| Papers [1-16] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "OIL SPILLS": |
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Oil Spills, 2001.
An analysis of the economic, legal and ethical implications of oil spills.
2,645 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
This is a case study about the damage oils spill can cause to society. The author discusses the economic, ethical and legal implication of oil spills. Furthermore, he introduces Kant's and Rawls' philosophical theories on ethics and provides an example of Ashland official behavior during oil spills to support his argument.
From the Paper
"Balancing profit and ethical behavior is one of the hardest things that a company has to try to do. In the case of Ashland, company officials failed to act with sufficient care, thoughtfulness and foresight to prevent environmental tragedy. It was this kind of deregulation that of course marked the entire Reagan era in American politics and the environmental consequences of which we are still paying for. "
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Oil Spills, 2004.
An analysis of the environmental problem of oil spills.
2,238 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper claims that environmental oil spills are one of the most hazardous and preventable accidents that occur. The paper explains that, although there are a number of agencies that support the ongoing transport of oil via major waterways, by and large, such transport often leads to devastating consequences. The paper describes the importance of the establishment of stringent protocols for the safe transport of oil across waterways. The paper contends that environmental protection agencies need to work in collaboration with tanking and shipping organizations to ensure that every measure is taken to protect the environment from the hazardous effects of oil spills.
From the Paper
"Many oil tanker companies and major corporations such as Exxon have adopted protective measures to help guard against spills in the future. Despite these efforts however spills, small or large in nature continue to occur. Exxon even had another oil spill that was much smaller, but a spill nonetheless a few years after the Valdez disaster. Most of the companies involved in spills argue that the environment and ecosystems affected can recovery quickly and efficiently, and that most environments can return to a normal state of existence as they were before a spill. It is according to Dicks (1998) unrealistic to define recovery as a return to pre-spill conditions but rather recovery is defined as the re-establishment of a healthy biological community in which the plants and animals characteristic of that community are present and functioning normally (Dicks, 1998:2). Generally the area will not have the same composition or structure that was present prior to a spill and continues to change over time."
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Protecting Oil Spills, 2002.
This paper discusses ways to protect oil spills.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 28.95
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Abstract
This policy document proposes a framework for determining responsibilities of damages caused by oil spills from accidents in the sea and liabilities of the damages. It charts out general directions for the European Union and its member states with regard to the prevention of damage and the realization of compensation.
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Nigerian Oil Spills, 2002.
Examines the effect on the Ogoni tribe of the oil spills caused by companies such as Shell.
1,956 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 67.95
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Abstract
Oil has been an important part of the Nigerian economy since vast reserves of petroleum were discovered in the 1950s. In 1997, Nigeria earned over 95 percent of its foreign exchange from the sale of oil on the global market. This paper discusses the environmental damage on the Nigeria caused by oil spills, particularly on the Ogoni people of the Delta Region who claim that Shell Oil Company caused extensive damage to their way of life. The paper examines the damages that Shell was forced to pay out to the tribe, as well as the steps taken by the Shell and other petroleum companies to ensure less environmental damage.
From the Paper
"Although residents of the area also complain that tests should be taken to determine the extent of oil spills when they occur, this too, is passed up. The government of Nigeria has no labs that can test for oil pollution and international environmentalists are leery about doing work in the area because of the economic and political situation. As a result, the residents have never taken soil and water samples from despoiled areas. They have never tagged animals with sensors in order to chart disrupted habitats. They have never done a computer simulation to determine whether the canal that Shell built, in order to quicken the removal of oil from the river running through the village, has permanently changed the flow of the river. This was once seasonal but now flows year-round, thereby erasing cyclical ponds critical to spawning fish (Zachary)."
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Oil Spills, 2002.
This study looks at the oil spill problem from a more eclectic stance.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 7 sources, AU$ 76.95
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Abstract
Specifically, it will justify the assertion that oil spills occur from a variety of sources by bringing many of them to light. Upon this, it will be clear that there is indeed significant cause for concern and even greater need for a system-wide outlook on oil-leakage. After disclosing the various sources of oil spillage into the world's marine environments, the impact on marine ecosystems will be discussed, as will suggestions for prevention and spillage containment and recovery. Specific cases will be highlighted where appropriate. 8 pgs. 17 f/c. 7b.
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Nigerian Oil Spills, 2002.
Examines the vast environmental damage in Nigeria due to oil spills and other factors connected to mismanagement in the oil industry.
1,964 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 67.95
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Abstract
Oil has been an important part of the Nigerian economy since vast reserves of petroleum were discovered in the 1950s. In 1997, Nigeria earned over 95 percent of its foreign exchange from the sale of oil on the global market. Foreign oil companies dominated oil
exploration, drilling and shipping in Nigeria, with Shell Oil controlling approximately 60 percent of the country's domestic oil market. This paper examines the huge environmental damage in Nigeria caused by oil spills, gas-flaring and oil waste dumping. The paper looks at the destruction to the biodiversity of the affected regions, loss of wildlife and soil fertility and health problems. It looks, in particular, at the problems which affect the Ogoni people of the Delta region and the compensation Shell was forced to pay. Finally, the paper discusses the future of Nigeria's oil industry and Shell's promise to improve environmental concerns in the region.
From the Paper
"Critics note that such low-tech security operations can surely be significantly improved, especially when hundreds of millions of dollars are spent in developing technologies to discover oil under the ground. There are many oil pipeline surveillance technologies currently on the market, including a host of fiber optic sensors that detect stress in the pipelines and drilling equipment through subtle shifts in the optic wavelength. Researches at the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio have developed harmonic sensors that can be placed inside of pipes via the flow of oil and then attach themselves to the interior to measure outside force. And over the last two years, ChevronTexaco has invested tens of millions of dollars in startup companies that design pipeline sensor networks (ibid)."
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Oil Spills, 1991.
This paper discusses oil spills: The role of the U.S. Coast Guard in controlling tanker traffic and safety, reguations, costs, clean-up and double hull ships.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 51.95
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From the Paper
"Oil spills have become painfully familiar since the Exxon Valdez tanker ran aground on a reef in Alaska's pristine Prince William Sound on March 24, 1989. Spilling some eleven million gallons of crude oil and fouling more than seven hundred miles of shoreline, national wildlife refuges and national parks, the disaster caused the death of more than 36,000 migratory birds and many other species of wildlife and woke up the public to the catastrophic environmental and economic results of oil spills.
Consequently, Congress and other governmental agencies and environmental groups are riding a groundswell of support for tighter regulations on the shipping industry, targeting among other things the need for double hull standards for all oil-carrying vessels and making alcohol testing mandatory."
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The Prestige Oil Spill, 2008.
This paper looks at the lessons learned from the Exxon Valdez oil spill in order to evaluate the Prestige oil spill and its effects.
781 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Exxon Valdez oil spill and compares it to the Prestige spill. The paper analyzes the costs and environmental impact each spill had and offers suggestions to prevent more spills such as these from happening. These include the need to have stronger regulations on oil tankers, proper enforcement of maintenance on tankers and a willingness of governments to work together for a common good.
From the Paper
"On March 24, 1989, the Exxon Valdez ran aground on a reef in Prince William Sound, "rupturing its hull and spilling nearly 11 million gallons of crude oil" (NOS). In an attempt to circumvent an iceberg, the Valdez captain moved outside of the normal shipping lanes, thus running the large tanker aground. The oil spill that occurred resulted in a large clean-up operation--the largest yet in the world (NOS). Despite the huge impact of the spill, the ecosystem has proven quite resilient. Much of the affected areas look the same as they did before the spill. However, there are still long-term impacts of the spill, according to the NOAA."
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N.O.A.A. Emergency Response to Oil Spills, 2006.
This paper discusses the responsibilities and actions of the N.O.A.A.
3,557 words (approx. 14.2 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 106.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that N.O.A.A. stands for National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and that the organization's main responsibility is to clean up mess made by oil spills in the ocean. In this paper, the writer examines issues regarding oil spills and discusses the tasks of the N.O.A.A.
Contents:
What is N.O.A.A.?
What is an Oil Spill?
History of Oil Spills.
How NOAA Responds to Spills?
What Kind of Chemicals Do they Use for Cleanup?
How Long Clean Up Takes?
How Tools Being Improved Such as High-pressure and Hot Water Washing?
What is Done for Oiled Animals?
Are there Precautions Taken Against Spills?
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Oil spreads rapidly especially when it is light and the water is wavy because it helps the oils to move faster and spreads out easily. But then when the oil is heavy such as black oil, the spread of it is so slow because they are contained together and the fluidity is sticky. The condition of the water also matters with the spread of the oil and the temperature also. When the weather is cold the oil are somewhat frozen and solid so the spread of it is slow. In terms of weather, when it is windy and there is storm, we are expecting the oil to spread quick and fast, and what is hard to clean up is they are not contained in one area, some of them can be found in different areas and can be found also in the shoreline thus damaging the corals and the animals in the water."
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The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, 2006.
An examination of the public relations aspect of the Exxon Valdez oil spill.
1,563 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 55.95
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Abstract
The paper analyses the Exxon Valdez oil spill, which occurred on March 24, 1989. The paper examines the environmental concerns of the oil spill, Exxon Valdez being the largest ship ever built for the world's largest oil company. The writer explains that it was not only an industrial accident, but a "technological and organizational disaster" as well. The paper further analyzes the public relations disaster that followed, and concludes that had the crisis been handled differently, Exxon's reputation might well have been enhanced, rather than damaged.
From the Paper
"The industry's insistence on having its own way regarding the regulation of the Valdez tanker trade, and the government's incremental accession to industry pressure, culminated into a disastrous system failure (Details pp). The general public reacted with anger over the environmental damage and the mar upon the Alaskan wilderness (Details pp). The Exxon spill remains on the list of the world's largest oil spills during the past twenty-five years, and has come to be seen as the nation's largest environmental disaster, since Three Mile Island (Details pp)."
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Oil Spills, 1996.
Environmental damage, incidence, major spills, remedies & policy alternatives, prevention & punishment.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 20 sources, AU$ 51.95
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From the Paper
"This research paper discusses oil spills as an environmental issue with particular reference to the East Coast of the United
States. In recent years, the East Coast has suffered a large number of oil spills, a few of which have occurred in New England, but it has thus far avoided the very large spills of the type which have occurred elsewhere. Oil spills pose a major threat to the human and marine environment in the oceans, inland waterways and surrounding areas. This will continue so long as the world continues to rely to a large degree on petroleum as a major source of energy. Since the major Exxon Valdez spill in Alaska in 1989, the United States has begun to take measures to..."
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Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, 1990.
This paper discusses the Exxon Valdez oil spill of March 24, 1989, a tanker accident in Alaskan waters.: Economic, political and environmental ramifications.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 13 sources, AU$ 51.95
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From the Paper
" On Good Friday, March 24, 1989, Valdez, Alaska was thrust into the world spotlight as the tanker Exxon Valdez struck Bligh Reef, spilling 10 million gallons of oil into the marine-life-rich waters of Prince William Sound.
The oil spill resulting when the Exxon Valdez struck Bligh Reef was the worst in American maritime history. As the story unfolded, the public learned that the captain of the ship had apparently been drinking, that the third mate was in charge of the vessel at the time it struck the reef, and that safeguards which should have prevented such an accident existed, but were not operating the night of the accident ."
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Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, 2002.
This paper discusses how Exxon's public relations people effectively dealt with the Exxon Valdez oil spill into Alaska's Prince William Sound.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on what happened, what the PR strategy was and how successful Exxon's efforts were to limit the public relations damage.
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Exxon Valdex Oil Spill, 2002.
A review of the tragic oil spill that took place when the Exxon Valdex ship hit rocks in the Alaskan Sea.
9,552 words (approx. 38.2 pages), 145 sources, MLA, AU$ 210.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the environmental disaster that occurred when the Exxon Valdex ship hit rocks in the area of the Prince William Sound in Alaska. The paper begins with an exact description of the event as it occurred in March 1989, with the initial tragedy lasting hours and eventually days and weeks until it was cleared up. The paper includes numerous tables, charts and a map of where it all took place. Included in the research are the relevant issues, such as environmental, social, financial strains, legal issues etc.
From the Paper
"At 12:04 AM, 24 March 1989, a third-mate was solo-piloting the Exxon Valdez through Prince William Sound. The third mate, however, did not hold a United States Coast Guard certification to solo-pilot a ship the size of the Exxon Valdez through Prince William Sound (Wells & McCoy, 1989). Following a series of turns in an attempt to dodge floating ice, the ship shuddered to a stop "atop the Bligh Reef" (Wells & McCoy, 1989, A8). Moments before the grounding occurred, the ship had sailed beyond the Coast Guard's radar tracking area."
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Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, 1991.
This paper discusses the Exxon Valdez oil spill: Events surrounding the 1989 Alaska catastrophe, environmental damage, clean-up, costs, causes, ethics and public relations.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 128.95
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From the Paper
"On a calm, clear spring night in 1989, in Alaska's Prince William Sound, the bridge crew of the supertanker Exxon Valdez felt a strong thump, followed by a prolonged shuddering and loss of steerage way. Their ship had gone aground--not violently, not in a way that immediately endangered the ship itself, but enough to rip open the underside of the tanker's single hull, spilling hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil into the sea.
Within hours, emergency response measures were underway to recover the spilled oil and (above all) to prevent it from spreading out to befoul adjacent shorelines. These measures, however, were too little and too late. By the next day, the Exxon Valdez would be in the world's headlines, the lead story in network newscasts.
By the next week, the circumstances of the accident would be ... "
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Exxon Valdez, 2006.
The paper describes the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska and the full impact of this disaster.
2,794 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the oil spill accident that infused several million gallons of oil into a pristine wilderness area in Prince William Sound, Alaska, in 1989. The details of the spill are recorded and the writer also includes the conclusions of the Oil Spill Commission that investigated the accident. The paper explains the impact of the oil spill and how the subsequent efforts of ExxonMobil to repair the damage are still considered to be inadequate. The paper also quotes a recent study which concluded that far from having recovered, the Sound area persists to experience problems as a result of the oil spill but concludes that valuable lessons have been learnt from the Exxon Valdez disaster and great strides have been made since the disaster in setting up an oil-spill prevention system in the Sound.
From the Paper
"The oil tanker Exxon Valdez was a 987-foot ship, which was the second newest out of the 20 tanker fleets of the Exxon Shipping Company. The ship left the Alyska Pipeline Terminal at 9.12 pm, Alaska Standard Time on March 23, 1989 and was then loaded with 53,094, 540 gallons of North Slope crude oil to be transported to Long Beach in California. (The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Disaster) Exxon Valdez had hit at a reef in the Prince William Sound of Alaska on March 24, 1989 and it was considered as a nightmare. Within three hours if the incident, the Exxon Valdez was being grounded at Bligh Reef, with eight of its 11 cargo tanks being damaged and about several million gallons of crude oil were being spread into Prince William Sound. Before the occurrence of this accident Exxon Valdez had already transported oil through the Prince William Sound for more than 8700 times. Further before the occurrence of the Exxon Valdez disaster, the system of transiting of about 2 million barrels daily from the North Slope oil to the West coast and Gulf Coast markets had worked really well. Such complacency and efficacy were being affected when the Exxon Valdez had faced with the disaster on March 24. (Details about the Accident) This incident not only brought about revolutionary changes in Prince William Sound but also made the world to think seriously regarding the assurances, which were received from the corporations about their operations being safe."
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