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"Moral Beliefs", 2004.
An analysis of Philippa Foot?s "Moral Beliefs".
1,599 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the concept of moral relativism is extremely troubling for many and how the human animal is desperately in need of a certain ?moral order,? or an intense longing to have life?s issues, events, and decisions neatly classified into realms of ?good? and ?bad,? ?right? and "wrong". It looks at how, in her work "Moral Beliefs", Philippa Foot gives her take on this issue, namely, in her response to the viability of systems of belief that allow moral eccentrism, the foundation on which moral relativism is built, and her belief in the untenability of the non-cognitivist position.
From the Paper
"In addition to the established meaning derived from their commonly understood use, Foot also explains that all of these words have an internal judgment placed on them, or an assessment of their ?value? good or bad, based on their internal relationship to an ?object.? Further, it is the connection between the value, the object, and the logical reason that allow one to make the correct (and not relative) judgment concerning that value. Foot specifically makes the leap from the more mundane life value judgments represented by fear, danger, pride, etc, to ?those attitudes or beliefs which are the moral philosopher?s study.?(91) In specific, she writes, ?Now we must consider whether those attitudes or beliefs?are similar, or whether such things as ?evaluation? and ?thinking something good? and ?commendation? could logically be found in combination with any object whatsoever.?"
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"Beliefs Matter: Cultural Beliefs and the Use of Cervical Cancer Screening", 2002.
Analysis of article that argues that cultural beliefs affect our health behavior.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
The article by Chavez, McMullin, Mishra and Hubbell (2001) presents the results of a study conducted to investigate the research question: to what extent do cultural beliefs affect health behavior?
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Nuclear Weapons and Moral Choices, 2008.
An exploration of the moral beliefs held by the scientists instrumental in developing the nuclear atomic bomb.
2,871 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 124.95
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Abstract
The paper presents the thesis that the physicists instrumental in the design and development of the nuclear atomic bomb held a level of pride in their accomplishment as well as regret for its potential for destruction, death and war. The paper describes the Manhattan Project and examines the personal moral standards of the scientists who developed it. The paper shows how regrets were certainly held by Bethe, Oppenheimer, Haber and other scientists and physicists sharing in the atomic energy and weaponry projects.
Outline:
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
The Manhattan Project
Moral Responsibility of the Physicist
Hans Bethe
Julius Robert Oppenheimer
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work entitled: "Invisible: Atomic Bomb Efforts in the US, USSR and National Socialist Germany" relates that governments and physicists both came to realize "simultaneously...that their discoveries had military potential. If any nation could harness the energy of nuclear fission in an explosion, a super bomb would be possible." (Open Society Archives, 2007) The second World War erupted in Europe in 1939 and the publications concerning nuclear subject matter "disappeared from scientific journals and the race to the nuclear bomb was on." (Open Society Archives)"
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Basic Puritan Beliefs, 2004.
This paper discusses the basic Puritan beliefs on religion, morality and justice as illustrated by Cotton Mather.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the basic Puritan beliefs on religion, morality and justice as illustrated by Cotton Mather. The paper explores Mather's belief that Puritans are God's chosen and those who are different are a threat to the community.
From the Paper
"The Puritan society in Boston is described by Arthur Miller in his preface to "The Crucible" as one that was organized to withstand the harsh elements and lifestyle and those considered other Massachusetts tried to kill off the Puritans but they combined they set up a communal society which in the beginning was little more than an armed camp with an autocratic and devoted leadership. Such leadership came in the form of men like Cotton Mather, a devout and zealous pastor."
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My Political Beliefs, 2002.
Explores the political beliefs of the author, including where she obtained those beliefs.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
Various sources of the political beliefs of the author will be examined and their effects on shaping the author's political beliefs are discussed. Some of those sources include the author's family, education, the media, her peer and her religion. Finally, a discussion on how those elements all came together to create the political beliefs the author holds today is included.
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Religious and Tribal Beliefs of Indigenous Peoples, 2004.
Compares the tribal and religious beliefs of the Cherokee Indians to that of the Dieri and Bevenda Aboriginal tribes of Australia.
993 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes the Dieri, Bevenda, and Cherokee structures of religious belief and touches upon their tribal beliefs about god and gods, key myths, and rituals. The paper also compares the Cherokee beliefs to the Aboriginal beliefs and highlights their differences.
From the Paper
"The Dieri, an aboriginal tribe of Australia, the Oklahoma tribe of the Cherokee, and the Bevenda may all be subsumed under the common category of ?native people,? when comparing such indigenous faiths with the common faith of those who colonized these individuals, namely white Christians. However, upon closer examination of the religions practices of these groups, there emerge equally striking differences between one another that belay such easy elision under the term ?native.?"
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Beliefs and Knowledge, 2002.
A look at how beliefs influence the pursuit of knowledge.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
This six-page undergraduate paper discusses how beliefs about the world, and beliefs about what is valuable, have influenced the pursuit of knowledge. It takes a philosophical approach, and includes the thoughts of philosophers such as Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle.
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Culture as a Mirror of Religious Beliefs, 2002.
A study of how four main religions have their beliefs mirrored in their cultures and societies.
800 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper shows how religion is one of the defining aspects of someone?s life, and their culture. A lot of races, nationalities and countries are founded upon the beliefs of their religion. Their culture becomes mirrored in those beliefs, as does the structure of their society. Four religions with such influences - Christianity, Islam, Judaism and Shinto - are explored in this paper.
From the Paper
"It is unfortunate that so much of the history of Judaism, and its influence on civilization is surrounded by a lot of negativity. Of course, the Holocaust is by far the cruelest genocide in history, and the cause of the many Jewish immigrants to America. Adaptations of their beliefs and culture have formed the different divisions in Judaism ? Reform, Conservative and Orthodox. There are many cultural characteristics that can be attributed to Jews, but their food, their holidays (Chanukah, Yom Kippur, Purim), and their coming of age parties (Bar Mitzvah, Bat Mitzvah) are some of the more notables. Their food is kosher, and that has brought an entirely separate type of butcher, markets, etc. Some ballparks even serve kosher hot dogs! Synagogues, much like churches, are also architectural statements in their community. Jewish holidays are not as recognized and celebrated nationally as Christian ones, but there are now changes being made in school curriculum to allow for observance of their many festivals."
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Differences in Motivational Beliefs, 2005.
Review of Martin Eaton's and Myron Dembo's article, "Differences in the Motivational Beliefs of Asian-American and Non-Asian Students".
808 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and analyzes Eaton's and Dembo's article about the motivational beliefs of Asian-Americans and how these beliefs are very likely one of the reasons Asian-American students outperform non-Asian students academically. The paper explains the implications of Eaton's and Dembo's research and how it could be used for examining the nature of motivational factors in other communities as well.
From the Paper
"Eaton and Dembo discuss their problem clearly, outlining their reasons for performing the research and placing it within the context of prior research. The fact that Asian-Americans usually outperform their non-Asian counterparts on academic tests warrants attention, for educators, psychologists, and sociologists can examine the factors that most predict high achievement among students. Moreover, such a study draws attention to the differences between different cultural communities, which can also help professionals understand and treat students with greater cultural awareness. Further research on other ethnic groups can also contribute much awareness and understanding, which can improve all students? chances for success. Educators, psychologists, and sociologists can glean much information from studies like this one."
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Continuity, Change and Religious Beliefs Korea, 2002.
An overview of the changing religious beliefs in nineteenth and twentieth century Korea.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper is written about the continuity, change, and religious beliefs in the 19th and 20th Centuries. It can be observed in Encounter, The Moving Castle, and Words of Farewell that current religious beliefs are characterized as much by continuity as by change. Continuity and change are not paradoxical trends in Korean religious life because two cultures and two competing worldviews are maintained in a state of balance.
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Beliefs, Misconceptions, and Advances in Neuroscience, 2004.
Examines how cultural beliefs and experimentation have resulted in advancing human understanding of neuroscience.
3,083 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 131.95
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Abstract
Throughout history, mankind has attempted to determine both the origin and purpose of human existence. Ancient cultures commonly devised richly complex theologies to rationalize inexplicable natural phenomenon. Various cultures generally ascribed to beliefs that man and nature were created and controlled by an assortment of malevolent deities. The field of modern psychology represents the culmination of centuries of cultural beliefs, investigation, and experimentation on the human brain. This paper examines history for significant cultural anomalies, people and events that have greatly influenced our understanding of human brain morphology and cognitive functions.
From the Paper
"Western cultures commonly employed mythology and mysticism as the predominant reasoning for human creation, some extended their beliefs to include mankind as an extension of divinity. The concept of close association between man and the divine facilitated an elevated perception of hierarchy among natural life forms. This anthropomorphized view of life encouraged belief in pagan superstition, discouraging controversy and change. History also provides many examples of how mythology and mysticism encouraged development of ethno-centric and nationalistic divisions."
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Native American Religious Beliefs, 2006.
A look at the myths and beliefs of Native Americans and their respect and reverence for life that governed all aspects of their lives.
1,342 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper paper examines the background, beliefs, religion and society found in Native American culture and how their holistic culture impacted every aspect of their daily lives. In particular, the paper focuses on the the Six Nations that compose the Iroquois Confederacy: The Mohawk, Seneca, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Tuscarora.
From the Paper
"Native American society is broken up into individual Nations, which controlled certain geological area. A Nation is a collection of Tribes, which in turn were made up of Clans that were also unique to geological locations. Typically, the Clans were named for an animal, and there could be members of the same Clan in different Tribes. Within the Iroquois Confederacy, made up of six Nations, there are similar or identical clans found in nearly every Nation."
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Justifying Beliefs by Logical Implication, 2002.
A description of the need for logical implication between a justification and a belief within a justified-true-belief theory of knowledge.
3,530 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 144.95
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Abstract
An argument that for a justified true belief theory of knowledge to work, the justification component must be such that an acceptable justification logically implies the truth of the content of the belief. The paper first shows how weaker views of justification will always be susceptible to counterexamples like Gettier's and Feldman's. The paper then shows how the notion of justification defined above makes it impossible to have counterexamples and then make a case for why the strong view is appropriate, even given that it probably leads to skepticism. The nature of justification within a viable theory of knowledge needs to have the strength of logical implication, and as such may have to lead to skeptical considerations.
From the Paper
"The characterization of knowledge as justified true belief is a very powerful concept, and despite the assorted difficulties that arise in definitions that equate knowledge with justified true belief, such definitions still seem the most intuitively plausible starting points for a theory of knowledge. It is fairly obvious that one cannot know that p if one does not believe that p, and it is equally indisputable that p has to be true for one to be able to know it. It is that whole "justified" bit that is the tricky part and that tends to mess things up for justified true belief (JTB) theories of knowledge. In this paper I hope to offer a characterization of justification within the framework of a JTB theory of knowledge that leads to a cohesive theory of what is required for one to have knowledge, one that is not subject to the loopholes and weaknesses that lead other JTB theories to incorrectly admit certain beliefs as knowledge. Specifically, I will claim that for one's belief that p to constitute knowledge that p, one's justification j for believing that p must be such that (i) j logically implies p, and (ii) every statement within the justification is true. I will argue that such a strong notion of justification is needed for a JTB theory to avoid being susceptible to counterexamples like those offered in Edmund Gettier's famous paper and elsewhere. Further, I will contend that for a JTB theory to work, the concept of justification must be such that in considerations of "justified beliefs," "justified" works, in the words of Peter Unger, as an absolute term. I will then use this later point to allay concerns, which are certainly valid, that the strong notion of justification I am presenting in this paper directly leads to skepticism."
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Religious Beliefs in "Doctor Faustus", 2006.
A discussion on whether it is possible to appreciate Christopher Marlowe's work, "Doctor Faustus", without a thorough knowledge of the religious beliefs that underpin it.
1,152 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the various religious undertones which reside within the play "Doctor Faustus" such as as morality, heaven and hell and forbidden knowledge. It discusses whether these religious undertones are important when trying to fully understand the context and meaning of the play.
From the Paper
"During the 16th century everyone was thought to be born with original sin, this is the sin which you are born with because of the fall of Adam and Eve. Before the writing of 'Faustus' constant arguments raged about the destiny of the soul because of this sin. Catholicism and Calvinism were the two branches of religion which had conflicting views. Calvinists believed that there is no free will and that you could only be saved if you were one of the 'elect', whereas Catholics believed that you would be saved if your faith was whole and strong. It is unknown where Marlowe's sympathies lie, the mystery of Marlowe's life and the insecure nature of the two differing printed versions of the texts make it a very debatable subject. On the one hand Marlowe portrays hell as the academic, theological idea of permanent separation from God, a direct contrast to the fiery torment described in Catholic teachings. However many other traditionally Catholic views of the after life are portrayed throughout the play."
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Victorian Science and Religious Beliefs, 2008.
Examines the science and religious beliefs of Victorian society as exemplified in the period's literature by Robert Browning and Gerard Manley Hopkins.
1,240 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, even in the early 19th century, there were few ideas about a confrontation between science and religion; generally, religion and scientific study were seen to be in accordance with each other. The author points out that Darwin's evolution theory is the turning point in this relation between religion and science. Many theologians saw Darwin's theory as an open threat to Christianity; whereas, scientists began to see religion as a threat to scientific thinking and approach. The paper highlights this dilemma through the writings of Robert Browning, whose shifting religious views personified the challenges to thinkers of the era, and Gerard Manley Hopkins, who was a significant icon upholding the tenets of Christian faith and morality.
From the Paper
"Everett (2006) opines that Browning's shifting religious views personified the challenges that thinkers of the era were subject to. Although Browning approached this issue, there have been differing interpretations of his words and views. The manner of his dramatic monologue also serves to make a clear-cut verdict difficult. Such was the strength of Browning's characters and their monologues that it would often be unclear whether the beliefs presented in the monologue were his own or not."
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Ancient Middle Eastern Beliefs, 2002.
A comparison of Egyptian, Mesopotamian and Hebrew religious beliefs.
1,661 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the religious views of the Mesopotamians, Egyptians and Hebrews all had important implications on each culture's unique view of life and death, including the afterlife. It looks at how each religion developed according to the history and reality of the people living during their time. It examines how the Egyptians and Mesopotamians developed a polytheistic religious outlook, while the Hebrew people developed a monotheistic culture. It considers how the Hebrew religion is much more similar to the Egyptian religion considering its positive outlook and affiliation with a God or gods, unlike the Mesopotamian belief system which may be considered very negative. It shows how ultimately, though each of these religions are different, they developed as a result of the physical and cultural influences of the people living during ancient times.
From the Paper
"The religion of the people of Mesopotamia was all encompassing, the center of daily life (fortunecity, 2003). The Mesopotamian views on religion include a belief in gods that represent the good fortunes of life. The Mesopotamians also believed that their did not exist any all-powerful king or god, but rather that power should be shared among many small government systems, and that kings, as they were mortal, were ultimately subject to the will of the gods (fortunecity, 2003). The Mesopotamian also lived by the code of Hammurabi, to be discussed further. Like the Mesopotamians, the Egyptians also believed in worshiping many ?gods? and attributed the good things that happened in life to the appeasing of their gods. The Egyptians, much like the Mesopotamians, relied on the gods for their good fortune, and those in some sense perhaps lived their lives in an effort to appease the gods."
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