| Papers [1-14] of 14 | Search results on "MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY": |
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Medical Microbiology, 2006.
A summary of several medical microbiology case studies.
5,750 words (approx. 23.0 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 195.95
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Abstract
This paper presents and summarizes nineteen medical microbiology case studies. For each case, the paper gives the following data: patient profile, chief complaint, signs/symptoms, tests, diagnosis, treatment and remarks.
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Chicken Wing Microbiology, 2006.
A report on how to remove bacteria from chicken wings and the efficacy of antibiotics on the bacteria.
2,547 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 112.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a formal biology laboratory report. It presents a procedure that was devised to remove all bacteria from a chicken wing. It begins by discussing the bacteria that can be present on chicken wings and the possible solutions to the problem. The paper then reports on a test for the efficacy of certain antibiotics on the bacteria of the untreated wing.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Study Organisms
Treatment Of Choice For Elimination Of Bacteria From A Chicken Wing
Serial Dilutions Of Washes From Both Wings
Gathering Of Bacterial Cultures From Both Wings
Effects Of Various Antibiotics On Three Types Of Bacteria
Results
Control Agar Petri Plate
Treatment Agar Petri Plate
Antibiotic Disk Results
Chicken Wing Bacteria
Discussion
Appendix
From the Paper
"It is important to remove all bacteria, such as salmonella, from raw foods to avoid any foodborne diseases. Four serial dilutions were created in microfuge test tubes for a control chicken wing and a treatment chicken wing. The treatment chicken wing was treated using vinegar, salt, and heat. Cultures from each microfuge test tube were streaked on two different agar plates and left to reproduce, incubated at 30o Celsius for 22 hours. The proposed treatment of the chicken wing proved to be 100% effective producing no visible colonies on the agar plate. Four antibiotics - penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol - were used to treat E. coli, M. luteus, and chicken wing bacteria. The bacteria cultures were smeared on three different Petri dishes, and divided into four quadrants where antibiotic disks were placed. After 22 hours of incubation at 30o Celsius, diameters of the rings of clear agar around each antibiotic disk were recorded. Chloramphenicol produced the largest diameter on all three Petri dishes, while penicillin proved to work best on gram-positive bacteria. The bacteria on the chicken wing were gram-negative and most resistant to tetracycline."
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Microbiology Article Critique, 2007.
A critical assessment of a short article that recently appeared on the HeltNewsDigest.com website under the title "Even as You Work Out, Bacteria May be Bulking Up at the Gym".
1,177 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the article "Even as You Work Out, Bacteria May be Bulking Up at the Gym", which highlights the threat coming from methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) bacteria that can be found in the gyms many of us visit. The paper discusses how the article is very short, written in a simple English and has very little additional important information. The paper maintains that the article is also not completely scientifically accurate and many points have been oversimplified. As such, it has several weaknesses that can result in misinformation.
From the Paper
"There are two distinct isolates of MRSA recognized today. One of them is community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA), which is the topic of the article, while the other one is health care-associated MRSA which is mentioned but not distinguished from Ca-MRSA. There are several reasons why this should be important. The outbreaks of CA-MRSA in the community could not be associated with health care exposure among the reported cases (Kowalski et al., 2005). CA-MRSA isolates are distinctly different form nonsocomial MRSA ones. The community strains often exhibit the resistance to -lactams only. On the other hand nonsocomial MRSA shows a strong multi-antibiotic resistance pattern (Kowalski et al, 2005)."
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Microbiology, 2004.
A look at how the discovery of thermostable DNA polymerase has benefited polymerase chain reaction technology.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how the discovery of thermostable DNA polymerase from Thermus aquaticus advanced polymerase chain reaction technology. The paper also looks at how G-C percentages relate genera, and how to create an AIDS vaccine using vaccinia virus.
From the Paper
"The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method using molecular biology for amplifying DNA without using a living organism. It is commonly used in medical and biological research laboratories for such things as detection of hereditary disease, identification of genetic fingerprints, the diagnosis of infectious diseases, the cloning of genes and paternity testing. DNA polymerase occurs naturally in all living organisms and its function is to duplicate DNA when cells divide. It binds to a single strand of DNA and creates a complimentary strand..."
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The Hazards of Microbiological Research, 2002.
This paper looks closely at the dangers of acquiring infectious diseases through work in laboratory.
1,659 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
In clinical and research laboratories, cultures of microorganisms are accumulated in large amounts which are transferred between containers and are manipulated in the process of testing and evaluation. The paper shows the risk presented to employees through this type of exposure. The writer looks at how a worker can contract a disease, what precautions have been enacted, and what are the federal agencies who regulate these safety standards.
From the Paper
"A need to understand the risks led to guidelines being developed by the CDC which addressed handling the agents based on their infectious severity and the form in which they might be encountered. The guidelines were established to be a combination of strategies including knowledge of the hazard, safety equipment, and basic facility design to prevent accidental or unintentional contamination or contact with agent(s)leading to the possibility/probability of infection."
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Growing and Enumerating E.coli Colonies, 2007.
This paper concerns experiments within the field of microbiology and discusses growing and enumerating E.coli colonies.
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
The writer points out that the purpose of this laboratory was to acquire fundamental knowledge and experience in microbiological procedures, specifically in growing bacterial colonies on a nutrient medium under controlled conditions. In this case, Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria were grown on nutrient agar, contamination was minimized by keeping the surroundings sterile, and all agar plates were incubated. The writer notes that the first part involved making five serial dilutions from a bacterial suspension in order to pinpoint colony numbers. The second experiment compared two methods of spreading bacteria across agar plates using streaks. The goal was to isolate single colonies. Lastly, the third portion of the laboratory involved replicating plates from a master plate in order to isolate strains of mutant bacteria onto different nutrient mediums and determine bacterial auxotrophy to these nutrients.
Outline:
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
References
From the Paper
"In the streaking experiment, method B proved to be much more effective for isolating single colonies. The different streaking methods may have contributed to the morphological differences between the E. coli on the two plates. There were evident differences in the size and colour. Since method B was dominated by spaced out single colonies, the darker colour and larger size can be attributed to more nutrients being available to each colony, and more room (surface area) for growth. For the same reason, the more crowded groups of bacteria on the method A plate were a lighter colour and generally smaller. Aside from these two differences, the E. coli shared great resemblance, and based on morphology alone, should not be classified as different species. Nonetheless, the only way to determine whether or not two sets of visibly different bacteria are genetically different is to actually observe their DNA."
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Anthrax as a Biological Weapon, 2005.
An analysis of anthrax and its potential use as a biological weapon in the 21st century.
1,191 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper analyses how anthrax is a powerful biological weapon, which when used appropriately, may result in the death of thousands or even millions of people. It examines how, in order to maximise the efficiency of a response to a bio-terrorist attack involving anthrax, wider knowledge of the microbiology and spore formation of anthrax is needed, as well as effective biological counter measures to ensure the safety of civilian populations.
Outline
Introduction Releasing Anthrax
Epidemiology Symptoms
Microbiology
Pathology Methods of Control
Recommendations
Conclusion Bibliography Appendix
From the Paper
"Releasing anthrax would be relative simple, a cloud of anthrax spores released in a strategic location, with a high civilian population, could kill thousands or even millions of people if released according. A lethal dosage of anthrax is considered to be 10,000 spores; 80% of a population that inhaled such a dose would die. Less than one millionth of a gram is invariably fatal within a couple of days after exposure. (REF) An anthrax aerosol would be odourless and invisible following release and would have the potential to travel many kilometres."
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The Smallpox Threat, 2004.
A biology report on the threat of virus variola as a biological weapon.
1,818 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 13 sources, MLA, AU$ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the threat of virus variola (smallpox) as a biological weapon, particularly against Australia. It covers the history of smallpox (both generally and as a biological weapon), its microbiology (structure, forms, causes and symptoms) and its epidemiology (distribution, methods of control and recommendations to limit distribution in Australia). This is coupled with several diagrams and graphs.
Outline
Introduction
Smallpox History
Microbiology
Epidemiology
Methods of control
Recommendations
Conclusion
Appendix
From the Paper
"Coming from the genus Orthopoxvirus and the family Poxviridae, the virus variola comes in several different forms (Fields, 05:369). The two most common forms are that of Variola major and variola minor. Both produce very similar symptoms, however while variola minor has a fatality rate of around 1%, variola major has a fatality rate of approximately 30% (Mayo clinic, 2003) The virus also comes in two rare forms: haemorrhagic and malignant. Killing 95% of its victims Haemorrhagic smallpox occurs in around 3% of variola major victims and is characterised by dark, purplish, blotchy flushing of the skin followed by high levels of blood loss through the skin and organs (Utah Government, 2002). Malignant smallpox victim's early symptoms are similar to that of the other forms of the disease, however the lesions never take on puss and remain flat. Malignant smallpox is more rare than its counterpart, however its fatality rate reaches that of 100%. (E-medicine, 2005)."
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Intelligent Design and Natural Selection, 2004.
A comparative analysis of the theories of intelligent design and natural selection.
1,973 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, ever since Charles Darwin wrote the "Origin of Species", other theories have been suggested to explain the variation in life forms. In particular, it looks at how, despite the fact that natural selection has been the prevailing theory since the 1800s, over the last decade or so, an increasing number of scientists in microbiology and mathematics, lawyers, philosophers, theologians, and teachers, are once again strongly supporting intelligent design. It discusses both theories and presents their cases as suitable explanations of life.
From the Paper
"The Darwinian theory of evolution states that one of the prime motives for all species is to reproduce and survive, passing on the genetic information of the species from one generation to the next. Species, however, tend to produce more offspring than the environment can support. The resources required to nourish these individuals puts pressure on the size of the species population, which leads to increased competition Some organisms will not survive. The organisms that are better suited to their environment, or exhibit more desirable characteristics, have a better chance of survival. This is referred to as ?survival of the fittest? (Mayr 118)"
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Ale Beer, 2008.
A look at the production of ale beer through fermentation of wort containing saccharomyces cerevisiae and acetic acid bacteria.
1,456 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at a study who's aim is to prepare an ale beer by fermentation and to investigate the microbiological aspects of the fermentation of malted barley extracts. It looks at how the study emphasizes yeast growth and factors that affect it (contaminants, temperature, pH). In the experiment the ale beer is prepared using a wort [Muntons Pale Ale Beer Kit] and yeast; saccharomyces cerevisiae. A control treatment (yeast + wort) is compared to a contaminant treatment containing acetic acid bacteria. The pH, temperature and concentration of yeast cells are also observed among the treatments on three different days.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Material and Methods
Innoculation of Wort for Beer Production
Measuring the Fermentation Progress of the Treatments
Results
Properties of the Control and Contaminant Treatments
Discussion
From the Paper
"The microbiological aspects of ale production were studied over a period of a 1 week. The study emphasized on yeast growth and on factors that affect it (contaminants, temperature, pH). On days 0, 1 , 4 of inoculation, a control treatment consisting of yeast; Saccharomyces cerevisiae and wort was compared to a contaminant treatment consisting of wort, yeast; Saccharomyces cerevisiae and an additional inoculum of acetic acid bacteria;vinegar. Throughout the main processes of beer production, the pH of the wort from the contaminant treatment was lower than the control, thus more acidic. Yeast concentration was higher in the in the contaminant treatment for both day 0 and day 1. A lower pH and higher yeast concentration suggest that the yeast cells are reproducing and utilization phosphate. After 4 days of inoculation, yeast concentration and pH was higher in the control treatment. "
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SARS: An Epidemic Outbreak, 2004.
A brief discussion about Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the recent outbreaks of SARS in the Asian region and what microbiological epidemics like this threaten to do to our way of life.
From the Paper
"The recent outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is one that has taken much of the world by storm. It has caused much upheaval and panic among the industrialized nations of the world. To date a few hundred people have died from the disease, while several thousand have contracted it. The unknown nature of its origin and how it spreads is the most unsettling aspect of the new disease. Researchers from all over the globe are geared towards finding a cure and identifying the strain of virus or bacteria that is the cause of this disease."
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The Lost Colony of Roanoke, 2007.
A look at the impact of disease on the lost American colony of Roanoke.
969 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how one of the most perplexing historical mysteries of early American history is that of the lost colony of Roanoke. It examines how the initial contact between the settlers and the Roanoke Indians included a biological clash at the microbiological level in the form of disease and how disease weakened and reduced the native population. It also examines how, because of the intellectual and religious interpretations available to the American Indians at the time, the virulence of the diseases acted as a kind of unintentional, but effective weapon of fear for the settlers.
From the Paper
"When first exposed to the early English colonists in what would become the Southern United States, the native population experienced an almost immediate, precipitous "depopulation" that was mainly due to imported European diseases that the native populace had not been exposed to ever before. Thus, the Roanoke Indians had not built up immunity towards European ailments in a way that the settlers, who had experienced exposure to such microbes all their lives, had been able to form within their bodies. In coastal North Carolina alone, measles, smallpox, and colds caused a death rate of up to a quarter of some of the native villages near the Roanoke colony. "
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The Human Genome Project, 2007.
An analysis of the future of the Human Genome Project
2,785 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 120.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview and discussion of the current state of genetic technology, with emphasis on the Human Genome Project. The microbiological aspects of genomic sequencing are briefly summarized. The focus is mainly on the ethical and social implications of knowing and understanding each gene. It also looks at how this emerging biotechnology is embedded into modern society through complex interactions between several institutions.
From the Paper
"The project is a culmination of the application of the results of the past 50 years in genetics. Since the discovery of the structure of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), scientists have made two vital conclusions. The genome, containing an individual's DNA sequences, is a map for the physical and behaviourial traits that one has inherited. Therefore, a species' genome is the code to all of its biological faculties (Levi 6). In this sense, the Human Genome Project can be viewed as a necessary and central component to genetic progress, since complete knowledge of our DNA sequence is required to develop biotechnology that is more effective and on a broader scale."
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Food Safety and Sanitation, 2008.
An analysis of food safety and sanitation requirements to prevent food and waterborne illness.
1,543 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of food safety. It analyzes issues related to food safety, such as spoilage, food-borne pathogens and the microbiological quality of food. It then discusses sanitation regulations and standards with regards to food handling. The paper also looks at the two increasing trends of people desiring healthier nutrition and increasing global imports of produce and the effects these have on the potential for food and waterborne illness to expand.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Food Safety
Sanitation
Solutions and Conclusions
From the Paper
"More importantly, interviews with sorters and packers later revealed that the tomatoes had not been washed at any site. The evidence indicated that the tomatoes were contaminated at a terminal distribution site instead of a more central site of production, processing, or distribution. Currently, new contributing factors are aggravating the issue of food safety. Among these factors are changes in food consumption and cooking practices; increased restaurant dining; diminished consumer immunity; increased time between production and consumption; government and food industry negligence; and poor management (Griffith, 2006). Adding to the problem are new strains of pathogens. Meanwhile, other trends are counteracting those factors. According to West (2006), a major advance for the food sector is that concepts such as hazard analysis and critical control point for food safety are currently aspects of management systems."
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