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Electronic Medication Administration, 2008.
This paper determines the effects electronic medication administration records (EMARs) have had on reducing medication administration errors and improving patient safety.
1,639 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
The paper addresses the hypothesis that the use of electronic medication administration records (EMARs) should significantly improve overall medication administration accuracy in terms of efficiency, effectiveness and safety of medication administration. The paper shows how electronic methods remove risks of inattention or fatigue and maintains that patient safety should not be compromised by unnecessary and preventable clerical errors in medication administration.
Outline:
Introduction
Significance to Nursing
Review of Literature
Summary
From the Paper
"Presently, error reduction in patient identification in hospital relies on accuracy of data collection and strict adherence to procedures ensuring the relay of patient data is error-free. This often involves a "human factor," because the steps involved, from the recording of data to signing out blood from the blood bank involves one or more personnel, each prone to errors, most especially when tasks are repetitive and fatigue sets in. Usually, these extreme situations are avoided but not totally. In this sense, another solution must be found to further reduce patient identification errors in blood transfusions."
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Medication Administration Errors, 2004.
An examination of what nurses perceive as the causative factors contributing to medication administration errors.
1,742 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 16 sources, MLA, AU$ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, too often, health care systems do not take the time necessary to define causative factors for medication administration errors and how, rather, it is more convenient to simply assign blame. It looks at how studies suggest that medication administration errors are on the rise and how far more errors happen than are currently reported. It proposes a study to investigate how health care systems contribute to medication administration errors and to better define exactly what critical factors are most to blame for those errors. It aims to examine the notion that systematic errors are in large part to blame for administration errors, rather than individual errors. It also intends to develop a framework for identifying potential causes for errors, thus supplying nursing care professionals much needed tools to enable them to prevent such errors.
Outline
Introduction
Background of Problem
Significance of the Problem
Problem Statement
Conceptual Framework
Preliminary Literature Review
Method
Research Design
Data Collection Procedure
Ethical Considerations
From the Paper
"In a health care environment, a system may be defined as the following: an integrated delivery system, a centrally owned multi-hospital system, an operating room, an obstetrical unit or an oncology unit (NAP, n.d.: 45). To understand how errors might happen in a system, one must first examine the more far reaching elements of a system. For example, the operating room can be tied to the larger surgical department, which is part of a hospital, which is ?part of a larger health care delivery system? (NAP, n.d.:45). This makes the process of identifying an error within the system more challenging, because there are greater areas to examine."
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Improving Medication Administration Through Informatics, 2006.
A review of informatics as a solution to problems in the healthcare sector.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 9 sources, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how there are numerous healthcare crises throughout the world including an ongoing nursing shortage, increase in medical errors and a decrease in patient level of care and satisfaction. The paper further discusses how nursing informatics is a relatively new adjunct to the nursing profession that can solve all of these issues simultaneously. This paper presents a high level examination of how medication administration can be improved with informatics.
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Medication, Errors and Technology, 2008.
This paper looks at the electronic medication administration record (E-MAR) system of medication administration.
1,322 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the E-MAR that consists of a combination bedside medication administration tool and electronic medication administration record (E-MAR) which is designed to provide safety and flexibility in medication administration. The writer explains that the primary function of bar-coded medication administration is to reduce medication errors at the point of care. The E-MAR makes use of bar-code scanning technology which scans the patient's ID, identifies the caregiver and the medication. The writer then discusses advantages and disadvantages to the use of the E-MAR. The writer notes that the most significant benefit of the E-MAR is that it greatly reduces the potential for drug errors. The writer concludes that bar-coded medication administration should be adopted because of its contribution to optimal patient safety.
Outline:
Benefits of the E-MAR
Disadvantages
Recommendations
From the Paper
"The system contains its own built-in decision making tools related to certain medications. It is also designed to conform to regulatory compliance. Use of the E-MAR assists in preventing drug interactions as well as missed doses. These tasks are achieved through reminders received at the nurses' station that display a window of opportunity for effective dose administration along with identifying critical drugs that require priority administration. The system is designed to capture pre- and post-dosage clinical charting. The E-MAR identifies the patient to the system, and determines the medications that have been ordered. The system then checks for allergies and drug interactions, and reviews the dosing schedule. The E-MAR also can manage its own inventories for medication supplies on the floor.
"The E-MAR system assists in documentation since it provides reminders related to charting, assessment, or documentation of an outcome. In addition, the E-MAR allows for complete point of care documentation, automated ordering of medications, along with critical pre- and post-dosing clinical charting support."
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Public Administration: Four Major Administrative Traditions, 2004.
This paper reviews four fundamentally different intellectual traditions and offers input as to where the ?public administration? of the U.S. is in 2003.
1,425 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces the issue of public administration and then discusses four major theories of public administration: the Hamiltonian Tradition, the Jeffersonian Tradition, the Madisonian Tradition, and Wilsonian Tradition. The paper then compares these traditions and provides an analysis of the traditions and today?s U.S. executive administration.
From the Paper
"Alexander Hamilton?s insistence on a strong executive branch was not based solely on his desire to push his own philosophy of public administration on the young nation. He had seen the failure of the Articles of Confederation in its attempt to solidify the country; states quarreled about everything before ratifying the Articles, and some even went out on a limb and had their own foreign policy. States couldn?t agree on paying for a national army, nor on taxation and spending. Hamilton?s balancing act was, how does the country create an executive ?powerful enough to make the government strong? (Kettl, page 30) and yet how does the country prevent a concentration of too much authority and power in the White House? Hamilton had plenty of experience in executive decision-making, as he was the very first treasury secretary in the nation; and it was his authorship of documents on public credit, national banking, and manufacturing that later formed the basis of the executive branch of national government."
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Electronic Medical Records, 2002.
A discussion of impact of electronic medical records on twenty-first century medical practice,
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper examines and analyzes how electronic medical records will revolutionize medical practice in the twenty-first century, and concludes that they will be of immense value to health care professionals and medical administrators.
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Healthcare Industry and Medical Malpractice in the U.S., 2006.
Evaluates the current situation of medical malpractice and the crises in the healthcare industry in the United States.
5,460 words (approx. 21.8 pages), 23 sources, MLA, AU$ 192.95
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Abstract
The massive United States healthcare system plays an important place in society. Enormous amounts of money spent on health care, fail to a large degree in terms of healthiness or life expectancy. Medical malpractice aggravates this situation due to inflating costs. This paper analyzes how the legal system in the United States is putting pressure on the healthcare system, looks at ways that healthcare delivery has gotten more expensive and potentially more harmful or wary of risk. Tort reform is examined with the potential to help reduce medical costs, but does not seem to be a sufficient long-term goal. Finally, the paper explores the idea of medical courts or tribunals, specialized medical decision makers that could help to increase fair and reasonable judgments for medical malpractice claims.
Paper Outline:
The United States' Legal System is Killing Healthcare
The Impact of the Legal System on Healthcare in the United States
Tort Reform
Medical Courts and Medical Administrative Tribunals
Benefits of Medical Courts and/or Tribunals
From the Paper
"The United States legal system, at both the state and federal level, has never had the direct impact on an industry as it has on the U.S. health care industry. Currently, outside of very lax civil procedure rules, anyone can bring a medical malpractice claim and receive compensation without any factual findings made by a judge or jury. In other words, claimants may receive compensation from defendants without proving their allegations. Parties in medical liability lawsuits can hire so-called experts who routinely testify for the plaintiffs or defendants and skew their testimony towards the side who paid them to testify."
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Philippine Public Administration Reform, 2008.
Examines the concepts, issues and prospects for public administration reform and economic development in the Philippines.
13,635 words (approx. 54.5 pages), 35 sources, MLA, AU$ 360.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that public administration, within the context of public sector governance, plays a key role in Philippine economic development. The author points out that major issues and factors vital to the attainment economic development of the Philippine are encompassed within the sphere of public administration and governance. This paper argues that crucial to better prospects for the Philippine economy are improvements in fiscal and administrative performance of public institutions and the public sector in general. The paper reviews some key macroeconomic issues affecting economic growth in the Philippines and attempts to give some insights into perplexing questions as to why the Philippine economy remain sluggish.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Public Administration Reform for Economic Development: A Conceptual Framework
Review of Related Literature: Economic Development and Role of Public Administration
Institutions and Economic Development
The Public Sector in Economic Development
Information Market Failure
Spillovers
Sunk Investment
Social Impacts
Political Pressure
Aspects of Public Finance and Growth
On Public Administration Reform and Economic Development
Fiscal Administration
Bureaucratic Efficiency and Innovation
Transparency and Accountability
Rule of Law and Judicial Reforms
Review of the Philippine Situation: Administration
of Economic Development
On Fiscal Administration
On Bureaucratic Efficiency and Innovation: Rationalization Program of Government
On Transparency and Accountability
On Rule of Law and Judicial Reforms
Implications to Prospects for Economic Development
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Efforts on mainstreaming transparency and accountability principles practices in government operations and anti-corruption measures still remain such a formidable challenge and progress have been lacking. This is very important area for reform since it has been found out that perceptions of corruption and weakness in government to maintain and promote the rule of law has far-reaching negative economic implications. Hence sincere effort has to start somewhere."
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Medical Staffing Management, 2005.
This paper argues that the situation of medical staff erosion is effecting patient care.
2,015 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, with managed care systems, hospitals needed to compete for managed care contracts and gain clout with insurers for better reimbursement rates; therefore, administrators, who are usually not medically trained, save costs by downsizing the R.N. staff, resulting in less favorable patient outcomes. The author suggests that the simplest solution would be to abolish for-profit medical facilities and replace them with facilities judged on how well they spend all their income on patient care by providing the best possible medical care by doctors, nurses and nursing assistants. The paper concludes that, as long as the United States considers the right to make a handsome profit more important than the mandate to provide care for the sick, nothing will change.
Table of Contents
History of Nursing-Staff Erosion
Legal Ramifications
Possible Solutions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Hospitals may cross-train janitors and security guards to do nursing work. "Studies report that hospital nursing staffs, which once consisted of 85-95 percent registered nurses and only 5-15 percent aides, are now only 80, 70 sometimes 50 percent registered nurses and up to 50 percent aides." This sort of understaffing leads to errors. Sometimes those errors are R.N. errors, due to lack of time to consider all the ramifications of their own and their assistants' actions. For example, in one nursing care facility, an elderly man, called Mr. D by authors Baker and Cooper, was restrained, partially because of his behavior. However, he became agitated during a time when he was not under observation because, with too few assistants, an R.N. had to reassign some staff."
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Information Technology and E-Government in Public Administration, 2008.
A literature review to study information technology (IT) and e-government in public administration.
4,045 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 158.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the implementation and deployment of information technology (IT) solutions in public administration have tended to strengthen the hierarchical bureaucracies already in place instead of transforming these processes. The author then identifies propositions and barriers to effective e-governance. The paper concludes that e-governance has a long way to go in actually delivering public service administration via the Internet. A better understanding of the potential of public administration via the Internet is critical for public administration employees and officials if the benefits of e-governance are to be realized in a manner that truly benefits the public. Several tables and figures are included with the paper.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Theoretical Ideal of Information Technology Examined
Key Issues in E-Government and Public Administration
E-Government Initiatives and Local Government
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The second reform proposition claiming that IT has the power to change the structure of an organization and was therefore a tool for reform is "grounded in the belief that information technology can directly impact the data structure of public administration enforcing or relaxing traditional hierarchical forms." The main-frame computer was viewed from the perspective of being a consolidator of data and expertise which resulted in a reinforcing of hierarchical organizational structures and this is upheld in research findings."
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PDAs, Pocket PCs and Medical Practices, 2006.
A paper looking at the increased use of PDAs and Pocket PCs in the medical community.
1,801 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to clarify and explain the benefits offered to the medical community by its increased use of PDAs and Pocket PCs. The paper suggests that PDAs and Pocket PCs not only improve the quality of the work provided by medical care professionals, but also their efficiency in the completion of their administrative functions.
From the Paper
"The era of the Dot.com has come to an end. Customers are no longer enamored of new and snazzy technical gadgets. So too is their reluctance with snapping up the newer versions of software that are flooding the markets. There are reports that there has been a full stop to the purchasing of products and services all around without the comprehension of the exact benefits that they would derive and the impact of these products and services on the bottom line and whether this would be in keeping with the overall business objectives. This has caused a reversal of fortunes for the computer companies and there has been a realization that a lot of effort is needed to find fresh revenue generating markets and invigorate the old markets. It is in Health care that these companies have found the fresh market that they were looking for to generate revenues that were not coming in. Health care was one segment of industry that was slow in going in for information technology and still has to go along way in embracing this new technology and thereby automating its most fundamental processes. (What's New in Mobile Computing for Healthcare?)"
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Documentation in Medical Practices, 2006.
This paper discusses the importance of documentation in emergency medical services.
2,248 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 100.95
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Abstract
The paper explains how documentation is important when an emergency medical technician renders aid to a patient when he/she is ill, critically injured or hurt. Documentation would enable the hospital to keep a track of what type of treatment has been given to the patient, and how he/she responded to the treatment given. The paper illustrates how organizations have made lists of rules and regulations to help those people responsible for documentation while taking care of their patient. This ensures that they would be able to perform their duty efficiently, as well as provide the important documentation needed for the administration of the hospital.
Contents:
Thesis Statement
Introduction
Conclusion
From the Paper
"An Emergency Medical Technician, who has been able to successfully establish an EMT-patient relationship by the mere fact that he was the individual who had begun emergency care for the patient that he is taking care of at the present time, has a responsibility and a duty to make sure that he take care of that patient until such time that help arrives in the form of a specialist or some other person who can relieve the emergency medical technician. It must be noted that this relief generally comes when the patient reaches the hospital, and the report made by the EMT is submitted to the attending staff. At times, when it so happens that the patient is not actually transported by the first arriving EMT but by another provider, then it is the duty of the first EMT to give a full report on the patient to the second arriving EMT, who would be taking over the care of the patient from that point of time onwards."
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Medical Management, 2004.
A discussion of various management techniques and how they can be applied to the medical field.
4,703 words (approx. 18.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 175.95
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Abstract
This paper examines some important management concepts and practices. Although these concepts are drawn from the world of commerce, they have considerable applicability within the world of medicine as well. This research provides an overview of both the private and public health care markets, focusing particularly on The Royal Devon and Exeter hospital, which is a part of the National Health Service, and the Exeter Nuffield, which is a private hospital. While there are elements of hospital administration that are, of course, unique and that cannot be derived from other areas, there are a number of management concepts that can be extrapolated from one context to another. This paper focuses on those elements of management strategy that are current in the business world that have applicability to the world of medical management as well.
Introduction
The Centrality of Communication
Reengineering the Hospital
Shared Competitive Agenda
Clear Charter of Values
Competing for Talent
Speed of Reaction
Leveraging Resources
The (Stumbling) Dance of Change
References
From the Paper
"Both high-tech firms and health-care organizations share the need to be able to meet the needs of an increasingly mobile workforce even as they are able to obtain from these same often-transient employees their best work. In our uncertain economic times, employees feel increasingly less loyalty to their employers and are more and more likely to consider themselves to be independent contractors whose fealty is to themselves alone. This means that every aspect of staffing at health-care organizations ? from recruitment to retention ? is increasingly difficult. This in turn means that senior managers must take on increasing responsibilities, especially in the arena of communicating with workers at every level and in every department of the organization."
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Public Administration, 2002.
A research paper on the makeup of the public administration system in America.
1,987 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 91.95
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Abstract
This essay deals with prominent figures in public administration and considers the effect of their writings and theories on the field of public administration. The paper provides an analysis of the core areas of public administration and how these areas interrelate with one another; taking into account the theories and writings of major players in the field of public administration and how their views shaped these areas.
From the Paper
"The principles of public administration are the clearest description of its usefulness to society and government. This administrative science is barely 100-125 years old in the U.S. and a little over 200 years old in France. Tracing its roots back to Napoleon, public administration evolved largely as a result of the increasing complexity of society, economy and technology. The French system of Public Administration is still considered by many to be the world?s best. Compared to Germany and Britain, the U.S. was relatively slower to utilize public administration in widespread government."
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Power, Institutions, and the Role of Public Administration, 2008.
A review of the role of public administration in society, as an instrument of the state, in assisting citizens.
2,614 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 113.95
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Abstract
The paper states that public administration is crucial to the achievement of developmental aims and that it is substantially inextricable from its wider governance and societal structures and social milieus. The paper relates that an important unit of analysis is the nature of institutions and the "inherently" perceived phenomenon of power dynamics. The concept of power is important in understanding the intra- and inter-organizational political dynamics and reality of public institutions. The paper further states that it is crucial to understand the nature and role of public administration in society in light of globalization and changing role of the state. Lastly, the paper looks at the evolving role of public administration as an instrument of the state in "serving" citizens.
Outline:
Power and Institutions
Intergovernmental Relations: Bargaining and Negotiating
Public Administration in Democratic Governance
UNDP Governance Characteristics
Role of Government
Development Goals (MDGs)
From the Paper
"Thus, there is an imminent need to provide for a more balanced and holistic perspective of power in institutions so as to mitigate its predatory consequences and ensure positive implications on current normative trend espousing respect for human rights and rights of minority. The benign conceptualization of power dynamics in political institution, in a way, has a terrible effect on policies and public administration as it would seem espousing for institutionalized discrimination and oppression while benefiting others (usually those holding power or associated with them)."
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The Bush Administration and Lobbying, 2002.
An examination of factors which influence decision making in the Bush Administration.
4,150 words (approx. 16.6 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 219.95
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Abstract
This paper explores how the Bush Administration is driven by concerns from industry, including oil and transportation, and that this might arguably impact national policy. Currently, the environmentalist movement is worried because many of the members of the Bush Administration are themselves former lobbyists for industry and fuel businesses. This paper investigates the current policies of the Bush Administration and their interests in industry- related lobbies. This paper shall be written with an emphasis on environmentalism in order to demonstrate why some organizations feel that the industries and the Bush Administration are too closely connected at this time.
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