| Papers [1-16] of 24 :: [Page 1 of 2] | | Go to page : 1 2 —> | Search results on "PROCREATION TECHNOLOGY": |
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Procreation Technology, 2004.
An overview of the breakthroughs and ethical implications of procreation technology.
1,384 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how past research on procreation technology has provided numerous opportunities for infertile couples, or individuals wishing to become pregnant, a chance at creating life. It looks at how, in thirty-five years, the technology has advanced from extra-corporeal test tube babies to major breakthroughs in stem cell research, frozen embryo transfer, and cloning. It also discusses how the ethical implications of this research continues to be at the heart of many heated debates. It examines how society has changed in light of this technology.
From the Paper
"Procreation technology is the science, research and technology associated with creating human life. The first extra-corporeal, outside the human body, fertilization of human egg by human sperm in occurred in 1969 (Garrett, 1999). Until this time all human procreation had taken place inside a woman?s body. Dr. Robert Edwards conducted research for almost ten years (and one hundred and three attempts) before the first successful test-tube baby was born in 1978; her name is Louis Brown. Since this time the field of procreation technology has exploded. The more science reveals about the human body the more we are able to manipulate and control aspects of procreation believed possible only in science fiction novels."
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Creation vs. Procreation, 2005.
This paper examines Nella Larsen's novel "Quicksand" and discusses the aspects of motherhood that inhibit artistry.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper offers a discussion of the aspects of motherhood that inhibit artistry, as exemplified in the Nella Larsen novel "Quicksand," particularly in the conclusion. The paper notes the prevalence of the theme throughout literature.
From the Paper
"The struggle between motherhood and artistry can be traced throughout much of literature. The image of motherhood as a smothering and suffocating force can be seen in Chopin's "Awakening," in Ibsen's" A Doll's House," in Edith Summers "Kelley's Weeds" and in most of the poetry of both Sylvia Plath and Anne Sexton. This is of course only a small sampling of evidence of the prevalence of this theme."
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The Evolution of Sexual Attraction, 2008.
This paper discusses the motivations behind procreation and sexual attraction.
1,637 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that successful copulation and reproduction has been propagated by the human species for millions of years. The writer points out that this process has been studied and researched for centuries to determine the physiological and psychological motivations behind procreation and sexual attraction. The field of evolutionary psychology has attempted to do so, and derives evidence from psychology, neuroscience, anthropology, comparative zoology, sociology, behavioral genetics, and many other fields. The writer discusses that through such studies, more insight may be gained as to sexual attraction, mate choices, and social decisions regarding sex and relationship between men and women. The writer maintains that there is no doubt that human beings will continue mating and reproducing, yet the whole process continues to have a mysterious aura surrounding it. The writer then concludes that although study after study has been conducted, the physiological and psychological motivations behind procreation and sexual attraction are still elusive.
Outline:
Introduction
Evolutionary Function of Orgasms
What Men and Women Find Attractive
Social vs. Sexual Attraction
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This modern day psychology of the human male is no doubt an offshoot from his male ancestors who were physiologically urged to over-reproduce to insure survival of the species.
"Women, on the other hand, do not appear to have such a physiological or psychological need to procreate with multiple males, as women do not compete with other female ova during sexual encounters. Therefore, short-term sexual partners for women may function only to evaluate possible long-term mates, and serve more of a social function whether than a sexual or reproductive one."
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Same Sex Marriage Laws, 2006.
A paper arguing that a policy that would legalize gay marriages would threaten the future of America's families and children.
5,677 words (approx. 22.7 pages), 21 sources, MLA, AU$ 218.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to show objectively that gay marriage is bad for children and unsuited for procreation and to propose solutions which maximize the chances that children will only be raised in families in which they will be encouraged to follow proper gender roles and procreate upon reaching adulthood.
From the Paper
"Gay marriage, or homogamy, is not precisely a modern phenomena. There is some evidence that ancient liturgies for same-gender marriage-like rituals existed among sects of the early church, and remains a rite of the Eastern Orthodox Church. (Pharsea) In ancient times other instances of same-gender marriage were also known in Rome and Greece, and among many tribal groups world wide. Of course, polygamy and even polyandry have also arisen frequently in our human history, and yet few people in civilized countries today argue for their continued existence, though there are some, among certain fundamentalist Mormons, Christians, and Muslims! However, homogamy has recently been strongly supported by many activists, and has succeeded in gaining ground in many countries. In 2001, the Netherlands allowed same-gender couples to access full marriage rights. In 2003, Belgium also opened up the definition of marriage to include homosexual couples. Today, many countries in the EU either allow for same-gender marriage within their borders, or recognize the validity of foriegn homogamous marriages, or at least have some same-gender equivalent to marriage such as civil unions. For example, "in France, registered same-sex (and opposite-sex) couples can be joined in a civil 'solidarity pact' that grants them the right to file joint tax returns, extend their social security coverage to each other and receive the same health, employment and welfare benefits as legal spouses. It also commits the couple to assume joint responsibility for household debts." (HRC, "Where can same-sex couples marry today?" These are some of the main "rights" which homosexuals desire from federal recognition of their unions. They are increasingly receiving them. Recently, Canada also granted marriage rights to same-sex couples, as did America's own Massachusetts. Constant battles are being waged in the courts and legislature across the country regarding the definition of marriage."
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Gay Marriages, 2005.
This paper discusses the constitutionality of gay marriages.
1,155 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that most religious and conservative people believe that marriage was created for the purpose of procreation; whereas, proponents of gay marriages believe that the U.S. Constitution provides for a strict separation of the church and the state and as such religious arguments do not have a legitimate place in the debate and that the Fourteenth Amendment protects the right of private consensual sex and as such the prohibition of gay marriages is a violation of such rights. The author points out that the gay marriage issue came to the forefront of national debate in 1996 when several Hawaiian gay couples sued for the right to marry legally, which resulted in the passage of "The Federal Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)" in 1996. The paper relates that, in May 2005, a U.S. Federal District Judge struck down sweeping provisions of the Nebraska constitution that defined marriage as only between a man and a woman and banned same-sex civil unions, domestic partnerships and other similar relationships as a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Table of Contents
Marriage, Gay Marriage and Same Sex Unions
The Controversy
The Constitutional Debate
The Federal Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)
State Laws Recognizing Same Sex Unions
Conservatives Propose Constitutional Amendment
Federal Judge strikes down Nebraska Gay Marriage Ban
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The passage of DOMA did not deter gay-right activists in their campaign for the legal recognition of gay marriages and in 2000, Vermont became the first state to allow gay partners to join in a civil union with the same rights enjoyed by married heterosexual couples under state law. Maine, Hawaii, California, New Jersey, and Connecticut have also enacted laws that give some degree of rights to gay civil unions and partnerships since then. On November 18, 2003, in Goodridge v.Department of Public Health, the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial ruled that: "barring an individual from the protections, benefits, and obligations of civil marriage solely because that person would marry a person of the same sex violates the Massachusetts Constitution." Implementing the Court's decision, Massachusetts made same sex marriage legal in the state on May 17, 2004; it is thus far the only state to do so. Most other states have enacted constitutional provisions that define marriage as a union of one man and one woman."
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The Catholic Marriage, 2003.
This paper discusses the theology of the Catholic marriage as revealed by Pope John Paul II in his book "Theology of the Body".
1,750 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in John Paul II's "Theology of the Body", he focuses on Genesis Two, or the Yahwist text, which contains the three original experiences of man---original solitude, original unity and original nakedness, through which man and woman discover the nuptial meaning of the body. The author points out that procreation assumes the most important end of the conjugal act because it is through offspring that the love of man and woman becomes manifest, imaging the relational existence of God. The paper stresses that fidelity safeguards against the destruction of God's indissoluble bond, actualizing the commitment made by the spouses.
From the Paper
"The nuptial meaning of the body finds its roots in original unity. Humanity only discovers itself in a sincere gift of self to other where man and woman become "one flesh." The union of the two through their bodies suggests a spiritual union as well, an intimate realization of existing with someone and for someone. John Paul II states that the nuptial meaning, "confirms completely that the creative giving, which springs from Love, has reached the original consciousness of man. It becomes an experience of mutual giving" (62). The whole reality of their bodies and masculinity and femininity coalesce in the gift of self, ensuring their freedom attained through Love. Marriage represents this special way of encountering God and the world, where the fundamental element is the free consent between two individuals."
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Homosexuality In Society, 2006.
A discussion of where homosexual people stand in society.
1,459 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the topic of homosexuals and their place in society. It discusses issues such as homosexual marriages and why people object to them, basic human rights that belong to homosexuals as much as to heterosexuals and issues of procreation. The paper discusses the need for change in society, in order to be more accepting of all people.
From the Paper
"Human nature defines the properties of marriage as between a man and a woman with the primary purpose of procreation and the education of children (Horvat II). People are born with human rights whether they are gays, lesbians or trans-genders. It shows that the general idea of a family or relationship should be heterosexual. This is just a biased philosophy because there is no actual evidence to prove that marriage can only be between man and woman. Since homosexuals are being treated unfairly, they should ask for more equal rights."
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The Father, 2008.
A review of Bharati Mukherjee's story about generational and cultural clash between a father and daughter, entitled "The Father".
914 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Bharati Mukiherjee's story, "The Father" and how it portrays a culture clash between two related Indians, a father and daughter. The paper relates that both characters in the story have two very different ethical standards about procreation and the meaning of fatherhood and that the cultural clash between the father and daughter exists on several levels - generational, gender-based, ethical, and personal.
From the Paper
"Babli's father comes from a culture that is a patriarchal culture in terms of its explicitly stated values, for, as Mr. Bhowmick sees it, male authority and wisdom should rule the household. Now the father's daughter will raise her child in a household with no male presence. Of course, this sense of patriarchal dominance is fictional to some degree. Mr. Bhowmick came to the U.S. from Ranchi because his wife, a professional in her own right insisted upon this move. But he still believes the pretence of male dominance should be protected in principle. In fact, because he feels forced to stay in the U.S. due to his wife, seeing his daughter flagrantly deny her need for a man even to father a child, makes him feel more powerless in the face of women in America. According to anthropologist Lalervo Oberg, culture shock arises when suddenly one's sense of certainty is destroyed when one enters a foreign environment. A person undergoing culture shock experiences it as a series of "upsets--breaks in reality because people behave differently" in a new culture and because the shocked individual finds him or herself in unfamiliar circumstances."
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Neurocreation, 2008.
A look at the proposed life of a jelly fish thousands of feet below sea level.
3,033 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a jellyfish living at 3,000 feet below the surface of the sea. It describes the key functions of this jellyfish, including procreation, locomotion, fight or flight, courtship, distance (smell) and touch (taste) reception. The paper concludes that the jellyfish described in the paper is able to combine most of the senses, locomotory impulses, sexual behavior and eating of more sophisticated organisms with a fairly straightforward and primitive nerve system. The paper includes an image of the jellyfish, several illustrations, and a table.
Outline:
Introduction
Primary Morphology of the jellyfish
Morphology of the Jellyfish
Anatomy of Major Cell Groups
Muscle Cells
Eyes
Skeletal Cells
Tentacles
Feeding, Locomotion, Courtship, Fight or Flight
Nerve Action: Smell
Central Nervous System Morphology
Proprioceptive Nerve Impulses
Vision Nervous Response and Courtship/Mating
Feeding and Satiety
Locomotion Detection
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"When the jellyfish tentacles touch a body, sense (taste) elements determine if it is food or a predator. It will sting whatever it comes in contact with; the chemicals in the poison are predigestion chemicals, which combine with the cells of the stung creature in a way that breaks cell membranes and releases chemicals which the sensory (taste) bundles in the tips of the tentacles can use to determine if the creature is food or a predator. In the case of a predator, the jellyfish will not activate the "bring to stomach" mode; in the case of food, the jellyfish activates muscles which cause contraction of the tentacles, which are attached to the prey via the physical hooks of the stingers. The default is "food," in which case poison darts are injected and the food is pulled up to the gut. The morphology of the tentacles is such that, by contracting, the tentacles automatically move towards the gut in a coordinated fashion."
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The Church and Human Sexuality, 2007.
This paper concentrates on the Christian view of human sexuality.
3,153 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 145.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer notes that in recent times, there has been a tremendous amount of discussion about Christianity and its approach to human sexuality. The writer points out that depending on the commentator, the Church's position on sexuality is empowering, negative, supportive, or neutral. In addition, the writer discusses that some suggest that it is impossible to describe one Christian view about sexuality because of the various positions that differing Christians have taken regarding the relationship between one's sexuality and one's spirituality. However, such an answer belies the fact that, until recently, Catholics, Orthodox Christians, and all of the mainstream Protestant denominations took a negative view of human sexuality except for the purposes of procreation. The writer concludes that one must assume that the Christian view of sexuality will continue to evolve, as science and society gain a greater understanding of human sexuality.
From the Paper
"It is important to recognize that there is not one version of Christianity. Orthodox Christians and Catholics have a similar approach to the church, and their religions are shaped and formed by much outside of Scripture. In fact, with Catholicism, given that the Pope is considered to be the voice of God, some extra-scriptural things are given more weight than the words in the actual scripture. This attitude has allowed for the development of a religion that expands upon, explains, and even contradicts, the teachings in the Bible. Protestantism, as the name implies, began as a reaction to the Catholic Church's deviations from scripture, and has been characterized by faithfulness to the literal interpretation of the Bible. The problem with the Protestant approach is that the Bible relays information about events, which has been perverted by people into an endorsement of those events and behaviors. In fact, Biblical literalism may have damaged the Church, especially in gender and race relations. Anti-Semitism, slavery, homophobia, and sexism have all been explained away and even justified by the use or misuse of Scripture."
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Traditional Jewish Marriage, 2006.
This paper describes the beliefs and process of a traditional Jewish marriage.
2,790 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 132.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Judaism believes that marriage is the ideal state of existence; a man without a wife or a woman without a husband is incomplete. The author points out that the marriage ceremony is based on the rules of transfer of property or of rights in antiquity including the woman accepting a ring or something of value from the man thus indicating her acceptance of the terms of the marriage. The paper explores the mischnah, "But if he has children, he may abstain from procreation, but he may not abstain from having a wife", and several other quotations from the Old Testament.
From the Paper
"From the era of the Talmud up to the enlightenment, social association of the sexes was usually restricted, and within Orthodox Jewish communities today, these social restrictions are still in force. Matrimonial engagements were commonly brought about by a third person, usually a professional match-maker, called a shadchan, and the process is called Shidduchim. The shadchan received a brokerage-fee fixed by law, most often this was a small percentage of the dowry, which was paid by either or both of the parties at the wedding or shortly thereafter.'
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Redemption in "The Idiot", 2005.
Examines the theme of redemption in Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel, "The Idiot".
3,124 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 143.95
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Abstract
Prince Lyov Myshkin is the main character of Dostoevsky's "The Idiot". In terms of redemption, he is often characterized in ways reminiscent of Christ, who, on account of the way in which he spoke and thought, was obliged to live among hostile neighbors who did not understand him. He was thus obliged to live alone, not understanding the hostility. The paper shows that, furthermore, there appears to be in this character a timid purity that reminds the reader of the same trait in Christ. This appears to denote a fear of sex and procreation, which was part of Christ's and, indeed, of Myshkin's mission in the world. The paper shows that Myshkin's interactions with other characters and his characterization throughout the novel then reflect the main theme of the novel, which is redemption or the lack and impossibility thereof.
From the Paper
"Nastasya represents one of the sufferers in the novel, as she has been abused as an adolescent. This once again is a complicated issue of apparent redemption that is in truth a trap. The savior was Totsky, who took in Nastasya as an orphan. He was also however the obstacle towards salvation, in that he sexually abused the young Nastasya. For this, Myshkin observes that Nastasya suffers not only for the wrongs committed against her, but also for the pride and self-contempt that she carries within herself. Nastasya thus, in emancipating herself from Totsky, nonetheless remains her own prisoner. This is already clear when Myshkin sees her photograph for the first time. Nastasya is beautiful, but her life and attitude appear in her face:
"...her expression was passionate, and, as it were disdainful. She was rather thin in the face and perhaps pale." (p. 27)."
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Same-Sex "Marriage", 2001.
This paper is an explanation of a decision of a classroom debate that decided on the legality of gay marriage.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 18 sources, APA, AU$ 128.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a historical review of the efforts to legalize same-sex marriages. The paper connects the issue to other cases involving marital rights, cases involving discrimination, the connection of marriage to procreation and the legal recognition of same-sex partnerships. The paper analyzes the constitutional standing in the issue of marriage and concludes that there is no reason why gay marriages should be illegal.
From the Paper
"While most marriage statutes use gender-neutral language, the institution of marriage in modern Western society is generally regarded as extending only to male-female relationships. Same sex relationships, regardless of their duration, are not legally recognized in most countries and, as a result, homosexual partners are denied many of the legal and economic privileges automatically bestowed by marital status. These include employment benefits, the ability to file joint tax returns and -- perhaps most importantly since the advent of AIDS --health benefits and rights arising on the death of a partner, including interstate inheritance."
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Sex in "Genesis" and the "Epic of Gilgamesh", 2002.
A brief comparison of the issue of sexuality in the biblical book of "Genesis" and the historical "Epic of Gilgamesh."
958 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the principal difference between the use of sexuality in "Genesis" and the "Epic of Gilgamesh" is that in the former it is part of the curse of suffering and mortality while in the latter it precedes mortality -- literally. In both cases sex is domesticated, in the sense that it is necessary for procreation and the continuation of the human race. And in both cases sex is also domesticating, in the sense of being an agent of domestication. The writer explains that there is an enormous difference between the role of sexual relations in the account of the domestication of Enkidu and in the Biblical account of the sin of Adam and Eve and their expulsion from Eden; in the former it is a powerful human urge that can lead to advances in human civilization and in the latter it is something that humanity must overcome.
From the Paper
"Sex is far more incidental in the Gilgamesh epic than it is in the Book of Genesis in that while sexual relations can be a source of controversy -- as in Ishtar's frustration over Gilgamesh -- it is not repeatedly shown to be a source of conflict and an occasion of sin as it is in Genesis. The murderous sexual jealousy of Potiphar's wife resembles that of Ishtar in some ways but it takes place on the level of human-human interaction that has little to do with the kind of divine-human interaction that is central to Gilgamesh. In Genesis the all-powerful, ungendered god creates humanity and gives it free will which allows it to make mistakes in choosing between serving god and offending 'him.' But the god of Genesis is always interested in what happens to his people and wants them to persevere and win out. In the Gilgamesh epic the gods are largely indifferent to the fates of human beings whom they have created as servants and human procreation is just an ingenious means of perpetuating this race of servants. When the gods decide that Enkidu, and all humanity, must be mortal, however, there is no essential connection between this fact and the fact of human sexuality. This is not the case in Genesis."
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Emily Dickinson?s Poetry, 2002.
Examines the use of insects and little creatures in poems by American poet, Emily Dickinson.
1,224 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 1 source, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that one type of image that American poetess Emily Dickinson uses again and again is that of the insect or other tiny creature, with different insects being used as metaphors for love and sexual relations. The paper explains that the insect or other tiny creatures, such as the worm, seem to represent nature for Dickinson and particularly procreation and regeneration, perhaps because of a perceived role by insects in spreading seeds of plants and trees. Focusing on her poem "In Winter in My Room", a work which also reflects Dickinson's self-discovery and use of her immediate surroundings and experiences, the paper shows that Dickinson uses these images in different ways in her poetry.
From the Paper
"Much of the myth of Emily Dickinson centers on the fact that she lived most of her life in one house, and the concept of home is central in her work and is also embodied with her ideas of love; love for family, love for nature, and love for life. Dickinson's image of home is turned into an image of herself--her home is her world, and she has a perception of the architecture of the home that is akin to her perception of the architecture of the body. The home and the elements that make up the home, including its garrets, chambers, rooms, corridors, doorways, and windows, project the form of the poet's mind and bring the reader closer to Dickinson's evolving sense of "place," as person and poet. Other images objectify her inner life, including all of her major concerns--self, family, love, loneliness, madness, renunciation, nature, God, death, immortality, eternity, and poetry itself. Here again, the "home" is invaded by, and even improved by, the role of the insect, representing the regenerative element in nature."
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