| Papers [1-16] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "OIL POLLUTION": |
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Maritime Oil Pollution, 2002.
An examination of role of the Marine Pollution convention (MARPOL) and the United Nations in preventing maritime oil pollution.
1,854 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of Flags of Convenience as they pertain to maritime oil pollution. The writer explores UN and MARPOL mandates and discusses the Flags of Convenience. The writer then ties them into maritime oil pollution and presents recommendations for how this might be solved.
From the Paper
"As the world populations continues to grow and live longer than ever before it has become apparent that natural resources must be guarded with the utmost care and protection. It is those natural resources allow mankind to survive therefore their preservation is paramount to the success of the future. One of the biggest threats to the eco-system today is the threat of oil pollution. Through spills, dumping and other accidents the oil pollution in the world has threatened significant areas of the eco-system that are depended on. In recent decades there have been measurements taken to prevent oil pollution from destroying the eco system, and many of the mandates in place are indeed strong statements of protection, however, with the advent of ?flags of convenience? states those mandates have lost their clout and power, therby rendering them ineffective. Even MARPOL and the UN Convention on the Law of the Seas have been disabled by the FOC provisions."
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Oil Industry Pollution, 1997.
Examines industry since 1970s to determine economic, political, legal & public relations aspects of threats to environment from production to shipping to use.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 36 sources, AU$ 175.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine issues of pollution in the oil industry. The plan of the research will be to set forth the background and context in which pollution-related concerns have arisen in the modern period and then to discuss key factors of analysis that must be included in any comprehensive understanding of the connection between oil-industry activity and environmental pollution.
Understanding how and why pollution is at issue in the modern period requires first understanding the structure of the oil industry. The producers of oil at every stage of its movement through the marketplace, from the driller-explorers to the shippers to the refiners, are relatively few in number. They are interdependent inasmuch as they are rivals reacting to one another, but not necessarily to the consuming market. To the extent.."
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Oil and the Marine Environment, 2005.
An analysis of the effect of oil pollution on ocean life.
2,236 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the impact of underwater fossil fuel extraction and transportation on ocean life. It looks at how several accidents have happened during the ocean transportation of fossil fuels, polluting the surrounding ocean waters ,and killing marine life, and how offshore fossil fuel extraction may also lead to oil spills, polluting the surrounding environment. The paper examines the effect of oil pollution on ocean life from these two perspectives and argues that the environment cannot survive these accidents for long. Solutions are proposed, such as stricter controls on the specification of the ships used to transport fossil fuels and, maybe, the prohibiting of offshore drilling of fossil fuels.
From the Paper
"In order to understand the effects of oil pollution in the ocean life and the difficulties in identifying the invisible pollution, the difference between the short term and the long term effects of pollution should be taken into consideration. The short term pollution is the effect of the obvious pollution on the marine environment. One of the most significant examples of the short term pollution is the accident of Exxon Valdez. As Robert H day Et Al biologists say, on the 24th march 1989, the oil transportation tanker Exxon Valdez crashes the Prince William sound area in Alaska and within hours an incredible amount of oil had spilled into the marine environment."
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Marine Pollution, 2004.
An overview of the international laws concerning marine pollution.
5,121 words (approx. 20.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 166.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the problem of international liability and compensation for pollution caused by oil spills is specifically addressed by the 1969 International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage and the 1971 International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage. It also looks at how the issue of pollution is also the object of other international treaties and conventions, such as the MARPOL 73/78 Convention, Intervention Convention, the London Convention, and others.
From the Paper
"The experience of the IOPC Funds when it comes to analysis of the criteria laid down for the admissibility of compensation, is quite considerable. Settlement of claims founds itself on the definition of ?pollution damage?, which has is ?damage caused by contamination?. The examination of the criteria for the admissibility of claims for compensation, under the 1969 Civil Liability Convention, the 1971 Civil Liability Convention and the 1992 Protocols, was thoroughly performed in 1994 by a working group of the 1971 Fund. This examination was concluded by a Report, which now forms the basis for the 1992 Fund?s policy on the criteria for admissibility of claims. The Report was endorsed by the Assembly of the 1971 Fund and was adopted by way of a Resolution by the Assembly of the 1992 Fund. "
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Ocean Pollution, 2002.
This paper analyzes ocean pollution.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, AU$ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on key elements of ocean pollution: Oil pollution, toxic materials, dangerous debris and deposits and withdrawals. The author gives an overview of the efforts underway to prevent further pollution of the world's oceans.
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Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 2005.
This paper researches the implications of the 1973 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) Annex (VI) requirements on the sulfur content of fuel oil.
7,365 words (approx. 29.5 pages), 18 sources, APA, AU$ 210.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the MARPOL Annex VI protocol is concerned with the prevention of ship-source air pollution in the form of nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx) and other air-borne pollutants, but a number of challenges remain in terms of its effectiveness and enforceability, which are the subject of this study. The author points out that the research showed that the maritime industry continues to be the largest unregulated source of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions and represents serious long-term challenges to providing viable ozone standards in coastal regions. The paper concludes that any option that involves extensive re-blending or refinery processing changes, which will almost certainly produce a marine fuel substantially different in quality than the industry standard for the past 50 years have, will be costly and therefore driven largely by economic forces. Tables.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of Problem
Research Questions
Research Methodology
Review of the Literature
Background and Overview
Operational Aspects of a Sulphur Limit on Marine Fuels
Analysis and Discussion
Implications, Effects, and Challenges Faced by Operators, Owners, Authorities on the Low Sulphur Cap
Invest in Residue Desulphurisation (RDS)
The Availability of Low-Sulphur Fuels in the Future
Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendations
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Article 211 of the 1982 LOS Convention provides the general guidelines for vessel-source pollution; for example, Article 211(3) requires the port state to notify others, through the International Maritime Organization (IMO), of requirements to be met before a vessel is permitted to enter the port state's territorial waters. Today, the IMO has around 160 members and is headed by a secretary-general, who serves a four-year term and oversees a Secretariat staff of approximately 300--one of the smallest UN agency staffs. All members are represented in the Assembly, the IMO's primary policy-making body, which meets once every two years. The Council, originally consisting of 24 members but subsequently increased to 32 (a 1993 resolution suggested an increased membership of 40, but it remains unratified); the Council meets twice each year and is tasked with governing the organization between Assembly sessions."
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Air Pollution and Its Control, 1985.
This paper discusses air pollution: Classes of pollutants, effects, control techniques and L.A. air pollution.
1,012 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 25 sources, AU$ 175.95
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From the Paper
"Major air pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, photochemical oxidants, particulate matter and lead. Additionally, a wide variety of other chemical gasses, mists, fumes and particles have the potential to pollute the air. Some seemingly harmless substances, such as wheat flour, may be considered local pollutants when dust impairs the breathing of workers.
Three air pollutants are frequently discussed together due to interrelated chemistries. These include hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and photochemical oxidants, especially ozone (O3). The family NOx includes nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ammonia (NH3) and other nitrogen ... "
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Pollution, 2005.
The causes and effects of pollution.
2,864 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 110.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the fundamental causes of pollution and its effects on the environment. It looks at the categories of pollution, explains the differences in these categories and describes the different types of polution in the water and the sources of this pollution. The paper also dissusses air pollution and describes its two main causes as well as its dangers. Finally, the paper discusses the long term effects of pollution, and what we can do to help alleviate the problem and prevent further damage.
Table of Contents
Pollution Categories
What is the Pollution in the Water
What is the Pollution in the Air
Pollution Effects - Long Term
But What Can be Done
From the Paper
"Environmental pollution is a serious threat that jeopardizes both plant and animal survival on the planet. Water and atmospheric pollution become more of a danger each passing year as the population explodes and the resources of the planet become more difficult to access. Emerging societies are also demanding the same types of luxuries and materials that the Western world has convinced them that are the symbols of civilized society. This demand is also increasing the need for more production and as a consequence is causing more environmental pressure."
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Gulf War Pollution, 2001.
This paper describes the after effects of pollution caused in the Gulf War.
3,235 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 121.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a study of some of the most significant long-term and short-term effects of air-pollution that were produced as a direct result of the Gulf War. According to the paper, this pollution was caused by the burning of Kuwaiti oil fields. The paper explains the ways in which warfare is involved in environmental destruction including an analysis of air pollution during the war and the effect of air pollution of those people who were most directly exposed to it, including American soldiers and personnel who have been diagnosed with what is now generally referred to as Gulf War Syndrome.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Scope and Background of Problem
3. Proposed Project
4. Analysis and Results
5. Conclusions and Recommendations
From the paper:
"This proposal looks at three specific consequences of air pollution during the Gulf War, or rather at three sets of phenomena that are considered by many people to be consequences of air pollution during the war: The cluster of symptoms experienced by American soldiers and personnel called Gulf War Syndrome; any civilians in the war zone that are also suffering from similar syndromes; and the any similar effect on other mammals (i.e. wildlife) that were also exposed to the air pollution during the war."
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Air Pollution Control in Ann Arbor, 2006.
A look at regulatory efforts for fighting air pollution in the Ann Arbor region of Michigan and the implications of these regulations for fighting air pollution throughout the country.
3,825 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 196.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the regulatory environment for air pollution and its control in the Ann Arbor region, noting that Ann Arbor is key to the fight against air pollution through the actions of the National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory in the city. The organization provides a technical review of the issue and of the technical and regulatory issues involved in controlling emissions to reduce air pollution.
From the Paper
"Air pollution affects the Ann Arbor region as it does other major cities, and Ann Arbor is also key to the fight against air pollution through the actions of the National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory in the city. The organization provides a technical review of the issue and of the technical and regulatory issues involved in controlling emissions to reduce air pollution. This organization and researchers at the University of Michigan provide recommendations, expertise, and analysis for various governmental organizations at different levels across the country to address the regulatory issues raised by air pollution and the need to reduce it and its effects."
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Air Pollution in Italy, 2009.
An assessment of the air pollution in Italy.
2,301 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 92.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the sources of pollution in Italy, at the transport of pollution, the level of the phenomenon, as well as the effect it has on the population. The paper also considers the regulations imposed by the EU and the national states to reduce emissions. The paper shows that pollution represents a major issue for the Italian state and action must be taken in order to reduce the quantity of polluting agents because the health of the population will eventually be affected.
Outline:
Sources of Pollution in Italy
The Transport of Pollution
The Level of Pollution in Italy
Effects on the Population
Measures Taken by the Authorities
From the Paper
"Globalization is beginning to put its mark on the environment at a global scale. More and more countries and regions in the world are facing increased levels of pollution due to the irresponsible development of industries and areas which represent high sources of pollution. At the global level action is being taken especially through the Kyoto Protocol to reduce these effects. Nonetheless, the situation is according to specialists out of control and increased measures must be taken in order to reduce the potentially irreversible effects of the industrial pressure that is affecting the global environment."
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The Economic Effects of Air Pollution, 2006.
A discussion regarding the economics of air pollution in developed and developing countries.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
This essay deals with a number of economic issues raised by air pollution in developed and developing countries. The general argument is that although developed and developing countries have similar issues to deal with when it comes to air pollution, there are also important differences between the developed and developing countries in terms of air pollution. The paper goes on to say that the first major difference was the sources of air pollution. In developed countries air pollution mostly comes from motor vehicles like car, trucks and SUVs. In developing countries air pollution is coming from industrialization, car use and increasing energy consumption. In both developed and developing countries air pollution is a by-product of other economic activities.
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Pollution in the Delaware River, 2005.
An overview of the ongoing problem of pollution in the Delaware River.
1,164 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the Delaware River is currently being polluted from industries along its banks and from runoff from rainwater and how, although it is cleaner than it has been in years, the fish from it are still unsafe to eat due to high levels of PCBs in the water. It looks at how, although efforts are currently underway to reduce the amounts of pollutants in the river, oil spills like the one that recently occurred, undermine these efforts and kill or sicken large numbers of wildlife in the area.
Outline
Introduction
Water Pollution
Dubious Honor
Problems with PCBs
Failing Pollution Standards
Protectors
Recent Problems
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Although the executive director of the "Delaware River Basin Commission (DRBC) stated that the Delaware River in 2003 is the cleanest it has been in decades, the presence of PCBs remains a problem (Unknown, Newswire)." The high amount of PCBs in the river have forced states to issue warnings about consuming fish from the river due to the detection of high amounts of PCBs in their tissues. The DRBC hopes to eventually eliminate these warnings by finding ways to lower the amounts of PCBs in the river. They are currently working with "Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, and the EPA to develop the technical basis for four TMDLs to address four different water quality zones in the river's tidal reach, the 85-mile stretch from Trenton, N.J., downstream to the head of the Delaware Bay, and near Liston Point, Delaware (Unknown, Newswire).""
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Water Pollution in China, 2006.
A look at the problem of water pollution in Shenzhen, China.
2,336 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the problem of water pollution and its effects on the economy and personal lives of China's citizens. In particular, the paper focuses on the water pollution problem in the city of Shenzhen in the Guangdong province. The paper explains how the process of urbanization has contributed to the water pollution problem, looks at how water pollution can undermine an entire city by affecting the economy, environment, and people of the area and discusses what will happen if the problem is not addressed as well as what measures can be undertaken to reduce the amount of water pollution in the region.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The City of Zhenzhen
The Problem
Polluted Water Sources
Causes of Water Pollution
Outlooks
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In China, urbanization has been occurring at a rapid pace; in the year 1986 China's state council officially designated 29 new cities. This addition of new cities, many located in rural areas away from the largest metropolitan areas of China has resulted in major urbanization of the country in the last thirty years. The province of Guandong is undergoing major growth and change; the city of Shenzhen is one example of this rapid growth."
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Ocean Pollution, 2002.
A study into the causes of pollution in the ocean and the grave effect it has on the ocean-life and waters.
2,012 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the causes and effects of pollution in the world's oceans. The paper lists the causes of this pollution, including oil spills, tanker discharges, untreated municipal wastes and agrochemical residues. In addition to these major causes, the paper also includes a look at the smaller ,yet more common causes, such as medical wastes, beach visitors? garbage and waterfront businesses.
From the Paper
"An ocean organism's internal environment is highly influenced by many external factors. Many marine invertebrates are conformers and have the ability to thrive around the world. They have no need to control their internal environment since the external environment is fairly constant in terms of temperature, oxygen tension, and nutrients. However, with the threat of pollution, the marine invertebrates ability to live within the dirtied and toxic waters are compromised, therefore, resulting in fewer numbers for reproduction, production and harvest."
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