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Media Manipulation, 2006.
A review of media manipulation, focusing on the various methods of manipulation.
2,145 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and reports the opinions of experts and journalists who have analyzed the issue of media manipulation of the news. This is not a paper that is predicting a "big brother" conspiracy that is trying to take over America or brainwash all the TV-watching, Internet surfing and newspaper-reading citizens. But there are many issues that the average American should be aware of when trying to read, hear, watch and digest "news" as presented by the media today, and this paper addresses those concerns.
From the Paper
"It's very clear from reading through research material on today's media that most Americans get their evening news through half-hour TV programs specializing in dramatic, entertaining video and "sound bites" from politicians, entertainers, and the "man in the street."
Those news shows - from cable, local, and network productions - are often more concerned with ratings (which drive the profitability of television) than with full coverage. That is not a positive trend in American life, and this paper addresses that dynamic as well.
The significance of media manipulation can be seen even more dramatically with a look back at the way television journalism was presented to the public in the recent past. Reporters had guts, and went after government; that is depicted in a new movie, "Good Night and Good Luck," written and directed by actor George Clooney. The movie features the professional life of former CBS television interviewer, Edward R. Murrow, who boldly took on U.S. Senator Joe McCarthy at a time when McCarthy was attacking many well-known people with baseless accusations that they were "communists." An article in the Los Angeles Times (Goldstein, 2005) refers to Murrow as "a real hero" who, like other journalists in his era, "once pursued greatness, not just ratings and ad linage."
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The Media's Manipulation and Influence on Foreign Policy, 2002.
An analysis of the American media's effect on foreign policy making and the influences and propaganda behind it.
1,267 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 11 sources, AU$ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the media's influence on American foreign policy, focusing on the propaganda and influences, which rule the media. The paper illustrates how the media acts for the interests of the U.S. government and discusses the fact that the media is owned by corporations. The paper claims that the ensuing result is many serious and important events do not get reported and the concept of free press is an illusion.
Format: Chicago style
From the Paper
"Those who witnessed the atrocities of September 11, 2001 all over the world, and especially the United States, are not likely to forget the horrendous images. Every news channel played nonstop footage of planes crashing and buildings collapsing, smoke and flames, people screaming and jumping from buildings, and of course the inevitability that so many would be dead. There is no doubt that this event was a huge disaster and a horrible moment that will leave a mark in history as one of the worst terrorism acts. However, there are numerous catastrophic events, as well as deaths of individuals, that do not produce much of a response in the American media."
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Media and the War on Terrorism, 2002.
A paper which discusses the media?s manipulation of the war on terrorism.
3,200 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 16 sources, MLA, AU$ 133.95
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Abstract
A paper which presents a detailed discussion about the war on terrorism and the media?s manipulation of the war. The writer outlines the societal views of the US attacks on Middle Eastern soil. The writer also describes the way the media has manipulated society members regarding the attacks by refusing to cover certain issues and cooperating with the US government.
From the Paper
"One of the earliest ways that the media began to manipulate the world opinion about the United States attack in the Middle East was its coverage of Bin Laden?s reaction to the attacks on 9-11. The media on an almost world wide basis began to claim in November that Bin Laden had proclaimed credit was his for the attacks(Truth pg 10). Media in the United States, Britain, New Zealand and other nations insisted that he had admitted, ?we did it? (Truth pg 10). It was reported that he confessed on a news network in England. This would have a very heavy impact on the way society would view Bin Laden and the war against the Middle East. Until this occurred, America as well as other nations were outraged at the attacks on America which killed thousands of civilians but there was a hesitation about who to attack. "
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Manipulation in "Macbeth", 2004.
An analysis of the evidence of manipulation between individuals and the supernatural in William Shakespeare's "Macbeth."
2,009 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the evidence of manipulation in William Shakespeare's play, "Macbeth." It investigates this manipulation at both a supernatural level and a human one. It discusses who manipulates whom and how and then takes into consideration the consequences that it entails. Finally, the paper discusses to what extent manipulation can be considered as a key to the whole play.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Body
Manipulation
Supernatural manipulation
Manipulation at a human level
Lady Macbeth:
Macbeth - from manipulated to manipulator
The rhetoric of manipulation
The consequences of manipulation
At the level of events
At the level of the individual
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to the Concise Oxford Dictionary, "manipulation", from manipulate (manus) can be defined as "to manage persons by dextrous (esp. unfair) use of influence". Hence, it can be considered as a form of influence exerted upon someone, in order to obtain something or to change someone's behaviour for a given purpose. As a consequence, manipulation involves a certain form of persuasion, even domination; it is then a basic political principle. Macbeth can be defined as the tragedy of usurped power insofar as Macbeth, the hero, transgresses the natural order to fulfil his personal ambition. To achieve his goal, he does not hesitate to manipulate the natural course of history by killing Duncan. The murder of the rightful king is inevitably followed by many others until Macbeth's tyranny is fully established in the realm. Yet, if the political dimension of the tragedy must not be overlooked, Macbeth is also and above all the tragedy of a man who chooses evil instead of good to satisfy his mad passion. In other words, politics and metaphysics are closely linked in the play. Thus, because of its very specificity, manipulation in Macbeth must be investigated at different levels, at a supernatural level, then at a human one (The first question to ask is who manipulates whom and how (i.e. rhetoric of manipulation)? Then we must take into consideration the consequences that it entails. At last, to what extent can manipulation be considered as a key to the whole play, and what conclusion can we derive from this?"
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Manipulation, 2002.
A review of Immanuel Kant's theory of manipulation from his book "To the Metaphysical Elements of Ethics".
1,181 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Immanuel Kant's theory of manipulation and how the manipulation of one man by another, or a group of men by another, seems to be considered immoral, or less than moral, since the idea of manipulation is the assumption of some sort of power over others. It discusses how Kant believed that virtue is the term for opposing and resisting immorality within us. It attempts to answer the question of why a man manipulates others whether it be for power, for greed or for some sort of financial or political gain- an edge over others.
From the Paper
"Kant makes his theory of ethics very clear. "What are the Ends which are also Duties? They are A. Our own perfection. B, Happiness of others." (Kant 1952 369) Perfection is an ideal which can never be truly reached of course. But, we can use the Hippocratic Oath as an example, which states "At least, do no harm." How can we provide3 happiness for others when, within our human make-up there continues to be the idea of manipulating for our own ends. The answer is simple- we need to look inward. One must remember the historic cry of Attorney Joseph Welch railing against Senator Joseph McCarthy: "Have you no shame?" We are, indeed, our brothers? keepers in the sense that thwarting their ambitions and the ends to which they strive does indeed degrade us. Means do matter toward an end. If there is one trait that Man has which no other animal possesses it is a conscience."
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Use of Manipulation Under Anesthesia, 2005.
A discussion regarding chiropractics and the use of manipulation under anesthesia.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses manipulation under anesthesia for a chiropractic doctoral candidate in fulfillment of sports medicine advanced licensing. This paper discusses the efficacy of the technique, applicability to sports medicine, issues with insurance coverage and how although the technique has been in use for over 70 years, insurance companies still refuse coverage stating it is experimental. This paper also talks about learning the technique from a CCE accredited chiropractic college.
From the Paper
"Manipulation Under Anesthesia (MUA) is a common technique for providing more rigorous manipulations in a pain free manner to effect muscular and spinal subluxation corrective treatments when all other modes aimed at effective pain management and or the revitalization of structural integrity have failed. MUA is particularly relevant to the field of Sports Medicine. Most athletes are conditioned to accept a high level of pain and develop a high pain threshold. When this high pain threshold is pitted against what a chiropractor, osteopath or other medical professional can do during the performance of manipulative therapy, unless the surrounding musculature is relaxed, although the athletic patient might not complain, his physiological constrictive musculature will give him away; causing even more difficulty in achieving the goals that the practitioner is trying to achieve. "
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Consumer Manipulation through Advertising, 1990.
This paper discusses consumer manipulation through advertising: Sexual and other stimulants to influence purchase, movie stars, subliminal seduction and stereotyped thinking to trade on the consumer's lack of self-confidence and fears.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 103.95
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From the Paper
"This paper will be concerned with the topic of consumer manipulation through advertising. There are a number of ways in which advertisers may try to persuade the public to buy their products. However, it has been found that one of the most effective ways to stimulate buying behavior is through the manipulation of people's fears and desires. In the words of one advertising director: "Fear, envy, vanity, health, utility, profit, pride, love and entertainment. If you ever spend money it will be for one of those reasons". Research studies have tended to support this view, and as such there are numerous indications that consumer decision making is more strongly motivated by emotional, rather than rational, needs.
Advertisers have long been aware that sex is the most powerful stimulant for influencing the public to buy. ,,, "
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Manipulation Tactics, 2006.
This paper examines various strategies and methods of persuasion and influence, whether for financial gain or other purposes.
1,053 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the cause and effects of cult influences, while also detailing the four main methods of defense against these particular manipulation tactics. The writer of this paper stresses the importance of protecting ourselves against these specific influences, by understanding the warning signs associated with cults. This paper explores the bias of self-serving cults, which are well known and should be recognized easily. This paper focuses on another manipulation and influential tactic, which is used by the media in advertising. The writer of this paper also discusses the ethical and moral aspects surrounding these coercion tactics.
From the Paper
"Another method of influence that comes on us is through frames and they are used for both good of the people or evil. The frames are manipulative to put individuals in a situation where they would find it very difficult to get out of. The frames are formed in a manner where they can not be determined easily as ordinary persons are too busy to realize that they are facing an issue which has been framed. The method of avoiding this is to remember that one has to make all decisions for oneself with full responsibility. One of the areas when this is used in convincing people to purchase some not needed items. To avoid this people have to ask themselves whether they need the item, or whether they have greater needs for their money. One has also to find out if the seller would be making a benefit from the purchase, and this is to be found out. When this matter is being hidden one can be certain that one is being framed. The method of defending oneself is to suggest alternate strategies to the individual and see the reaction."
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The Manipulation of Physical Space on Education, 2008.
This paper discusses physical space barriers decreasing the quality of education for minorities in the United States, as presented to the New York City Council Education Committee.
4,480 words (approx. 17.9 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 169.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the manipulation of physical space and other barriers diminishing quality education for minorities in the United States. In the paper, the author conducts a nation wide scan of those barriers, the players and interests involved, and the effects of those barriers on life chances, and identifies several alternative courses of action to remedy the situation. Specifically, these alternatives were judged upon their feasibility so that the New York City Council Education Committee could rely on the suggestions of the author in deciding how best to address this issue.
Outline:
Introduction
Residential Segregation in the United States Since the 1968 Fair Housing Act and How it is Connected to Quality Education
Key Players, Interests, Power and Histories
Effects of Residential Segregation its Effects on Education
Conclusion and Possible Courses of Action
Suggestions and Recommendations
Changing Election Districts
Changing Zoning and Land Use Regulations
Changing School Districts
Tables
From the Paper
"Residential segregation is the manifestation of the concept of economic superiority and minority socioeconomic inferiority through geographically dominated areas forcing minorities to live in designated areas away from the superior economically advantaged. As time goes on and a minorities gain economic success and try to move to an area that is populated by the economic affluent but they are blocked by a number of means including: zoning laws, housing development regulations, mortgage inflation, and changes in voting district zones. This behavior is illegal conduct in the United States since the passing of the 1968 Fair Housing Act and all subsequent acts that followed because the Fair Housing Act fails to eliminate discrimination in housing discrimination based on race, national origin, age, and families with children."
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Action Research: Manipulation In Key Parties, 2002.
Clarifies the discipline of action research and investigates the field of "key parties".
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper works to answer the question, "Is there any real relevance in worrying about the extent to which the power and the sway of the key parties can manipulate outcome?"
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The Human Tactic of Evolutionary Manipulation, 2000.
The ongoing discussion viewed through the lens of biotechnology about the meaning of evolution.
1,555 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the concept of evolution from a biotechnological point of view and the ongoing discussion amongst scholars. It looks at the article - Playing God in the Garden by Michael Pollan and explains why the epitomises the discussion of this topic.
From the Paper
"Some might say that human beings are, in large part, an arrogant species. Perhaps, they would suggest, we carry a general air of self-righteousness with respect to our relationship with the earth. It is a mien that evolves as we do. Our constantly developing sense of self, as well as the abilities to reason, implement social behavior and conduct intelligent thought processes, contributes directly to the superiority that we feel both as individuals and as a collective civilization. Whether this feeling of superiority is justified or not is a debate best left to another forum, however, the assumption of its credence has had a historically far-reaching effect on the world, perhaps an effect greater than any genuine substantiation to that assumption could engender. As a whole, we have taken the autonomy of global domination upon ourselves, and, rather than appealing to the practice of natural selection, we force the surrounding environments and species into an involuntary adaptation to our needs. As such, human evolution, and the demand it creates, affects change, or evolution in those environments and species. In the pursuit of our own survival, we have altered, and in some cases disturbed, the natural process of evolution in the plant and animal kingdoms in order to meet our own needs. Thusly, it can be deduced that a good majority of the unnatural evolution of certain environments and species can be directly attributed to the evolution of humanity. This is of crucial import when considering particular examples of natural response to human tampering as discussed in our text. In his account, "Playing God In the Garden", Michael Pollan provides insight to Steven Jay Gould's discussion on the definition of evolution, "What Does the Dreaded "E" Word Mean, Anyway?" by directly applying the questions of human evolution's predictability, directionality and, essentially, its relevance to its surrounding world."
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Political Manipulation Of Language, 1989.
Uses, purposes & examples of military & government word choices to interfere with public's critical thinking processes (pacification, pre-emptive strike).
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 138.95
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From the Paper
"In the future, there may be an IQ test which will have a question with two lists of words: A) MIRV, terrorism, nuclear bomb, deterrence, retaliation, freedom of the press, Western Culture, communist, moderate, radical, rights, pacification, democracy, peace and B) house, dog, sidewalk, door. Like an IQ test of the past, it will ask the test-taker to determine the fundamental difference between the two lists and to mark the appropriate oval without making any stray marks on the answer sheet.
The appropriate answer will be that the first list is a list of political words designed and employed by Western democracies of the 20th century in order to control the thought of their citizens. List B is a list of "concrete words" that are ideologically neutral and used in everyday life (Stansky 94)."
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Iran And The Media, 2002.
Discusses the media history of Iran, including censorship and manipulation.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 102.95
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Abstract
A survey and analysis of Iran and how its government under the Shah and Islamic Republic censored and manipulated its media. It also looks at how Iran's people are finding loopholes to access the media in the West.
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Propaganda and Media, 2005.
This paper uses the theories of Noam Chomsky and Kathleen Jamieson to discuss propaganda and the media.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 45.95
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Abstract
In this article the theories of Noam Chomsky and Kathleen Jamieson are used to examine propaganda and the media. The writer looks at Jamieson's view of media manipulation. The writer also discusses Chomsky's view of civic democracy and the right to meaningful participation.
From the Paper
"Noam Chomsky proposes two alternative views of civic democracy in which on the one hand the public is perceived as having the right to meaningful participation in the management of their own affairs and the means of information are open and free and on the other hand a view holding that the public must be barred from such activities and the means of information must be kept narrowly and rigidly controlled. Kathleen Jamieson argues that while the media in a democracy is a source of ... "
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American Mass Media, 1991.
This paper discusses the American mass media in the context of freedom of expression: TV, investigative reporting, compared to Soviet TV, political talk shows, films, audience manipulation and trends.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 126.95
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From the Paper
" More than two hundred years ago, the drafters of the Bill of Rights to the Constitution gave "the press" a unique, privileged status among American businesses: freedom from government censorship of its editorial content, formally guaranteed in the language of the Constitution. Two hundred years later, we hardly speak anymore about "the press"; instead we speak of "the media," a term which is technically a Latin-derived plural, but is more often used in the singular. "The media is . . ." in part what used to be called the press--newspapers and magazines--but it also includes radio, broadcast and cable television, movies (in the theater, on TV, and at your neighborhood video store). "900" telephone toll number services are a recent addition to "the media," and others are no doubt in store.
The mass media are our window on the world; ... "
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Mainstream Chinese Media, 2006.
A look at how the government of China uses the Chinese media as a propaganda tool for manipulating the population.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 89.95
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Abstract
Authoritarian regimes are notorious for using the media as a means by which they can inculcate regime-friendly values while simultaneously discrediting adversaries at home and abroad. This paper examines the Chinese government's use of the media as a propaganda tool, pointing out that while its manipulation of the media may be more subtle than many of the repressive regimes which have preceded it or which exist contemporaneously with it, the fact remains that the power brokers in Beijing have been very quick to control the kind of news which reaches the eyes, ears and ultimately minds of Chinese citizens.
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