| Papers [1-16] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "PARADIGM SHIFTS": |
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Paradigm Shifts, 2002.
This paper examines paradigm shifts.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
It presents historical examples such as Einstein and Darwin. It also explores current paradigm shifts relating to cloning, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and stem cell research.
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"Paradigm Shift", 2002.
An analysis of the "paradigm shift" in the "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" by Thomas Kuhn.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss the book "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" by Thomas Kuhn and explain what he means by "paradigm shift" within the realm of interpretation of revolutions that occur in science-specifically- the Copernican Revolution. By examining how the relationships of the perceiver of the revolution helps to transform the revolution, we can see how this idea pertains to the way that ideas are influenced not only from the inventor or creator of the revolution itself, but in the efforts of others that support it.
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Paradigm Shifts, 2002.
Uses "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" (T.S. Kuhn) to discuss paradigm shifts.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the theory of paradigm shifts developed by Thomas S Kuhn in "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions". It then applies the concept outside the sciences.
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"Mrs. Dalloway" and 20th Century Paradigm Shifts, 2003.
An analysis of Virginia Woolf's "Mrs Dalloway" in terms of the prevailing scientific paradigms in the age of Sigmund Freud and Albert Einstein.
863 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 49.95
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Abstract
Throughout the course of history, science has deeply influenced other aspects of culture. Revolutions in scientific research parallel new world views. Most importantly, new physical understandings of nature necessitate novel forms of expression in everyday society. In the early twentieth century, Sigmund Freud and Albert Einstein revolutionized society's notion of reality by sending shockwaves into many non-scientific fields. The paper shows that, in turn, this directly impacted commonly held world views. In 1925, Virginia Woolf published "Mrs. Dalloway", a novel which incorporates both Freud's and Einstein's new theories of reality in its stream of consciousness presentation.
From the Paper
"Einstein's notion that measurements of time, space, and mass are relative to the individual observer's space-time reference frame lead to society's conclusion of the relativity of truth. In Woolf's time, everything became relative due to the impact of Einstein's theory of relativity. As a consequence, the characters in Mrs. Dalloway present reality through their own subconscious interpretations as what is true for one observer will not always be true for another observer in a separate frame of reference. This device of multiple perspectives in Woolf's writing corresponds to the postulate in relativity that space and time measurements for one observer will not be the same as for another moving in relation to the first."
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Paradigm Shift in Instructional Learning, 2002.
Examining the move towards learner-centered instruction in education.
1,683 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of "learner-centered instruction" and explains the process whereby there is a change of focus of instruction from the perspective of the learner instead of from the perspective of the instructor. It explains how instructors now focus on what the students need to learn in the course rather than on what is needed to be covered in the course. This paper covers issues such as how this is implemented and difficulties in its institution.
From the Paper
"Research on cognition reveals that students who reflect on their learning are better learners than those who do not (Cross, 1996, p.6). Classes in which students are expected to receive information passively rather than participating actively, will probably not be as effective in encouraging students to think reflectively (King and Kitchener, 1994, p. 239). Learning is best described as knowledge construction and meaning through a process of gleaning information while interacting with the teachers, the instructional materials they peruse, their classmates and schoolmates."
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Paradigm Shift in Cancer Research & Treatment, 2002.
This paper evaluates the roles played by physics, chemistry and biology in cancer research and treatment.
2,986 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 13 sources, MLA, AU$ 143.95
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Abstract
The writer attempts to prove that while close cooperation among these disciplines may already be well established, such coordination is no less crucial to advancements in the quality and efficacy of cancer research and treatment. The paper gives a history of the disease and its treatments, concluding with the assertion that valuable treatment alternatives have been brought forward through multidisciplinary efforts.
From the Paper
"A report demonstrated that approximately 25 percent of apparent squamous tumors have demonstrable mucin production and behave more aggressively than their pure squamous counterparts suggesting that any adenomatous differentiation may confer a negative prognosis. The decreased survival is mainly due to more advanced stage and nodal involvement rather than cell type as an independent variable. Human immunodeficiency virus-infected women have more aggressive and advanced disease and a poorer prognosis. A study of patients with known invasive squamous carcinoma of the cervix found that overexpression of the c-myc oncogene was associated with a poorer prognosis. Number of cells in S phase may also have prognostic significance in early cervical carcinoma (National Cancer Institute 9)."
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Night Shift & Rotating Shift Nursing, 1999.
Effects on nurses' physiology, psychology and performance. Looks at the phenomenon of substance abuse amongst nurses.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 77.95
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From the Paper
"EFFECTS OF NIGHT SHIFT WORK ON NURSES AND NURSING PERFORMANCE
Introduction
This research examines the effects of night shift work on nurses and nursing performance. The findings of this examination are presented in discussions of the biological effects of shift work on nurses, the effects of night shift work on nursing performance, the relationship between shift work and substance abuse by nurses, and the implications for the profession of nursing of the effects of shift work on nurses and nursing performance.
Biological Effects
In the overall American work force, 15.9 percent of workers are assigned to shift work. Within the context of shift work, 6.3 percent of all American workers work evening shifts, 4.3.."
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Globalization Impact on Feminism, 2008.
This paper discusses the implications of the current paradigm shift that feminism is undergoing in response to the processes of globalization.
1,223 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 67.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the implications of globalization for feminism, including the "paradigm shift" that some scholars perceive feminism is undergoing in response to globalization. It also considers the kinds of issues to which feminist analysis is being challenged to pay attention. The writer notes that globalization has imposed new pressures on feminism, and feminism has responded by generating new types of feminism and new paradigms. The writer concludes with the hope that it is possible to construct a transnational feminism that is at the same time not hegemonic, one that respectfully incorporates and listens to the various discourses, yet somehow manages to build enough common ground to enable global feminists to work cohesively together.
From the Paper
"In like vein, Seyla Benhabib proposes building solidaristic communities in which we can acknowledge each other's diverse and multiple identities, while at the same time we can listen respectfully to each other, acknowledging the many strands that comprise our identities. In this way, there is hope of building up a respectful form of global feminist solidarity that can work to counter the most destructive forces of globalization. For example, there could be a site for a global community of feminists that oppose the depredations of the planet currently being unleashed by transnational corporations.
"Clearly, this new way of looking at feminism may be seen as a substantial paradigm shift."
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The Future of Philanthropy and Charity, 2003.
This paper discusses the future of philanthropy and charity, which is experiencing a paradigm shift in both its funding and implementation, and presents a case study analysis of Circle K International, a collegiate service organization.
15,285 words (approx. 61.1 pages), 53 sources, MLA, AU$ 403.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the words "philanthropy" and "charity" are often confused: ?Charity? directly meets or addresses the needs of a group or individual; whereas, ?philanthropy? aims at correcting the underlying social conditions causing such need. The author describes the two most significant trends in non-profits: The giving function, which refers specifically to the direct relationship between the donor and the service-providing charitable organizations, and the operations of the non-profits including its sources and methods of funding, its structures and strategies and its capacity for expansion and scope of mission. The author stresses that lessons learned from the business world are motivating these two trends to move toward a more accountable and a more efficient non-profit sector around the globe.
Table of Contents
Introduction
A Brief History of American Philanthropy and Charity
Global Philanthropy Today
Research
The Challenges
The Changing Welfare State
U.S. Developments
International Developments
Globalization
Inefficient Business Practices
The Opportunities
The Changing Face of Philanthropy
New Methods and Models
New Philanthropic Organizations
Corporation Contributions and Corporate Social Responsibility
Research Summary and Case Study Introduction
Case Study and Analysis
Circle K International
Structure
Trends
Assessment
Analysis and Recommendations
Conclusion
Figures
From the Paper
"While the business world has long known the benefits of infrastructure and capacity building, these expenses are often seen as an unnecessary premium in the non-profit world. The skill and vision necessary for conceptualizing and delivering quality social programming is often very different from that which is necessary to support internally organizational growth and improvements in quality. The analogy is clear in the business world ? many times the entrepreneur who creates a firm from scratch and brings it to major success is shown the door by future boards of directors because the entrepreneur does not have the skills to sustain long-term success. Those who best know a non-profit?s constituency and can best serve the mission of the organization are not the ones who can maintain the whole organization as a viable and growing business. Therefore, in the interest of service, the latter is often forgone."
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Paradigms, 2005.
This paper discusses paradigms and their application to business management.
1,440 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the paradigm is visualized as a structure for perceiving reality, which has been observed to shift over time in consequence with the variations in societal values or new scientific information but often have no strong basis for this variation. The author points out that the contemporary analysis of paradigms began with the publication of "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" by Thomas Kuhn in 1962 and was extended to other spheres through the books and videos of Joel Barker. The paper relates that the "nurture of capital" is considered to be an illustration of the paradigm shift, which has strived to reformulate many businesses from a structure of domination to the modus operandi of cooperation.
From the Paper
"The contemporary analysis of paradigms thus initiated with publication of the book "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" by Thomas Kuhn in 1962 and extended to other spheres through the books and videos of Joel Barker. The present day organizations have demonstrated a revolutionary change since 1960s. Varied factors impelled such variations. Growing telecommunications, increasing diversity of workers, their perspectives and expectations has resulted in varied values. The public become more conscious to necessitate the organization to become more responsible socially. Such elements have necessitated adoption of new paradigm so as to become more sensitive, flexible and compatible to the requirement and expectations of the demands of the stakeholders. Most of the organizations felt it essential to abandon the traditional top-down, rigid and hierarchical structures to become more organic and fluid forms. The managers felt is essential presently to address the requirements of the continual, rapid variations."
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Choosing a Paradigm, 2006.
This in-depth paper analyzes the methodology used by researchers in choosing a paradigm for research purposes while focusing on the philosophical presumptions which exist in regards to the nature of their primary research.
5,656 words (approx. 22.6 pages), 62 sources, MLA, AU$ 220.95
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Abstract
This well-researched paper defines the term 'research paradigm' as system of beliefs, values and techniques which are shared within a group or community. The writer of this paper focuses on research paradigms as a method of looking at the world while providing a specific foundation for researchers to understand what is going on around them. The writer contends and explains why paradigms are discernible by different sets of beliefs which are acquired from philosophical assumptions about the nature of reality. This paper focuses on both the positivist and interpretivist forms of paradigms as they relate to the field social science and research. Positivist paradigms stress significance and disposition while the interpretivist form of paradigms focus on substance and situation.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Social Science Research and Natural Science
What is a Paradigm?
The Positivist Paradigm
The Interpretivist Paradigm
Alternative Perspectives
Paradigms and Methods
Paradigms and the Research Proposal
Conclusions
References
From the Paper
"Pragmatists acknowledge the strengths and weaknesses of each tool. They recognize not only that science affects decision-making but also politics, ignorance, intuition, habit, and prejudice. They also understand the limitations--recommendations are tentative and of a probabilistic nature. Miles and Huberman comment that "we believe that all of us, realists, relativists, critical theorists, are closer to the center, with multiple overlaps." A growing body of social research takes a stand somewhere between the two schools of thought. Eclectic researchers recognize that no piece of social research can be entirely objective, since no researcher is value free. Even in an overtly rigorous quantitative, head counting study, some implicit decisions have already been made as to which heads are worth counting. Eclectic researchers can be more flexible in designing the research process."
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Nursing Shifts, 2000.
An examination of the professional, economic, medical, labor and personal issues and benefits and strategies related to changing nursing shifts from three 8-hour to two 12-hour shifts.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 14 sources, AU$ 167.95
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Abstract
"This research will examine issue fronts relevant to a changing nursing shifts from three eight-hour to two twelve-hour daily periods. The research will set forth the background and context in which such a change might be contemplated and discuss the benefits and strategies associated with instituting this change in a clinical health-care setting.
From the Paper
"This research will examine issue fronts relevant to a changing nursing shifts from three eight-hour to two twelve-hour daily periods. The research will set forth the background and context in which such a change might be contemplated and discuss the benefits and strategies associated with instituting this change in a clinical health-care setting.
1. Over the course of the 1990s, as the American unemployment rate has steadily fallen and the level of general prosperity steadily risen, there has emerged a body of cross-industry discourse on the subject of how best to manage workers and retain valued workers. Flexible staffing and scheduling have been one such response.
In its most general sense, flextime, as it is called, changes starting and ending times of a worker's schedule but..."
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Night Shift and Cancer, 2004.
This paper discusses the causes and effects of working night shifts as related to breast cancer.
2,555 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 125.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that only a few studies examine the direct relationship of working night shifts and breast cancer; but, based on the several studies that used different methods, medical researches have hypothesized that working night shifts puts women at greater risk of breast cancer. The author points out that the most common cause cited is the decrease in the level of melatonin and the exposure to bright artificial lights at night. The paper relates that the lack of melatonin as a risk factor to breast cancer is linked to the
overproduction of estrogen, another breast cancer-causing hormone. According to studies, melatonin regulates a hormone system?s production of estrogen; therefore, a decrease in melatonin can cause a reproductive system to produce more estrogen, thus allowing a higher risk of breast cancer.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Epidemiological Studies on Working Night Shift and Cancer
Links to Working Night Shift and Breast Cancer
Other Links to Working Night Shift and Breast Cancer
Conclusion
Policies to Address the Issue
From the Paper
"Melatonin is a hormone that is essential for the body. It acts as a protection against the growth and development of tumors. According to studies, during sleep at night is the peak time when melatonin is produced, specifically between 1 am to 2 am. Because working night shift deprives an individual from a night sleep, production of the right amount of melatonin is also being deprived. Thus, allowing a higher risk of developing cancer tissues. Daniel DeNoon, in his Hormone Melatonin Slows Breast Cancer, indicates the following report of David E. Blask of Bassett Research Institute in Cooperstown, N.Y. about the relationship of melatonin to growth of breast cancer."
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Middle Eastern Paradigms, 2008.
A look at established paradigms of women in the Middle East, including more recent research from a female anthropological viewpoint.
5,480 words (approx. 21.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 217.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses women in the Middle East and looks at both the economic and liberal paradigms of Muslim women from the perspectives of authors, scholars and journalists. The paper also notes that in the past Muslim women have been stereotyped as having had little if anything to do with the economic side of life for their families. Authors referenced in this paper point out that part of that erroneous reporting is due to the fact that previously only male anthropologists have conducted field work on Muslim women and their roles in the home and community. The author explains that now there is a more accurate picture to be presented available due to female anthropological research.
Outline:
Introduction
Economic Paradigm - Muslim Women I
Liberal Paradigm - Muslim Women
Economic Paradigm - Muslim Women II
Liberal Paradigm - Muslim Women II
From the Paper
"Economic Paradigm - Muslim Women I: Anne M. Jennings writes in Middle Eastern Women and the Invisible Economy (Jennings, 45) that there are old stereotypes about Muslim women and their participation in the family economic dynamics, and she believes research is needed in this area. For example, she explains that "thousands" of women earn money outside the home; this fact has been kept hidden largely because of the stereotype that the religion of Islam forbids women to be wage earners outside the home.
"Several reasons exist as to why the facts of female economics in Muslim countries have been unreported. One reason for this, Jennings writes, is that women often work in the "informal sector" - also called the "invisible economy" - and that money is rarely reported to agencies that collect taxes, for obvious reasons. Another reason for the seeming secrecy of women working outside the home is that Muslim males tend to deny that their wives are working, for reasons that are undisclosed by Jennings, but one can easily speculate that Muslim men may not wish to admit that their earnings are not sufficient to provide the family with adequate financial support."
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The Shift to Biofuels, 2007.
A discussion on the ecological, economic and political issues surrounding the shift to biofuels.
2,313 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the question whether or not governments should mandate the shift to biofuels. To address this issue, the paper discusses various related issues such as the role of governments in the expanded use of biofuels. The author argues in favor of governments mandating the shift to biofuels because of their authority, influence, clout and moral responsibility towards controlling and regulating the challenging shift to biofuels.
Outline:
Introduction
Biofuel Defined
The Role of Governments in the Expanded Use of Biofuels
Ecological & Economic "Ripple Effects"
Further Consequences to Mass Shift to Biofuels
Arguments For/or Against Mandating the Shift to Biofuels
Summary
From the Paper
"The impact of biofuel is extensive. With biofuel costing less than fuel derived from traditional sources (Matthews, 2007), their production and use allow countries to save in their petroleum imports and strengthen their energy security by becoming less dependent on foreign oil. Biofuel is also environment friendly as these fuels do not release toxic gas that lead to global warming and greenhouse effect. The production of biofuel also creates income and labor opportunities especially in developing countries (Matthews, 2007; Abano, 2007). This could subsequently lead to poverty alleviation and food security as more people will have jobs and money to buy food (Northoff, 2004). As the production of biofuels can be tailored to the environment of different countries, its production can be cost effective given the local sourcing of raw materials. Similarly, this diversifies agricultural and forestry production for use in a lucrative industry such as alternative fuel production (Northoff, 2004).
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Changing Economic Paradigms, 2006.
An analysis of the difficulties hunters-gatherers face when adapting a sedentary lifestyle and the negative outcomes of such adaptation.
2,566 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 125.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the difficulties that hunters-gatherers face, as they have to change their traditional way of life and adopt sedentary lifestyles in order to survive. The paper discusses this shift in economic paradigms and the negative consequences of it. It specifically discusses the various traditional values and customs of hunter-gatherer life, such as sharing and avoidance of accumulation of wealth that have had to be changed or abandoned.
From the Paper
"Anthropologists have long thought of hunter-gatherers as the last unchanged societies on Earth. For years anthropologists have fought to protect the lifestyles of hunter-gatherers. Today, it is becoming ever clear that this is a losing battle and that hunter-gatherers must change if they are to survive. In many places, the change simply involves adapting new technology. The hunter-gatherers of the Arctic are now using rifles and vehicles to aid in their lifestyle; however African hunter-gatherers face a different problem. Unlike the people of the Arctic, African hunter-gatherers are facing issues of limited space and forced sedintarism. In essence, the African hunter-gatherers must change their entire way of life or they will die out. The goal of this paper is to explore the difficulties that African hunter-gatherers, and indeed all hunter-gatherers face when attempting to shift from hunter-gathering to other economic modes. Before we can accomplish this, it is necessary to distinguish between problems that affect individuals and problems that affect an entire group. We will first exact the difficulties an individual faces when shifting economic paradigms and move towards societal difficulty. We will then explain some difficulties that arise when a group shifts economic paradigms. Finally, we will expound why an economic change occurs at all, given the previously discussed difficulties."
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