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Evolution of Navigation Systems in Train Travel, 2008.
An examination of the different types of navigation systems used to assist travelers to find their destinations.
1,008 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how rail navigation systems evolved from transit maps to the sophisticated technological devices used by travelers today. The writer explains the importance of cartographic design and simple and recognizable images in assisting passengers to navigate train stations. The writer also discusses the growing use of global positioning systems by both travelers and rail management, who use a more advanced version, the differential global positioning system, in order to track trains in areas that are obscured by obstacles such as hills and tunnels, and avoid collisions.
Outline:
Introduction
Early Navigation Systems
Contemporary Train Travel
Evolution of Effective Navigation Systems
Pictograms
Global Positioning Systems
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As rail networks grew in number, competition among the different lines became fierce; this was particularly true during the mid 1800s. During this period, growth was particularly rapid: Britain had 6,900 miles of track, and the United States had 9,000. One factor that clearly mattered to travelers was to know how to navigate within the system; another was the efficiency of the navigation system, and of the train line itself. After all, the point of taking a train was, primarily, to reach a specific destination, and within a specific timeframe. Without efficient map systems, it was difficult to achieve that goal."
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Electronic Navigation Systems, 2004.
An examination of electronic navigation systems for ships and aircraft.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the electronic navigation systems and instruments used historically for navigational purposes. The paper presents the history of navigational aids and the development of the various electronic navigation systems. The different systems in use today are examined.
From the Paper
"Electronic navigation systems are continually developing in order to provide pilots and captains the ability to precisely navigate both ships and aircraft under even the most treacherous of conditions. Modern technological advances have changed the way navigators estimate time, location and distance to destination. Among the electronic navigational instruments used in contemporary society are radar devices including the DECCA and LORAN. GPS is also a commonly used electronic navigational system that has afforded pilots the ability to estimate distance and location with high precision. Electronic navigation has enabled pilots of aircraft to make estimates that are within a 90% or more accuracy range. The primitive systems utilized by early navigators would never approach the precision of modern day systems."
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The Navigation Act of 1600, 2002.
This paper looks at the effect the Navigation Act of 1600 had on American history.
1,395 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the Navigation Act of 1600 laid the groundwork for what was to eventually become the American Revolution. The author gives the reader a brief history of the political climate in England that lead to the passage of the Navigation Act and its accompanying taxes and details how they came to affect the lives of the colonists, especially those living in New England. According to the author, the people living in New England made their livelihood from the majority of the items that were now heavily taxed by this new law, which lead to them feeling increasingly isolated from England. This Act or set of taxes, was the first of many subsequent laws which placed an increasing burden upon the colonists and led to the American Revolution.
From the Paper
"By the 18th century, the relationship between the American colonists and Britain and the British Parliament had as its basis a complex pattern of economic ties and conditions. The fact that the American Revolution was initiated over taxes and economic independence more than any other single issue was no historical accident, for while Britain and the American colonies were tied together in a number of cultural, social and political ways, the relationship (as is the rule between a mother country and her colonies) remained at base an economic one."
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Verizon Cell Phone Navigation, 2006.
This paper describes the Verizon company's low cost cell phone navigation system.
1,505 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper describes Verizon's VZ Navigator service. The paper explains that, after downloading the VZ Navigator applet into his or her cell phone, the subscriber uses the phone keypad to feed in a city and street address or zip code; whereby, the phone immediately fixes on the destination by searching for the GPS-equipped nearest cell tower. The author relates that the servers of the phone service provider download mapping information to the subscriber's cellphone; thereafter, the handset is disconnected from the network, the phone locks onto the orbiting GPS satellites and the routing begins using an online map that is mobile while traveling. The paper reports that the system functions comparatively well; however, when the voice warns about forthcoming turns, there are occasions when street names are not pronounced right, the wrong name is given as a result of an error in the data entry of the central server or the mapping information is outdated.
From the Paper
"The second menu is local search that provides basic searching tool informing about "local ATMs and Banks, Attraction and Recreation, Automotive, Business services, Health Care, Lodging, Personal Services, Places of Worship, shopping etc". The third menu of My Places provides quick access to the frequently locations which are being used. The Maps menu provides the maps of the area with real time updating, while moving. The Options menu allows changing the GPS options from metric unit display download options and altering the voice and detail of the VZ Navigator voice announcer."
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Galileo: Europe?s Global Navigation Satellite System, 2002.
A study on the European global navigation satellite system, Galileo.
1,425 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the development of Europe's own global navigation satellite system, Galileo. It describes the cost and technology involved in the project. The author writes many industries will also benefit from the launching of the system, but perhaps the greatest benefits of the program rely in the residual effects, as the program creates more jobs, and the European economy will improve as a result of it.
Table of Contents
Purpose and Mission
Costs, Sources of Funding
Operational Data: Launch Timeline
Outlook: The Future of Galileo
Agriculture and Fisheries
Science and Engineering
Transportation
Benefactors of Galileo
From the Paper
"Galileo is a global navigation satellite system which has been a project supported and funded by a consortium between the European Commission and the European Space Agency. European independence is the primary factor in the development of Galileo, prior to the development of Galileo Europeans had no other option but to take positions from the satellites of foreign countries. There are a total of 15 countries working in consortium on this project either directly or indirectly."
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Prince Henry the Navigator, 2008.
This paper discusses Prince Henry the Navigator and his investment in expeditions to Africa.
957 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that Prince Henry the Navigator never traveled on an expedition himself, but he sponsored many. The paper then looks at the history of Prince Henry's birth and heritage and discusses the reasons behind his sponsored expeditions. The paper relates that Prince Henry wanted to spread Christianity and he was able to do this with his expeditions.
From the Paper
"First, it is important to look at the history of Prince Henry's birth and heritage. Prince Henry was born in 1394 as a son of King John I. "Henry was born in 1394 as one of the sons of the Portuguese King John I, founder of the Aviz dynasty" (Engels 2006). In fact, he was the third son of King Joao. "His mother, the Queen, was Philippa of Lancaster, the daughter of John of Gaunt" (Henry the Navigator 2006). Henry persuaded his father to take part in an expedition against the Muslims. When Henry was involved with his brothers in this movement to stop the Muslim stronghold in Morrocco, Henry learned about riches in Africa. Henry wanted part of these riches, but he knew the only way this was going to happen was if he could travel directly to these lands where he hoped to find gold (Engels 2006). Therefore, he allowed different expeditions in order to try to find wealth. However, he never actually went on an expedition. "Truth is, Prince Henry of Portugal never set sail on voyages of discovery" (Africans in America 2006). While he never participated in the expeditions, he did sponsor many expeditions."
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Netscape "Navigator" vs. Microsoft "Internet Explorer", 2002.
A comparative study on these two internet browsers and their functionality.
2,468 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the literature and study conducted on the advantages of Netscape's "Navigator" program over Microsoft's "Internet Explorer". Statistics provided show that worldwide use of Internet Explorer, is up while Netscape?s share of the market has plummeted from 33.43 percent in February 1999 to 13.90 percent in June 2000. The study compares Netscape Navigator 6 with the Microsoft 5.5 release using a simple property font code to show the differences that still exist. The paper includes a look at the differences and similarities between the two programs with comments on their abilities to perform.
From the Paper
"Part of this problem is still related to the fact that both Netscape and Microsoft still rely for the most part on HTML scripting, even though both are making bold and blatant overtures to the growing XML groups (Yager 2000). Microsoft, in October of this year plans to begin sending out copies of its new Microsoft.NET program that is its first venture into a fulltime commitment to XML."
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Navigating Freedom in "Uncle Tom's Cabin", 2007.
An analysis of the theme of freedom" in "Uncle Tom's Cabin" by Harriet Beecher Stowe.
1,905 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the author's struggle with the question of abolitionism and the societal value of the African-American characters in the novel "Uncle Tom's Cabin". The writer attempts to navigate an apparent contradiction in terms of the institution of slavery versus Jefferson's declaration that "all men are created equal." In particular, the writer discusses the meaning of the final chapters, encompassing Tom's death and the departure of three major African-American characters to Liberia. The writer contends that Stowe was perfectly willing to fight the evils of slavery, but she did not go so far as to ascribe the status of true person-hood to former slaves and that didn't necessarily challenge the claim of black inferiority so much as she simply challenged the morality of the institution of slavery.
From the Paper
"A major technique of Stowe's in the spreading of the abolitionist message via Uncle Tom's Cabin was to emphasize Tom's humanity by assigning him traits that showed his extraordinary faith to God, as well as the application of such faith in the service of his fellow slaves, who were attempting to escape from Legree. However, it is interesting that Stowe focuses almost completely on Tom's religious traits. Scholars such as Elizabeth Ammons have equated this to a feminization of Tom, asserting that he is "gentle, pious, chaste, domestic, long suffering and self-sacrificing. In a nineteenth century heroine, those attributes would not seem strange" (162). This "feminization" doubly removes Tom from the political sphere (as neither women or blacks had a political voice at the time). "
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The Mediterranean Stopover Ecology, 2004.
The Mediterranean stopover ecology in the orientation and navigation context.
2,632 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 23 sources, MLA, AU$ 103.95
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Abstract
Migratory birds face navigation and orientation challenges. This paper explains how, in order to face those challenges, they are equipped with an inherited route direction and distance information and with an ability to calibrate it with environmental cues, such as geomagnetism, celestial rotation, the sun and polarized light, wind, odors, landmarks, and visual and vocal contact with their co-species. It examines how the variability in the characteristics of these cues over time and in respect to the geographic position of the bird during the migration can result in disorientation, navigational errors, and a consequence disposition. It examines the stopover sites in the Mediterranean basin, which, besides being important refueling stations for migratory birds, have also the capacity for serving as a multi-cued reorientation sites that facilitate landmark, visual, vocal, and even olfactory navigation. These sites in general, and Eilat in particular, can study the target sites of numerous species by combining direction studies with distance studies migratory species and thus set the stage for future navigation-related studies.
From the Paper
"Migratory birds seek to exploit temporal food resources in different parts of the globe in winter, and to come back to the breeding grounds in spring (Terril, 1991). In order to successfully reach that goal, birds must not only correlate their migration phenology with ecological dynamics at the destination, but must rely on an efficient, calibrated and accurate navigation system, coupled with a strong sense of orientation (Wallraff, 1991). Migration under poor navigational ability and/or orientation mistakes can result both in arriving to unsuitable habitats and in unsuitable arrival timing (Busse, 1992). Such errors force migratory birds to reorient and reroute their direction, a process that is not only time consuming, but also results in the elongation of the initial route by up to twice the original distance (Busse, 1992)."
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Navstar Global Positioning System, 2003.
This paper discusses the Navstar Global Positioning System, a space-based radio navigation system.
1,345 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 14 sources, MLA, AU$ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Navstar Global Positioning System (GPS), created in 1973 by the United States of America?s Department of Defense and now operated by the U.S. Air Force, is a highly effective way to calculate, by using twenty-four space satellites in six different orbits, the exact location of a point on the earth. The author points out that, although the GPS was first invented and used mainly by the military, it is now used for nonmilitary applications from routing police and fire trucks on 911 emergency calls to finding directions for private automobile drivers. The paper relates that, over the past ten years, the price has decreased by up to 20 percent each year and continues to drop as the merchandise becomes more and more precise.
From the Paper
"In 1978, when the first round of satellites were launched, the results were less than perfect, but today the system works the exact same way with almost terrifying accuracy. Even though the results have improved, the concept is the same. GPS, which is comparable to GLONASS, a similar system developed by the Soviet Union, is made up of three segments: the space, user, and control segments. The space segment, as previously stated, consists of twenty-four satellites (3 spares) that are located 20, 190 kilometers above the earth?s surface in six orbital planes that cover the sphere of the earth evenly. They orbit in 12 hours; providing every place on earth with visibility to at least the four necessary satellites for the system to work. Also, for the polar areas to be viewed completely, the satellites are at a 55? angle to the equator."
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Airliner Communications & Passenger Electronics, 1996.
Incidence, problems & solutions of interference of portable electronics (phones, radios) with navigation & communications systems.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, AU$ 72.95
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From the Paper
"ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE (EMI) WITH AIRLINER ON-BOARD COMMUNICATIONS AND NAVIGATION SYSTEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF PASSENGER-CARRIED PORTABLE ELECTRONICS EQUIPMENT
Introduction
Background on the Problem
Persistent reports have linked electromagnetic interference (EMI) with airliner on-board communications and navigation systems with the use on such aircraft of passenger-carried portable electronic equipment (Nordwall, 1993, p. 32). The problem is exacerbated by two developments--portable electronic equipment has proliferated, and the smaller size and low-voltage characteristics of modern aircraft electronics causes them to be increasingly vulnerable to EMI. In response to these events, some a..."
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Electronic Retail Commerce, 2000.
An examination of the opportunities, challenges and obstacles for online selling including history, examples, comparison to offline commerce, business models, catalogues, consumer navigation, credit card security, "shopping cart" and more.
5,850 words (approx. 23.4 pages), 14 sources, AU$ 175.95
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Abstract
This analysis shall attempt to discern the development, promise, problems, and implications of electronic commerce, with a particular emphasis on electronic retail selling over the World Wide Web. It shall attempt to determine the chief issues facing electronic retail commerce and provide some general, preliminary guidance that would be useful to the retailer when seeking to understand the implications of e-commerce for his or her business.
From the Paper
"The Virtual Storefront
" A Survey of Online Retail Shopping:
Prospects and Challenges
Introduction
This analysis shall attempt to discern the development, promise, problems, and implications of electronic commerce, with a particular emphasis on electronic retail selling over the World Wide Web. It shall attempt to determine the chief issues facing electronic retail commerce and provide some general, preliminary guidance that would be useful to the retailer when seeking to understand the implications of e-commerce for his or her business.
The essay begins with a brief thematic introduction that presents an overview of the growth of electronic retailing, and a..."
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Global Positioning System (GPS), 2001.
How GPS works using satellites and its purposes (navigation and communication).
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 51.95
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From the Paper
"The ability to return to a specific location or to know the exact position of where one is has been a major dilemma since our evolution into a bipedal organism. Prior to the introduction of sophisticated navigational systems, humans found their way around the planet using the stars, recognizable landforms, or by marking trails so that the return to an initial location is possible.
The necessity of a more precise system of navigation began to appear as a result of military interventions throughout the world. This need to know where soldiers were located on a battlefield or where a ship was headed to led to the development of our modern Global positioning system (GPS) system."
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Use of Information Technology within Organizations, 2008.
A discussion on the use of information technology in organizations.
2,642 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper is a discussion of the use of information technology within organizations. It includes a description and analysis of hardware, software, databases, and networks used within the individual companies. The team members discussed in the paper also share their recommendations for improvements and enhancements to existing company systems. The team members also discuss how the changing business environment has affected the decisions the team members' organizations have made in the use of information technology. The paper concludes by comparing the various organizations' technological capabilities using a rating grid. The grid rates the technological capability - good use of technology, poor use of technology and includes an overall opinion of the technology employed at each team members' company.
Outline:
Introduction
Uses of Computer Hardware and Software
MoneyGram
Trimble Navigation Limited
Deare Recruiting Solutions
NBC
Use of Databases
MoneyGram
Trimble Navigation Limited
Deare Recruiting Solutions
NBC
Use of Networks
MoneyGram
Trimble Navigation Limited
Deare Recruiting Solutions
NBC
Recommended Improvements
MoneyGram
Trimble Navigation Limited
Deare Recruiting Solutions
NBC
Changing Business Environment
Technological Capabilities - A Comparison
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Interestingly, as the members discussed the technology used by their companies, they focus on those that they had specific knowledge about. The assumption can be made that they only discussed a small portion of the technology used. When asked about recommendations for improvements, the responses all relate directly to technologies that they interface with rather than discussing how a new use of technology within the business environment.
"The business climate is changing. As such, the use of information technology with the organizations either has changed or will be changing. The members acknowledge that some of the change will have a positive impact on course of their respected organizations."
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Organizational Structure, 2002.
Electronically navigated working environments.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, AU$ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the effectiveness of an experiment to demonstrate how electronically navigated working environments affect organizational structures.
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Portugal and Spain, 2004.
Biographical account of Portuguese explorer, Prince Henry the Navigator.
888 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 40.95
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Abstract
The focus of this paper is on Portuguese explorer, Prince Henry the Navigator, and the tools and techniques he introduced to his sailors, which revolutionized sailing and furthered exploration more than anyone else had up to that point.
From the Paper
"The Portuguese are an adventurous people, and Henry knew that if he could just capitalize on this, he could drive his sailors to go farther and do more than anyone else had up to that point. From the Muslims, ?[the Portuguese] had learned better ship design, cartography, sailing, and navigation and math skills (European Age of Exploration).? To that end, Henry established an observatory and the first school for navigators in Sagres, Portugal, where he lived. Before the sailors could be taught anything new, however, Henry had to work to convince them that their fears would not come to pass. ?Expeditions moved slowly due to the [sailors?] belief that waters at the equator were at the boiling point, that human skin turned black, and that sea monsters would engulf ships (Mariner?s Museum).?"
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