and ignitions systems."
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Radio Frequency Identification (Rfid) Security, 2008.
A study on the limitations that presently exist with RFID technology.
758 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a proposal for research of RFID security and relates how this technology might be improved upon. The paper further examines the latest developments in RFID technology including that of GEN 2. The paper states that identity management is a critical issue for RFID technology and until these issues are resolved, the need for better identity management will serve as a barrier for implementation of RFID technology. The paper concludes with recommendations for further research.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Literature review
Summary & Recommendations for Research
From the Paper
"Noted as well in this report is the fact that percent of survey respondents held the number one priority to be national security. It was stated by 56 percent of those participating in the study, all of whom are government IT professionals that they had either "...seen or heard about someone violating their organization or agency's security protocols." (Security Products Magazine, 2008) Watson (2008) states in the work entitled: "Clear Vision: RFID Emerges as Powerful Security Tool" that while RFID security applications "...are easily categorized into tracking personnel and assets, companies are unlikely to find prepackaged RFID solutions from vendors. There is no off-the-shelf RFID..." and furthermore while RFID components have undergone standardization there is no guarantee of RFID component plug-and-play applications. (Watson, 2008; paraphrased) In fact, Ravi Pappu, co-founder and head of the advanced development group for Thing-Magic in Cambridge, Mass states that there is "some black magic that goes on to make an RFID system work."
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Radio Frequency Identification, 2007.
This paper discusses radio frequency identification (RFID) and its implications for supply chain managers.
1,833 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 92.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the fundamentals of the radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. The paper explores the two types of RFID tags; active and passive. The paper discusses RFID's applications in the supply chain and relates that with the software industry losing approximately forty per cent of its global revenues every year due to counterfeiting and the widespread abuses of music distribution, the use of secure RFID tags seems inevitable.
Outline:
Fundamentals of Radio Frequency Identification
Exploring the type of RFID Tags
RFID's Applications in the Supply Chain
From the Paper
"RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification Code, and is part of the larger Auto-ID technology family, and is a technology that uses radio-frequency waves to transfer data between a reader and a movable item to identify, categorize, track and monitor products. RFID tags are comprised of microchips with antennas that broadcast their status to remote readers. As this technology relies of radio frequencies to communicate, no line of sight is required the movement of products throughout a warehouse is much more efficient."
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Radio Frequency Study, 2007.
An examination of radio frequency identification methods.
2,454 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 117.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the history and uses of radio frequency identification (RFID). The author describes the history of radio frequency identification, especially as used during World War II. The paper further describes practical applications of radio frequency identification today, such as on toll roads and also in moving products to their destinations. The author uses Wal-Mart as an example, and also has several charts to demonstrate how RFID is used in industry. The paper concludes with potential uses for RFID in the future.
Outline:
History of Radio Frequency Identification
Fundamentals of Radio Frequency Identification
Exploring the type of RFID Tags
Active RFID Tags
Active Backscatter Tags
Passive Backscatter Tags
RFID's Future Applications
Figure 1: Comparing RFID Frequencies
Figure 2: Comparing RFID Tags and their Use
Figure 3: Exploring How RFID Works
Figure 4: RFID's Impact on a Manufacturer's Supply Chain
Table 1:
Mass customization manufacturing strategies which can be automated through RFID
Figure 5: Using RFID Technology to streamline the MRO Process
Figure 6: Authentication techniques using RFID to validate products using RFID
From the Paper
"The 1990s were a significant decade for RFID since it saw the widespread deployment of electronic toll collection in the United States according to AIM (2001). From the lessons learned in transportation and the work completed by IBM engineers who developed and patented an ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID system according to RFID Journal (2002) which could be read up to 20 feet away., the foundation for reading tags in motion from a distance was of immediate interest to mass merchandisers including Wal-Mart. The pioneering work IBM had done in UHF RFID was sold off to Intermec when the computer conglomerate encountered financial difficulties in the mid 1990s. Intermec, an industry leader in bar coding and material handling applications, struggled to make the technology a market success. What were missing were data standards and the ability to create Master Data Management repositories that could be queried and used for analysis."
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RFID Technology and Wal-Mart, 2008.
An analysis of radio frequency identification (RFID) and its relationship to Wal-Mart.
1,113 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the effect that technology has on Wal-Mart. It discusses what radio frequency identification (RFID) means to Wal-Mart and its potential effect on the general public. The paper briefly looks at the Uniform Code Counsel and UCCnet. It also discusses Wal-Mart's software, the sale of transaction data and what can be found on the Wal-Mart website.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Summary
Radio Frequency Identification Acceptance
UCCnet Takes a Stand
Wal-Mart on the Web
Wal-Mart Software
Selling of Consumers' Transaction Data
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is not hard to find and buy consumer information. Today, many companies sell consumers information as a means to generate revenue. Customer's information is also use as a marketing tool to draw customers. Many consumers disapprove of selling their data especially if they will not gain or benefit from it. According to John Rendleman, "Information is worth a lot of money. The Direct Marketing Association--the trade group that represents the companies that market their products using offers delivered via mail, telephone, magazines, the Internet, radio, or TV--says companies spent $191 billion in2000 on direct-response advertising solicitations. Those efforts produced $1.7 trillion in revenue" (Rendleman, 2001). Thou there is lots of money in selling transaction data, Wal-Mart decided to stop selling general sales data to six market-research companies that combined the data with information from other companies to create industry-wide reports on retail sales trends (Rendleman, 2001). In the report, Rendleman reports that a spokes person from Wal-Mart pointed out that, "Our competitors were getting more out of the third-party aggregation than we were, so it made more sense for us to stop" (Rendleman, 2001)."
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Supply Chain Management and RFID, 2007.
This paper explores radio frequency identification (RFID) and its benefits for supply management.
2,947 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 137.95
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Abstract
The paper explains how radio frequency identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method that relies on storing and remotely retrieving data using RFID tags, or transponders. The tags contain silicon chips and antennas that allow it to receive and respond to radio-frequency queries from an RFID transceiver. The paper discusses the history of RFID and the differences between semi-passive RFID tags and passive tags. The paper shows how the promise of being able to track product movement in real time is very appealing. The paper discusses how RFID-tagged items are better than bar-codes; they hold more information, can be read in bulk and do not require direct line of sight with the RFID reader to transfer information.
From the Paper
"The RFID predecessor dates back to 1945, when Leon Theremin invented an espionage tool for the Soviet government (RFID). Although this was a covert listening device and in an identification tag, it is the first known device and is considered a predecessor to RFID technology (RFID). The IFF transponder was invented by the British in 1939 and was used by the allies in World War II to identify airplanes (RFID). Harry Stockman, in his landmark 1948 paper, Communication by Means of Reflected Power, predicted that "considerable research and development work has to be done before the remaining basic problems in reflected-power communication are solved, and before the field of useful application is explored" (RFID). It took thirty years of advances in numerous fields before RFID became a reality (RFID)."
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Eyewitness Identification, 2005.
This paper discusses the problems of eyewitness identification.
1,123 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in general, eyewitnesses are less accurate because the eyewitness can make mistakes from the time a crime occurs, through the investigation, during lineup identification, and even on the witness stand. The author points out examples in which eyewitness identification was racially biased. The paper concludes that, although racial bias can interfere with eyewitness identification, there are circumstances in which it does not; therefore, it is important that eyewitness testimony not be stricken from the courtroom, but the procedures by which it is permissible ought to be made more stringent.
From the Paper
"Mistaken identification can help to put innocent people in prison. In a 2000 study of seventy-four wrongful conviction cases, 81 percent were due (at least in part) to mistaken identification. Mistaken identification can be caused by the factors discussed in the preceding paragraph, but it can also be caused by cross-racial identification. This problem is called "racial skew". Racial skew was the cause of the wrongful conviction of Johnny Frederick and David Keaton in Florida in 1971."
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Frequency Modulation: Analysis and Simulation, 2005.
Examines different aspects of Frequency Modulation by using analytical methods and simulation. Both techniques are fully described through the paper.
4,105 words (approx. 16.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 173.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes and simulates the performance of the frequency modulation (FM). The paper begins with an introduction to FM modulation and provides a full mathematical background information in regards with the FM. (This includes FM spectral analysis and introducing and simulating the role of the Bessel function and the frequency sidebands). The FM bandwidth requirements is discussed and simulated by using the MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation model and initialization steps are completely demonstrated and the results are discussed. The effect of adding noise to a FM modulated signal is analyzed and the results are presented. (This includes analysis of threshold effect and the mathematical relationship between signal to noise and carrier to noise.) The results of practical measurements are presented at the end of each part. The paper includes figures and graphs.
Contents:
1. Abstract
2. Frequency Modulation
A. Description:
B. Why Modulation?
C. Modulation Types
D. FM Modulation
E. FM Spectral analysis
3. Determining Kf (the deviation constant)
A. DC Method
B. Time Domain method
C. The Spectrum Analyzer Method
D. FSK Method
4. Effect of Band-pass Filtering
Simulating the Effect of Band-pass Filtering using SIMULINK
5. Effect of Adding Noise to an FM Signal
6. Conclusion
7. References
From the Paper
"As explained before, in FM modulation, there is a linear relation between frequency deviation and voltage variation. (At the receiver site, demodulator use this property to extract the message from the modulated signal). In other word, this means that if we sketch the graph of modulated signal frequency versus message signal's voltage for an arbitrary FM system, the slope of the graph would be a constant value and would be equal to Kf (deviation constant)."
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Implications of Patient Identification Errors, 2006.
A discussion regarding the necessity of accurate patient history, identification and information.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of patient identification in hospital which seems as inoculate as the solution. Patient identification is based on the assumption that whatever information the patient or family accompanying the patient is correct and true. On the other hand, another assumption held is that hospital record-keeping is accurate and infallible. The paper further discusses how falsified information provided by patient or family to conceal his/her identity may just be as widespread as clerical errors. With the computerization of medical records, errors may be minimized and with the relative ease of cross-validating identity utilizing electronic databases (should the need arise, but otherwise a breach of patient confidentiality), falsified data can be detected. However, the factor of human clerical error is still a significant possibility. This becomes a serious matter when medical and surgical interventions come into play.
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Automated Bio-Terrorism Identification Equipment, 2002.
A discussion of the development of automated bio-terrorism identification equipment to detect and provide warning of the presence of biological agents in the case of biological wafare.
1,067 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 59.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how the Department of Defense has started work on a biological agent detection and identification program as part of efforts to develop a national early warning system for urban areas pertaining to biological warfare. It also describes the Biological Defense Homeland Security Support Program to achieve early detection and characterization of a biological-related incident in an urban area in order to reduce casualties, minimize disruption to infrastructures and support consequence management efforts. It looks at how the Postal Service has also set into motion work toward the development of bio-terrorism identification equipment due to anthrax scares and the work of biotechnology companies in the development of pulmonary drug delivery in order to combat air-borne bio-terrorist threats .
From the Paper
"Another developer of bio-terrorism identification equipment is NanoVia, LP, an innovative leader in the development of next generation high-speed microvia drilling technology. The company recently announced that it intends to further develop its patented drilling process for pulmonary drug delivery in order to combat air-borne bio-terrorist threats (prweb.com). While currently applicable for conditions such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis, fast-moving allergic reactions, seizures and cardiovascular conditions, NanoVia, LP believes that inhaled physical threats, such as Anthrax, can also be combated with this technology (prweb.com)."
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Fingerprints as Identification, 2004.
This paper discusses the use of fingerprinting for identification and the associated problems.
955 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although most people believe that fingerprints constitute one of the best pieces of evidence, the Supreme Court, in the case of Daubert vs. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals (1993), recently ruled that there is considerable room for questioning fingerprints as satisfactory evidence in criminal proceedings. The author relates that governmental people see fingerprints as markedly helpful for identification purposes; therefore, they now will use fingerprinting of individuals visiting the United States from other countries in an attempt to curb terrorists. The paper concludes that fingerprints might come to be regarded more as an investigative tool than the ironclad evidence they were once considered to be, pushed aside by more precise approaches, such as DNA analysis.
From the Paper
"Fingerprints are analyzed by looking at the patterns of the ridges, including places where they stop, or split (called ?Galton points?), as well as other details, including the location of pores in the skin. Although several systems have been devised to attempt to identify fingerprints in a systematic way, in the end the accuracy of identification depends on the skills of the fingerprint expert trying to make the match. While the computer system eliminates some human error it has not yet been accepted as suitable for court evidence."
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Criminal Identification in the 21st Century, 2005.
This paper discusses the identification of criminals, using DNA fingerprinting and A.F.I.S latent prints.
1,720 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 87.95
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Abstract
Criminal identification procedures in the 21st century is an ever-changing and remarkable endeavor that has become something that law enforcement has been leaning towards for some time now. This essay entails how DNA testing and advance fingerprinting has taken law enforcement into the next century.
From the Paper
"The criminal identification process is a long, but unique way that our justice system strives to make sure that individuals are not mistaken for crimes committed in an act of an offense. For example; DNA based identification is a topic that either excites people, or strikes fear into them. In the past, DNA identification systems were looked upon with much skepticism and took much criticism due to the inaccuracy in its predictions."
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Relative Kicking Frequency of Newborns, 2005.
This paper provides a review of the article "The Relative Kicking Frequency of Infants Born Full-term and Preterm During Learning and Short-term and Long-term Memory Periods of the Mobile Paradigm".
1,421 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 74.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer discusses the article "The Relative Kicking Frequency of Infants Born Full-term and Preterm During Learning and Short-term and Long-term Memory Periods of the Mobile Paradigm". The writer explains that this experiment was done to compare full-term infants' to preterm infants' kicking in a task-specific manner, which is the mobile paradigm. The writer maintains that one purpose of the study was to see if infants would increase the kicking of their tethered, or right leg, to make the mobile turn. Further, the writer notes that another purpose of the study was to test if the infants would not only learn the mobile paradigm on day one, but would also retain this task for a short-term memory period of 24 hours, and the long-term memory period of 1 week.
Outline:
Hypothesis
Participants
Setting
Research Design
Procedure
Results
Methodological Issues
Integrated into Classroom Material
Personal Reaction
From the Paper
"For the first three minutes there was baseline; the mobile was attached to the left side of the crib so that when the infant kicked the mobile did not turn. For the next nine minutes, called acquisition, the mobile was moved to the right hand side of the crib so that when the infant kicked their tethered leg the mobile moved. For the comparison group the mobile remained on the left and the investigator moved the mobile with a transparent wire. During minutes 12 to 15 there was extinction where the mobile was back on the left hand side and the kicking did not move the mobile. For the full-term group there were three testing sessions. The first two were on consecutive days and then the third one was one week later. The preterm group had 12 testing sessions: 2 sessions consecutively for 6 weeks. During each of these sessions the kicks of the tethered and non-tethered leg were recorded."
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Criminal Identification Procedures, 2005.
A look at how technological advances in criminal identification procedures have improved the ability of law enforcement agencies to identify offenders and capture suspects.
1,705 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the many technological advances that have become available in the last few decades and explains how they can help law enforcement agencies improve their overall ability to locate and capture suspects. The paper looks at such technologies as iris-recognition technology, electronic surveillance technology, citizen smart cards technology and facial recognition technology.
From the Paper
"The world today is filled with cameras that can film an individual wherever he goes, his cell phone signal can pinpoint his location, and even one glance can reveal his true identity (Shenk 2003). Iris-recognition technology, soon to be common in places such as airports, offices, and banks, will simply scan an individual's eyes to reveal his idenity (Shenk 2003). Many feel that in this post-9/11 landscape, there is a serious need for these high-tech tools to help detect money laundering, encrypted e-mails, bio-weapons, and suitcase nukes (Shenk 2003)."
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Frequency Marketing, 2002.
An overview of frequency marketing.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 139.95
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Abstract
This ten-page senior year paper defines frequent marketing, tracing its history, using examples to prove its strengths and weaknesses.
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Voter Group Identification, 1997.
Theoretical & empirical exploration of three ways that identification with group (religious, economic, political) increases an individual's likelihood of voting.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 12 sources, AU$ 175.95
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From the Paper
" THE ROLE OF GROUP IDENTIFICATION ON A VOTER'S DECISION TO
CAST A BALLOT
Introduction
This paper develops and defends the notion that group identification increases the likelihood that an individual will decide to vote (as opposed to deciding not to vote) in any given election. The notion is developed and defended on both theoretical and empirical grounds.
The paper itself can be divided into three sections. The first section offers a brief delineation of the Rational Choice and Collective Action models of political/voting behavior, justifying their use in the development of the group identification/decision-to-vote relationship on the grounds that they have been frequently used as explanative frameworks for.."
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