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Medicine as a Practical Science, 2005.
This paper discusses medicine as a practical science and looks at the views of John Ladd and Kathryn Montgomery.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
In this essay the writer discusses the differences in the views between John Ladd and Kathryn Montgomery vis-a-vis whether or not medicine can properly be called a science. This paper reviews John Ladd's position in relation to the contrary position adopted by Kathryn Montgomery in respective book chapters penned by the two of them. The writer points out that Ladd is firmly of the view that it is because diagnosticians are expected to follow a certain protocol and a certain algorithm when performing their duties; in that regard, it follows the scientific approach utilized by researchers in the field of natural science.
From the Paper
"Few professions are as demanding as medicine and a legitimate case can be made that none are more important. As should become apparent, there is a schism within the academic community as it pertains to the question of whether or not medicine should be properly defined as a science. Be that as it may, this writer finds Kathryn Montgomery's argument against the idea that medicine is a (practical) science to be more compelling than the argument Ladd presents, not least of all for her clever analogy to medical diagnosis as a sort of narrative-creation process."
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Sports Science and Sports Medicine, 2004.
An overview of sports/exercise science and medicine, two fields that have only recently begun consolidating into distinct professions.
2,272 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 101.95
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Abstract
Sports has become a multi-billion-dollar business, and the ever-increasing competitiveness and challenges, both mental and physical, faced by the modern sportsperson has increased the need for a medical and scientific support system for athletes. This paper discusses two fields that have developed from this need: sports science and sports medicine. The paper shows that they are interrelated, the former being more of an investigative and experimental area, while the latter deals with the implementation of the knowledge and techniques developed by sports science.
From the Paper
"High quality sports performance depends largely on an individual?s movement pattern and is usually referred to as technique. Good technique not only produces an effective performance but also reduces the risk of injury. The effect of physical forces on the movement and on the size, shape and structure of the body is scientifically studied by biomechanists today in an attempt to help optimize athletic technique. (Stein, 2003) Through qualitative analysis via direct observation on film or video tape, a biomechanist will study an athlete?s performance with a view to diagnosing any problems which might be limiting sporting potential. In close consultation with the athlete?s coach, training patterns may be altered to incorporate elements which may help to rectify the problem."
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Medicine, Science, and Empire, 2004.
This paper looks at the relationship between medicine, science, and the British Empire.
1,852 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on malaria, the plague, and tuberculosis in Great Britain, Africa, and India in the 19th century. The impact these diseases had on the imperial effort and the medical profession are also discussed. The paper uses the following main texts: "Colonizing the Body" by David Arnold; "Contagious Divides" by Nayah Shan; "Curing Their Ills: Colonial Power and African Illness" by Megan Vaughan; "Tools of Empire" by Daniel Hedrick; "Warm Climates and Western Medicine' by David Arnold; and "Machines as the Measure of Men" by Michael Adas.
From the Paper
"In most reviews of the technologies of nineteenth century imperialism, three technologies are pinpointed as having given the imperialists their edge in the fight for dominance: the steamship, advanced military weaponry (such as rifles), and quinine. These technologies allowed the imperialists to gain ground over their new lands, to be able to conquer the people of these new lands, and to be able to conquer their new lands, through mapping projects, and the building of, for instance, hill stations (as in India) which helped the British keep an eye on their new territory, and to ensure the suppression of plots to overthrow them."
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Natural Health Practices in Veterinary Medicine, 2002.
This paper looks at the use of non-medical alternatives in the treatment of animals.
730 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the use of health interventions by Veterinarians. The writer draws several parallels between the use of natural health practices in humans and animals. Nutrition therapy includes the use of whole, fresh ingredients, vitamin therapy uses nutritional supplements to help with recovery from illness, herbal remedies such as echinacea and peppermint are used to help restore balance and acupuncture is used to balance energy and relieve pain. According to this writer the key to the use of non-medical alternatives in veterinary medicine is in their correct application, often in conjuntion with traditional medicine.
From the Paper
"Acupuncture is another natural health method that can be applied to veterinary practice. It is the use of needles inserted superficially into the skin to balance energy, and it is often used in cases where a patient is disabled by pain. Used to relieve the symptoms of arthritis in older dogs, acupuncture can greatly increase an animal?s mobility without the potentially harmful side effects of pain relieving medication, such as lethargy, digestive difficulty, and loss of appetite (Zucker, 2000). Another use of acupuncture with animals is in the case of chronic injury; older pets can injure joints if they fall, and acupuncture can relieve this chronic pain and give greater mobility (Pitcairn, 1995)."
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True Science and Pseudo-Science, 2003.
Discusses the notion of scientific discovery.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 91.95
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Abstract
Looks at testing to ascertain whether a hypothesis is true or false. The paper examines the views of Thomas Kuhn and the "paradigm" and Karl Popper's contention that deductive testing is true science, and induction is false science.
From the Paper
"True Science vs. Pseudo-Science
Introduction and Purpose
True science and pseudo-science, it has been argued, can be distinguished from one another by an examination of the nature of scientific discovery, with particular attention to the use of a ..."
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"Common Science? Women, Science and Knowledge" by Jean Barr and Lynda Birke, 2000.
A review of the work on the nature of scientific study, objective truth and the alienation of women from scientific fields.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 1 source, AU$ 91.95
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From the Paper
"Science is a pervasive influence on human life today, though most people have only a vague image of what science means and may have complete misperceptions about certain scientific concepts. Many people simply have not been exposed to the information they need to judge science. Women, however, have been actively excluded, or at least discouraged, from science for some time, a factor much noted in analyses of academic statistics and in analyses of the job market in science. This is noted in the book Common Science? Women, Science, and Knowledge by Jean Barr and Lynda Birke as part of their primary emphasis on the fact that the scientific community remains largely unaccountable to the public. Part of their approach to this issue is to talk to non-academics to see what they think about science and about the issues surrounding the field."
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Modern Medicine as State or Corporate Medicine, 2007.
This paper asses whether modern medicine is state medicine or corporate medicine, citing examples from British and American history.
1,467 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer argues that the choice between state and corporate medicine is a relatively recent phenomenon. The writer notes that such a luxury sharply contrasts with the historical development of medical care, specifically during the nineteenth century in Britain and America, which sought, through the interventions of the state, to provide for the poor. From such a perspective, then, this essay posits that modern medicine is less about the choice between state and corporate provision than the foundations state medicine essentially helped create from which corporate medicine later benefited.
From the Paper
"Chadwick believed that many of the illness and diseases which inflicted the poor would be lessened or even eradicated. Importantly, the implication of the lawyer's report was that these measures could only be carried out by the state at a time when Britain subscribed to the creed of political economy, which held the laissez-faire state to be a paramount virtue. Yet following Chadwick's report, a Royal Commission on the Health of Towns was set up, which met between 1843 and 1845, leading to Liverpool creating the first sanitary authority in 1846 which spawned similar bodies elsewhere. By the time the Public Health Act of 1848 was passed the important role of the state was set in stone: a central government department was created as the General Board of Health; local sanitary authorities were invested with powers to coordinate municipal responsibilities; and a local inspection regime was also created that appointed medical health officers. Consequently, by 1853, 284 districts and 103 towns had applied to adopt the Public Health Act. But the crucial characteristic of the Act was that, while it did concede the importance of the role of the state, it did not make the adoption of the Act compulsory."
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Internet and Medicine, 2004.
A look at the Internet and how it influences the way medicine is practiced today.
1,151 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the way the Internet is changing the way medicine is practiced. The paper describes the medical practices where Internet technology has been applied, the great success of this application, and how the use of the Internet in medicine is bridging the gap between the demand for medical expertise and availability.
From the Paper
"Medical informatics and clinical diagnosis are two areas where internet technology finds application. Today?s patients are more knowledgeable as the use of the internet for medical information is on the rise. In a recent nationwide survey conducted among 1500 medics in the United States it was found that more than 85% of patients had referred the internet during their consultation period. In another survey of 2000 physicians it was found that 61% of the respondents used internet for professional reasons. Doctors were increasingly using the internet for gathering research information, and communication with their colleagues. More than 75% of the doctors felt that medical information available on the internet is a welcome measure. [Elizabeth Murray] However there are some physicians who feel that information accuracy is a matter of concern and that patients bringing in wrong information make inappropriate requests that eventually affect the physician /patient relationship. "
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Holistic Medicine, 2002.
Examines the history of holistic medicine and some of the skepticism surrounding the practice of holistic medicine.
1,330 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a brief history of holistic medicine and gives a general definition of holistic medicine and its approach toward healing. It traces some of the traditions of holistic medicine and discusses some of its practices and philosophies. The use of supplements in holistic and their effectiveness is also addressed.
General Definitions
History
Techniques Available
Royal jelly
Honey
Changing Trend
Research by Cancer Institute
From the Paper
"Holistic medicine includes a wide variety of practices and philosophies. The basic principle behind the theory is that each patient is a functioning, whole, physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual being. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) recognizes the importance of a treatment approach that addresses the psychological as well as the physical well being of the patient. By combining different techniques and natural remedies, a person can take control and obtain a feeling of total wellness: spiritually, physically, and mentally (NCI, 1999)."
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How Cultures Determine the Effectiveness of Medicine, 2006.
This paper presents a personal and intellectual reaction to two particular readings: Peter J. Brown's, Jessica Gregg's and Bruce L. Ballard's "Culture, Ethnicity and the Practice of Medicine" and Anne Fadiman's "The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down".
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper examines two readings: Anne Fadiman's "The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down" and Brown et al.'s "Culture, Ethnicity and the Practice of Medicine". The paper endeavors to outline the reader's responses to them. Specifically, the paper notes how these course materials have forced the reader to reconsider the wisdom of allowing cultural biases to inform her understanding of what constitutes the proper practice of medicine.
From the Paper
"What I hope to convey over the next few pages is how these two works have made me appreciate just how much our individual notions of medicine - chiefly, what works and what does not work - are culturally determined. More than that, these two works made me understand how it is less ignorance that leads some cultures to treat illnesses in different ways as it is cultural moorings that are almost impossible for any of us to eschew. "
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Chinese Medicine, 2005.
This paper reviews the relationship of traditional Chinese medical practices and modern medicine.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the view point of the mainstream health care community on traditional Chinese medical practices, specifically acupuncture and herbal remedies for maladies. The author explores the history of acupuncture and some common variants of acupuncture, its patients and why the practice of Chinese medicine is viewed with mistrust by the mainstream medical community. The paper suggests that, while concerns about the effectiveness of these practices are well-founded, further research that might validate the practices is discouraged by those in the healthcare industry who do not stand to benefit if those practices become more accepted.
From the Paper
"In recent years, perhaps as a result of shifting demographic patterns, traditional Chinese medical practices--principally acupuncture but also herbal treatments for ailments--have grown substantially in popularity. This paper explores the phenomenon. Specifically, this paper will briefly explore the history of acupuncture (perhaps the most commonly known traditional Chinese medical practice of all), some common variants of acupuncture, the kind of people who turn to these treatments, why the practice of acupuncture and the use of herbal remedies is viewed with mistrust by the mainstream medical community, and--not least of all--the relationship of ancient Chinese medicine to the rest of the United States healthcare community. In the end, what should emerge is a clearer understanding of the mainstream medical community's position as well as a clearer understanding of where traditional Chinese medicine fits into the healthcare industry."
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Natural Medicine, 2005.
This paper discusses natural medicine including an extensive compilation of various natural therapies.
34,390 words (approx. 137.6 pages), 94 sources, APA, AU$ 360.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the more common personal health care style is a collective health care process, called alternative medicine or complementary medicine, which includes elements of allopathic practice, non-natural medicine and surgery and of natural medicine. The author points out the idea that natural medicine is actually traditional medicine and should be looked at as such, with benefits and drawbacks, just as allopathic medicine is consider by many people. As an example of the presented natural health therapies; the paper relates that the Alexander technique, both a natural health practice and a restorative natural medical treatment, is a technique used to reduce repetitive motion injury by retraining the body to move in a different, more natural way.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Natural Health
Hydrotherapy
Herbalism
Eclectic Medicine
Natural Hygiene
Natural Philosophy
Natural Healing
Natural Medicine
Fingernail and Tongue Analysis
Iridology
Hair Analysis
Live Blood Analysis (Darkfield Microscopy) and Dry Blood Analysis
Antibody (IgE, IgG) Test for Food Allergies
Acid-Alkaline Balance (Ph Testing)
Alternative Therapies
Acupuncture
Acupressure
Air Supply Personal Air Purifier
Alexander Technique.
Aromatherapy
Astropulse
Ayurveda
Bathing Therapy
Biomagnetics (Magnetic Field Energy Therapy)
Electro-Dermal Screening
Chelation Therapy
Chi Lel
Chiropractic Treatment
Colloidal Silver Therapy
Colonic Therapy (Colon Lavage, Colon Hydrotherapy)
Color Therapy (Chromotherapy)
Crystal Healing
Dental Amalgam Mercury Removal
Detoxification Therapy
Reflexology
Shiatsu
Rolfing
Fasting
Feng Shui Balance
Flower Essence Therapy
Food Detoxification
Flotation Tank
Glandular Therapy
Prayer
Guided Imagery (Visualization)
Herbal Medicine
Homeopathy
Hydrotherapy
Hypnotherapy
Hydrogen Peroxide Therapy
Juicing
Kinesiology
Laughter (Play) Therapy
Light Beam Generator Therapy
Light Therapy (Solar Therapy)
Lymphatic Therapy
Macrobiotics Diet
Massage Therapy
Moxibustion
Music and Sound Therapy
Naturopathy
Osteopathy
Oxygen Therapy
Radionics (Radiesthesia Dowsing), Reflexology
Reiki (Therapeutic Touch)
Infrared Heat Therapy
Vitamin C Therapy
Yoga
Holistic Nutrition
Food Safety
Exercise
Conventional Medicine
Maintaining Health
From the Paper
"In the time surrounding the Revolutionary War (1775-1783), in America, medicine was often seen as a part-time practice, conducted by laywomen and men who had a vocation for the healing arts or who inherited the knowledge from ancestral teachers. These healers who took care of their friends and families illnesses, injuries and births performed most medicine, outside the major centers of population. "Of course, these natural healing practices varied from locality to locality with major cities, like Boston, Philadelphia, and New York City having hospitals and other medical practices approaching those found in Europe.""
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Science Educators, 2004.
An analysis of teaching science in a 'Science/Technology/Society' (STS) context.
5,294 words (approx. 21.2 pages), 22 sources, MLA, AU$ 189.95
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Abstract
This paper examines whether the attitudes of teachers have changed toward science teaching due to instructional focus or interventions such as STS (Science/Technology/Society), values and ethical issues and the nature of science. The paper contends that the emerging research is clear in illustrating that learning science in an STS context results in students with more sophisticated mastery and ability to use process skills. The paper claims that all students improve in terms of creativity skills, attitude toward science, use of science concepts and processes in their daily lives and in responsible personal decision-making.
Outline
Abstract
Objective
Introduction
Methodology
Literature Review
Four Pedagogical Issues
Findings
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Socioscientific issues (SSI) and Science, technology and society (STS) are distinct in that STS education in not 'embedded in a coherent developmental or sociological framework that explicitly considers the psychological as well as the epistemological growth of the child nor the development of character or virtue." However, the SSI movement holds its' focus on the empowerment of students in consideration of how issues based on science reflect the moral principles as well as the elements of virtue encompassing their lives, the physical world as well as the social world about them. (Zeidler, et al, 2000) Colleges and universities have recently undertaken initiatives to create Preservice teacher programs that better enable the instructional practices of the teacher. The National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) states that they view STS, "as the teaching and learning of science in the context of human experience."
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Energy Medicine, 2002.
This paper explores, in details that are easy to understand, the field of Energy Medicine as an alternative to traditional medicine.
3,625 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 145.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Energy Medicine is based on the concept that there is an energy system operating within the human body, and the manipulation of this energy system can assist in maintaining physical health. The author says that there is a correlation between quantum physics and energy medicine: the belief that matter and energy are the same thing and because of this whatever is good or bad for one part of the body is equally good or bad for any other part of the body. The paper presents in detail the various modalities of Energy Medicine. The author includes writings of experts such as Gary Zucav.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Defining Quantum Theory
Quantum Physics? relation to Energy Medicine
What is Energy Medicine
Types of Energy Medicine
Ayurvedic Medicine
Magnetic Therapy
Bioenergetic Fields (Acupuncture)
Auras and Discharges
Quantum Mechanics
The Assemblage Point
Advantages and Disadvantages of Energy Medicine
Which Mind-Body-Spirit Modalities Best Relate to Harmonizing Total Well-Being
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Energy Medicine is based on the concept that there is an energy system that operates within the human body. It is believed that the manipulation of this energy system can assist in the area of physical health. Supporters of energy medicine hold that energy and matter is the same thing; and if energy and matter are the same thing than every part of the body is connected to the other parts of the body. Energy medicine dictates that the mind, body and spirit are interconnected and thus if one part is effected all the parts are effected. This is very different from traditional medicine, which believes that the body is a collection of parts and that the mind and body are separate. "
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Religion and Science in Literature, 2002.
An analysis of the elements of religion and science in "Galileo, Science and the Church" by Jerome J. Langford and "On Crimes and Punishments" by Cesare Beccaria.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss the book "Galileo, Science and the Church" by Jerome J. Langford and "On Crimes and Punishments" by Cesare Beccaria. By understanding how both of these books seek to tell us how the world may view theories in the scheme of religion and science, we may have a better understanding of the issues that are at hand with these modes of thought.
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Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2004.
A look at how complementary and alternative medicine are being integrated with conventional medicine.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how some of the techniques and therapies used in alternative medicine are being integrated into the practice of conventional medicine. The paper explains that the combined use of alternative medicine with conventional medicine is known as Integrative Medicine.
From the Paper
"Today people are often questioning the methods of traditional medicine but are not quite ready to abandon them in favor of alternative or complementary treatments. Some doctors and hospitals are delving into the benefits of alternative and complementary medicine, combining some of the techniques used with traditional therapies. They are creating a field called integrative medicine or complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Integrative medicine combines the best of traditional medicine with alternative medicine to maximize benefits for the patient."
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