| Papers [1-10] of 10 | Search results on "MICROBIAL GROWTH": |
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Microbial Diversity, 2008.
This paper explores microbial diversity and its effects on aquatic ecosystem function.
1,754 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 20 sources, APA, AU$ 81.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews past and present literature on microbial diversity, bio-geochemistry and how they are interrelated. The paper provides a short overview on diversity and the aquatic ecosystem and reviews some of the new techniques in measuring microbial diversity as well as some of the disadvantages of these techniques. The paper discusses the biogeochemical processes and presents studies that link diversity to the overall functioning of the system.
Outline:
Introduction
Biodiversity
Aquatic Ecosystem
Measurement of Microbial Diversity
Trophic Interactions in Aquatic Systems
Biogeochemical Cycling
Diversity and Aquatic System Functioning
From the Paper
"Although microorganisms are barely visible in the aquatic system, they play a very important role in the processes occurring in the system be it in the food web or in nutrient cycling of the system, also called biogeochemical cycle. According to Kiorboe (1993), the majority of the biological activity in pelagic systems are performed by microorganisms smaller than 100 m. Larger organisms, on the other hand, play a very minor role in the nutrient and energy cycling of the system."
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Microbial Growth, 2004.
An overview of the Gram stain technique.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the Gram stain technique and what it shows. The paper also defines acid-fast bacteria and explains the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
From the Paper
"The Gram stain is named for the Danish bacteriologist who first devised it. It is usually the first test used to identify bacteria. The Gram stain is based on the ability of bacterial cell walls to retain crystal violet dye during solvent treatment. Bacterial cells with walls containing small amounts of peptidoglycan andlipopolysaccharide are Gram-negative, those containing relatively high amounts of peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide are Gram-positive. The Gram microorganisms which retain the crystal violet-iodine complex appear purple-brown under the microscope and are considered Gram-positive."
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"Sick Building" Syndrome, 2002.
This paper investigates indoor pollutants, focusing on microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOC's).
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 22 sources, MLA, AU$ 145.95
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Abstract
The paper begins with a general overview of air pollutants and the discovery of ?sick building? syndrome. Next the paper focuses the pollutants known as on MVOC?s - microbial volatile organic compounds, studying their impact on human beings. It looks at the effects of molds on human health; namely, allergy, infection, irritation of the mucous membrane and sensory, or toxicity. It looks at the products of mold called mycotoxins, and their influence on health. The paper then turns to discuss analysis techniques, listing eight reasons why sampling is difficult. It also records criteria for ensuring the reliable measuring of indoor air VOC?s. The third section of the paper deals with the growth and metabolism of indoor fungi and bacteria, focusing on the breeding and multiplying of molds. The paper concludes with a discussion on what can be done to minimize the problem and on the processes involved in treating a ?sick building?.
Table of Contents
Introduction
MVOCs as Indoor Pollutants and Their Impact on Human Beings
Analysis Techniques
Growth and Metabolism
Conclusion: What Can Be Done
From the Paper
"Air pollution pertains to substances and gases in the air that threaten health and life. Among these are pollutants and irritants, such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and carbon dioxide; particulates, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), toxic substances and some natural substances, like pollen. But most of the pollution comes from the by-products of industrialization ? fossil fuel combustion, transportation, transportation, power plant emissions and those from other industrial processes. The burning of fossil fuels to generate electricity alone is the greatest source of air pollution in the USA. These outdoor pollutants can undermine health and cause environmental disturbances, such as acid rain, and are toxic."
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Health and Safety in the Meat Industry, 2004.
Addresses safety and health issues in the meat processing industry.
6,600 words (approx. 26.4 pages), 17 sources, APA, AU$ 218.95
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Abstract
In the meat processing industry, health and safety issues are of vital importance in view of the many risks arising from microbial contamination of meat and the occupational hazards faced by workers. The paper shows that the nature of the meat processing industry requires its workers to manually handle heavy equipment on a repetitive basis, and this can lead to serious physical injuries and illnesses. It also shows that unsafe working conditions could lead to lower productivity and increase the risk of losses. Lack of hygiene and safety in the meat processing units can lead to major quality problems with respect to the final quantity of meat. Once meat shows sign of infection, it faces market rejection, cannot be sold and may have to be destroyed.
Paper Outline
Introduction
Sources of Meat
Pre-slaughtering of Animals and Birds
Slaughtering
Microbial Activity in Meat
Meat as Sources of Animal Parasite
Worker Safety in the Meat Processing Industry
Safety and Health Risks due to Equipment and Machinery
Plant Inspection
Personal Hygiene
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"One of the major developments in this area was the evolution of Advanced Meat Recovery (AMR) system, with the objective of achieving efficient separation of meat without the use of vibrating, hand-held knives. It is widely believed that the introduction of AMR has brought about a decrease in cumulative trauma disorders among workers in the meat industry, although there is no direct evidence to support such a view. In the 1999 report of Bureau of Labor Statistics, it is indicated that overall injury and illness rates in the meat products industry dropped almost 20 percent between 1995 and 1999. This is one indicator of the improved working conditions and systems in meat processing companies. The positive developments have encouraged more and more meat industries to adopt AMR, thus reducing dependence on vibrating, hand-held knives".
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Salmonella, 2005.
This paper discusses the bacteria salmonella and its different species.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the size, shape, Gram-stain, metabolism, culture conditions (temperature, pH etc.), survival and the habitat of the bacteria salmonella and its different species. The author points out the way it infects humans, the diseases it causes and how it causes them. The paper relates the way anti-microbials are used to fight diseases it causes and how it is developing anti-microbial resistance.
From the Paper
"Salmonellae are a Gram-negative flagellated facultative anaerobes of the family Enterobacteriaceae Giannella Morphology. They are small rod-shaped bacilli with a polysaccharide capsule characterized by their O H and V antigens. The organisms produce H S from ..."
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Tuberculosis and Newspapers, 2007.
An analysis of how tuberculosis is covered in the popular press.
939 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the manner in which tuberculosis - a notorious and very dangerous microbial malady - is addressed by the popular press. The paper looks at two articles that each emphasize different aspects of the disease. The paper discusses how Erika Niedowski seizes upon the social causes of tuberculosis while Jeffrey Gautreaux focuses on local government policies designed to quarantine and manage local TB sufferers. The paper concludes that Niedowski's article presents a better-rounded, more holistic approach to the disease.
From the Paper
"The first article to be critiqued is one by Erika Niedowski of the Baltimore Sun. Niedowski writes at length about the tuberculosis outbreak presently ravaging Russia and pays especial attention to the crumbling medical infrastructure and to the widespread poverty, unemployment and alcoholism which conspire to facilitate the spread of the microbe. Additionally, Niedowski also points out the inability of many stricken Russians to access health facilities and she likewise acknowledges the troubling dearth of anti-TB drugs in a country that insists it is every bit a modern, western nation (para.1-18). Not to be overlooked, Niedowski's fairly exhaustive review (at least by newspaper standards) of Tuberculosis in Russia notes that many of those who have TB also suffer from other disorders like cardiovascular disease and diabetes and that TB is the leading cause of death for those unfortunate Russians stricken with HIV (para.18)."
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Internal Phosphorus Loading in Shallow Lakes, 2008.
Explains that phosphorus released from sediments in shallow lakes plays an important role in the inability to manage the eutrophication process.
6,170 words (approx. 24.7 pages), 27 sources, APA, AU$ 210.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in lakes that have suffered years of external loading, high levels of bound phosphorus are released from pools into the surrounding water column. Phosphorus in pools is bound in many forms including redox-sensitive iron compounds and loosely bound organic compounds. The paper describes the microbial action, chemical reactions and physical disturbance to the sediment layer, which contribute to the release of phosphorous into the water column. The paper also reviews several management techniques, such as removing heavily contaminated sediment from the lake floor and precipitation by the addition of iron or alum, which help speed the recovery process of the lake.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Phosphorus forms in Sediment
Phosphorus Release Mechanisms
Chemical Release Mechanisms
Physical Release Mechanisms
Biological Release Mechanisms
Management and Restoration Techniques
Source Reduction Strategies
Physical Reduction of Phosphorus Availability
Chemical Removal
Analysis and Summary of Findings
Analyzing the Unknowns
Conclusions/Recommendations
From the Paper
"The first is the use of physical means such as dredging and flushing to remove sediments containing high concentrations of phosphorus. Another method is the use of agents such as Aluminum Sulfate or gypsum to bind phosphorus in the water system. Yet, other methods have focused on long term reduction of external loading as the ultimate solution to the problem. The success or failure of these methods depends on the source and fractionation profile of the lake.
It was once thought that reducing external loading of the lake would rapidly decrease phosphorus levels in lakes."
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Soil Analysis, 2006.
This paper provides an analysis of soil and studies soil samples.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer points out that soil bacteria control the course of nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus through ecosystems. Soil samples were taken from established sites, which have undergone existing long-term manipulations of temperature, nutrient and light availability. The writer discusses that the soil samples were found to contain bacteria through testing and are being studied to determine whether treatments known to affect plant communities also affect soil microbial biomass, activity, gene expression, and community composition as measured by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms.
From the Paper
"Soil is an intricate and active biological system, and at times it is difficult to determine the composition of microbial communities in soil. Yet, the study requires a wide variety of methods, which includes methods of extracting DNA from soil suitable for PCR amplification to monitor GM rhizobia and extracting mRNA directly from soil to use in gene expression studies. Hydrocarbons seem to be a contaminated factor when isolating the soil samples in determining bacteria characterization. "Bacteria were isolated from contaminated soil with the media indicating several homolog similarities (researched the possibility of several bacteria names through DP database as determined by the program SIMILARITY_RANK (10)"."
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Microorganisms and Foods, 2002.
A discussion on how microorganisms can be of significance to foods. Topics covered include food spoilage, food poisoning and food related infection.
973 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how microorganisms are extremely important aspects of our food supply: They can cause spoilage, they can ferment our foods and they can cause us illness through foods. It looks at how they can be found in all types of foods ? fresh food, prepared food and even preserved food. It covers such issues as food spoilage and inhibition of the growth of pathogens, microbial ability to cause disease in humans (using Staphylococcus aureus as a particular example) and commercial uses of microbes in food (fermentation etc).
From the Paper
"Food poisoning results from ingestion of food that contains previously formed microbial toxins. The microorganisms that created the toxins are not usually alive when the contaminated food is eaten. The illness is caused by the action of the toxins. One of the most common forms of food poisoning is caused by Staphylococcus aureus. It is most often found in foods such as poultry, meat, egg and meat salads and creamy salad dressings. It results from the foods not being kept refrigerated after they have been prepared, as S. aureus can grow very rapidly at room temperature. Even if the food is heated again before ingestion, the toxin may not be destroyed as it is reasonably heat stable."
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Prokaryotes, 2004.
This paper discusses desiccation tolerance in prokaryotes.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 145.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that prokaryotes, organisms that make up the microbial world, are deficient of internal unit membranes and are self-sufficient cells or organisms; the best-known prokaryotic organisms are the bacteria. The author states that cell-bound water is evaporated through air-drying, and subsequent addition of water to air-dried cells is the process through which the prokaryotes have been formed. This procedure of air-drying is called desiccation. The paper relates that the age-old belief of existence of life everywhere there is liquid water on earth, irrespective of physical conditions, has been negated by the desiccation tolerance in microbes.
From the Paper
"Since they do not affect cellular structure and functions the solutes are said to be compatible. The molecules in them are similar to that of the compounds said earlier which stabilizes proteins by preferential exclusion. A causal relationship between increasing concentrations of these compatible solutes and improved stress tolerance is evident from enrichment through external addition or through molecular genetic methods. To increase the water absorption capability of cells their absolute concentration is sometimes found inadequate. For safeguarding macro molecules in organisms against moderate water loss preferential exclusion, therefore, seems to be the prominent mechanism. It is essential to have preferential exclusion in order to counteract the concentration of destabilizing molecules in cells during water loss to inhibit denaturation of proteins and membrane fusion."
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