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Media and Governmental Control, 2002.
A study of the control of the media by historical and despotic governments.
760 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the media along with the control of media forms by historical and despotic governments such as Stalin's regime and Nazi Germany. The paper also discusses how the media can be used to abuse public matters and provides a recommendation of stronger laws to possibly bring some media agencies into line.
From the Paper
"Until the governments actually lay out rigid guidelines for media agencies there will always be invasion of privacy issues, libellous acts and breaks in national security, until such time there will be more and more indirect control of the media by governments. However, it must be stressed that these rigid laws must not be all controlling and non sympathetic to the journalists need to report the facts and truth, the law should not deny this for once truth is denied we lose our ability of the freedom of the press completely."
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Governmental Discretion in the Control of Development, 2002.
This paper compares the amount of control the government has over the planning system in the United States as opposed to the United Kingdom.
1,525 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the highly centralized government planning system in the UK as compared to the control of development in the USA. It shows how the US has a stronger localized tradition, with more layers of government that understand local planning matters, while the UK reserves the right to become involved in conflicts where 'the national interest' is concerned. Ultimately, the author contends, the differences between the two countries' constitutions can be detected in their planning systems.
From the Paper
"The ownership of property, at first glance, appears to confer certain rights to the owner in respect of the development of that land. But in reality the situation is more complicated, especially within the British planning system. In this country the ownership of land rights does not bring with it the right to develop that land. The government at both a local and national level ultimately decide whether or not development can go ahead. However, the government itself is not constrained by specific regulations or constitutional considerations. The state in Britain has significant discretion in the control of development. Here I shall discuss the advantages and limitations of giving a central role to governmental discretion in the control of development. For comparative analysis, planing practice in the USA shall also be discussed".
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Mad Cow Disease: Governmental and Media Culpability, 2002.
A discussion of the discovery of mad cow disease, to the present, and the role the media/government has played in control, prevention, and the dissemination of information.
2,000 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 91.95
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Abstract
Examines the treatment of Mad-cow disease in the media, and by the government.
Discusses the following topics
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and Scrapie
What Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Do
Two Theories on the Action of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies
British Government Admits Mad Cow Disease Exists (1987)
Testing Results by the British government MAFF
Culpability of the British Medical Society
The Spread of CJD
Steps Taken by the British Government
From the Paper
"Where the industry has gone wrong is in listening to the PR people. The mad-cow epidemic is not an information management issue?it is a disease that will not go away.? These words are from an interview with Dr. Pringle, a member of the Sperling Biomedical Foundation, and the founder of www.mad-cow.org. I believe that they highlight what has been fundamentally wrong about the treatment of mad-cow disease by the British government and the British media. Several grave errors have been made about the treatment of this issue, and they continue to have repercussions today, as we explore America?s mad-cow incidents, and rising problems in Europe, Asia, and South America. At the time this paper was written, mad cow disease had been confirmed in domestic cattle in Belgium, France, Ireland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Switzerland, Spain and Germany."
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Non-Governmental Organizations and Inter-Governmental Organizations, 2003.
An analysis of the role of non-governmental organizations and inter-governmental organizations in post-conflict reconstruction of developing nations.
1,965 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 40 sources, APA, AU$ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of non-governmental and inter-governmental agencies, followed by an analysis of the different issues that can adversely affect the post-conflict reconstruction process. A summary of the research and relevant findings are provided in the conclusion.
From the Paper
"Conflicts among people represent one of the main problems around the world today. People continue to become embroiled in violent confrontations practically everywhere because of religious, racial or political differences. Often the parties in conflict are unable to resolve these fundamental differences, and the governments involved are either unable or unwilling to assist in the process. It is vitally important, therefore, that appropriate nongovernmental organizations and intergovernmental organizations understand the processes involved and the effects of their activities on the people they are trying to help."
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Non-Governmental Agencies (NGOs), 2007.
This paper discusses the relationship of the U.S. with non-governmental agencies.
4,640 words (approx. 18.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 174.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that a non-governmental organization or a NGO is a non-profit group or association, synonymous with a voluntary or non-profit organization, which functions outside of standard institutionalized political structures and which attempts to realize certain relevant social objectives, such as environmental protection or community service. The author points out that, even though NGOs emerged in importance a mere two decades ago on the international scene, they are acknowledged as major players in most countries. The paper stresses that the government of the United States of America has started to recognize the valuable and important role that non-governmental organizations play in its policy making and implementation processes.
From the Paper
"According to the US Secretary General's remarks during the closing session of a DPI/ NGO Conference in New York, one must indeed be grateful and thank the founders of the United Nations, who had the basic wisdom and forethought to make a provision in the United Nations' Article 71, for consultations and discussions with the non-governmental organizations of the country. Perhaps, he went on to say, at that time, about sixty years ago, the fact that non-governmental organizations had a close contact with civil society, even in those days, made it a vital point in favor of the health of the Organization, and also for the basic well being of the people."
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Role of Inter-Governmental Relations and Federalism in America, 2002.
The inter-governmental relationship between the various levels of government and the Federal system in America and its need for improvement.
1,815 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper discuss the role of inter-governmental relations between the Federal, State and Local governments and various issues that impact this working relationship. Among the areas that are discussed are: How inter-governmental programs should be implemented and the economics of scale and shared services. It further analyzes different theories and models of federalism, how these structures can be established and the role that each level of government should play during this process. While the goal is to give each level of government its own power, the objective here is to develop a system so that services can be best delivered to the citizens.
From the Paper
"The state of intergovernmental relations can be identified in many ways. Historically, dual federalism is the theory that best defines the American system of government. The writers of the Constitution wanted a system of government with shared powers between the states and the federal government. Each level has their own independent authority. While this theory best identifies our system of government, overtime other theories have developed, responding to the economic and social problems that have developed (Knudson, 2003).
Today the federal, state and local levels find themselves in dispute as to who should be paying for and implementing certain programs. The states and local levels believe that they can do a better job of implementing domestic programs because they are closer to the problem then the federal government. A standard national program may not be able to meet the needs of every state. This model called the State- Centered Federalism whereby the states make the decisions, with the federal government there on a minimal basis, to provide the resources. The state government is more responsive, because they can best understand their own needs (Mc Guire, 2001).
This model can be seen in the new Welfare Reform Plan. Whereas under the old welfare system the national government established the welfare policy and the states had little discretion to tailor it towards their individual needs. These objectives and rules sent to the states from Washington DC may not have helped because money was being spent in areas that did not need it. At the same time other, urgent aspects of a states welfare needs were being overlooked by Washington (New, 2002)."
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Is Governmental Transparency Vital to a Democracy?, 2008.
This paper summarizes and critiques the New York Times editorial called the "White House Shell Game," while also speaking generally on the topic of governmental transparency.
821 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at a New York Times editorial called the "White House Shell Game," which stresses the importance of transparent government. Specifically, the paper discusses why governmental transparency is important to any democracy and whether or not the editorial presents a persuasive argument for a more open style of governance from the Bush Administration. The paper also briefly summarizes the thesis of the editorial, its analysis of the problem, and its aim. In the end, the author asserts that governmental transparency is important - but the editorial's argument would have been more compelling if it was not so clearly motivated by political calculations.
From the Paper
"Consequently, the New York Times is right to chastise the Bush Administration for trying to avoid the (potential) censure of the public by trying to limit, to the fullest extent possible, the scope of the Freedom of Information Act. The problem with the Times editorial, unfortunately, is that there is a disagreeable amount of political partisanship involved: after all, the Clinton White House was notoriously secretive as well - that Administration was wracked by fund-raising scandals, the specters of Whitewater and Travelgate and other problems that were kept tightly under wraps - and no one can recall the New York Times aggressively challenging the commitment of President Clinton's team to open and transparent government."
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Non Governmental Organizations, 2007.
This paper explores the role of Non Governmental Organizations in the global war on poverty.
3,599 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 145.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the strengths and weaknesses of Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and discusses the need for a reevaluation of their political, economic and social abilities. The paper explains that as a result of the NGOs being closer to the poor and therefore more capable of serving them, they are also potentially farther from the resources that fund them and the government agencies that create policies to help with such causes. The paper maintains that the need to bridge this gap is paramount to their future abilities.
Outline:
Introduction
NGO Strengths and Weaknesses
Government Support of NGOs
The Future of the NGO
From the Paper
"Non Governmental Organizations have been an important part in the global war on poverty since before the movement to eradicate poverty was called a war on poverty. Though government organizations, beginning with Roosevelt have played a crucial role in assistance and aide to individuals, groups and nations in an attempt to assist those in need, they are frequently not the agencies that do the very personal groundwork that is often required to elicit progress in development. (Kamat 2003: 65) NGOs, sometimes called civil society organizations or CSOs or community based organizations, CBOs depending on structure and focus, tend to be those agencies that actually provide resources and individuals directly to the people who need them, be it education and medical personnel and equipment, employment training, infrastructure development or even clean water and sustainable agricultural training procedures and equipment."
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Non-Governmental Organizations, 2004.
Research and analytical paper on a non-governmental organization's aid to Pakistan.
3,020 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 127.95
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Abstract
This is a research paper designed to determine the possible prospects of a non-governmental organization's ability to utilize its funds in Pakistan to help the country ameliorate its literacy rate. As part of the research, this paper also looks at potential problems and threats an NGO might encounter and their respective solutions. The paper concludes with an evaluation and opinion regarding the feasibility of establishing an NGO devoted to increasing literacy in Pakistan.
From the Paper
"The prospects for running a non-governmental organization are many. This is evident from the current status of education in Pakistan as explained and reviewed by some of the most credible international research agencies. As Oxfam International study reveals the appalling state of education in Pakistan in the following words, ?while the proportion of children not attending school in South Asia to the global total will fall by half by the year 2005, Pakistan will account for an increasingly larger share of children that are not attending school. In fact, the study warns that by 2005 Pakistan will account for 40 percent of the region's children out of school, compared to 27 percent in 1995? (State of Education in Pakistan, CARE). Reasons for extremely slow rate of literacy in Pakistan is attributed to innumerable factors."
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Governmental Acquisition, 2005.
This paper discusses the methods by which governmental acquisitions are made, especially Air Force's ABC method.
2,345 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that it is important for organizations, which deal with governmental acquisitions, to understand why the government does various things and what the organization must do; this will help them not only to comply with many of the financial management and regulations laws but also helps manage costs. The author points out the need to define outputs, to develop systems, to identify customers and to trace and to collect the costs of the various resources. The paper relates that the Air Force's ABC method looks at the various costs such as supplies, labor, travel funds and many other issues and calculates the costs of each of the outputs, the services and products that are created.
From the Paper
"Taking a governmental acquisition organization and utilizing an activity based management system is not something to be taken lightly. There is a great deal of effort involved in creating a system that will provide cost data that is reliable and even then the system does not have much value for the work that was put into it if it is not utilized to manage the resources that an organization has. Even after many processes have been improved and all of the serious difficulties have been addressed and worked out, management must utilize the system. If they choose to stop using it both performance and cost will likely suffer because systems such as this activity based management system need to continually be utilized by management in order to keep them working at the most efficient level."
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America's Understanding of the Governmental Process, 2004.
Discussion of the influence that the media has on voters and how they think about issues and candidates.
2,618 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 16 sources, MLA, AU$ 113.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the impact that the media has on America's understanding of the governmental process. It addresses the questions of how the media should cover political issues and candidates and how media coverage can influence voter opinion.
From the Paper
"Virtually everyone agrees that the media have a profound effect on the electorate's thinking. Given their enormous influence, however, it is remarkable how little has been said about what the media should cover in a properly functioning democracy. There are pundits of various types who bemoan both the lack of focus on the issues and the excessive attention paid to the "horse race," but no one has developed a rationale to explain why this state of affairs is wrong. Because of the media's enormous influence, it is worth asking how issue and candidate coverage should be balanced."
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Governmental Involvement in German and Italian Business, 2002.
This paper looks at the history of and recent changes in governmental involvement in the businesses of Germany and Italy.
1,182 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 58.95
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Abstract
The paper shows how companies in Germany and Italy, when evaluating an appropriate location for a prospective business in Europe, must weigh many factors, including the nature and extent of government intervention and influence on the economy and businesses. It outlines the factors a company must consider before attempting to open a business in one of these two countries.
From the Paper
"The crisis of the European Monetary System in 1992 put Italian economic stability at risk and caused the Lira to depreciate 22%. Three priorities were set by the government to control the exploding national debt; low inflation, decreasing interest rates, and budget deficit reduction. Labor and industry came to agreements on contracts and wage increases in mid-1992, making them predictable but high under highly protective legislation creating a situation in which it?s difficult to terminate an employee."
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Governmental Philosophy, 2002.
A comparison of the governmental philosophy of John Stuart Mill to that of Ayn Rand.
1,328 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper asserts that the govenmental ideal of capitalism from the philosophy of John Stuart Mill upon which the United States is based closely parallels the modern controversial assertions of Objectivist ethics and Ayn Rand. The paper Uses evidence from "On Liberty" and "Virtue of Selfishness" to suggest that the ideals of Objectivism were evident in Mill's philosophy a century before Objectivism was a complete thought.
From the Paper
"The two texts also parallel on their references to the exchange of ideas and interpersonal relationships between individuals. In Selfishness, Rand asserts that ?The principle of trade is the only rational ethical principle for all human relationships, personal and social, private and public, spiritual and material (Rand, 29),? meaning that one cannot, first of all, give of oneself unselfishly, expecting nothing in return, and second, only take what we can from others, not giving anything in return. The ideal man she describes is a trader; one who exchanges his expertise for things that he lacks, and vice versa."
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Comparative Governmental Systems: Ancient and Modern, 2004.
Shows how modern democratic thought originated from Ancient Greece and Rome.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 83.95
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Abstract
Some of the key features of both ?democracy? and the American Constitution have their origins in ancient history. If one looks at Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, and India, we may discover traces of democratic thought that precipitated the rise of each of those lands and peoples. The paper shows, however, that many of the critical threads of Western political thought can be directly catalyzed by the very birth of Western society in the classical civilizations of Ancient Greece and Rome. The paper traces concepts of democracy and citizenship from ancient times and shows how they affected modern forms of government, in particular, the American Constitution and Britain's Houses of Lords and Commons.
From the Paper
"In effect, this republic-representative democracy was therefore established in which the people chose representatives to run the state for them. The Roman Republic was a government headed by elected leaders, yet real power was held by the Senate, which represented the upper class, and two consuls, who served as heads of state. If we
examine Ancient Roman society even further, we can identify origins of the United States Constitution: the Bill of Rights. For instance, the rights of all citizens were protected by a code of laws known as the Twelve Tables of Law."
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Governmental Involvement in Public Utilities, 2002.
This paper looks at the government role in various public utilities, in the development of communication systems and in developing and monitoring energy sources.
1,098 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 55.95
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Abstract
The climate today favors deregulation and privatization as a way to address the twin and related issues of conservation and increased production of energy in the future. The writer discusses the ways in which the government has been involved in the arena of public utilities. The paper cites of examples of aspects that are being privatized and the impact of this move on the economy.
From the Paper
"Government regulation of the infrastructure may impinge on real and perceived economic freedoms and opportunities. The problems facing governments in the world today involve more than this sort of regulation. The solutions tried in the 1970s also involved the even more difficult task of changing behavior, of getting people to use energy in a different way, to use less energy, to shift their economic priorities, and to make do with less. Such regulation is regulation of the commons, that which is accessible to and responsive to all. Hardin notes the conflict involved in the idea of the commons. On the one hand, in a country such as the United States especially, freedom is highly prized and promoted. Each person would like to be able to in effect do what he or she wants, develop economically as they please, spend as they please. Hardin describes the common in terms of a pasture land that is open to all."
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Governmental Wiretapping, 2006.
A discussion regarding the use of wiretapping by the US government, even though it has been deemed illegal.
1,445 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the important questions of law that come into play when the topic of wiretapping is considered, even when it's the government doing the tapping. The paper further discusses how there are both federal and state statutes that govern the use of electronic recording equipment that make wiretapping of a conversation that the person is not a party to and without the consent of the parties involved, typically illegal. However, as a matter of national security, this is just what the United States government does each and every day. The paper reviews this issue and whether or not the government is justified in what, at first glance, appears to infringe on citizens' rights to privacy.
Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Wiretapping Overview
Wiretapping: A Historical Perspective
The NSA and Wiretapping
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Whether right or wrong, there is one thing for certain, wiretapping, by the government, has occurred for more than a century. Abraham Lincoln eavesdropped on telegraph conversations, during the American Civil War. Robert F. Kennedy used wiretapping to monitor the activity of Martin Luther King, Jr. Clinton's wiretapping led to the capture of Aldrich Ames, a former Soviet spy. And, most recently, in December 2005, George W. Bush was accused of violating the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act and the US Constitution with wiretapping activities that his administration has insisted is necessary to keep America safe from terrorism ("Telephone tapping", 2006).
In 1928, Olmstead v. United States was argued in the Supreme Court and examined the question of whether or not the use of wiretapped phone conversations, obtained by federal agents, without judicial approval, was a violation of the defendant's Fourth and Fifth Amendment rights. The court ruled, in a 5-4 vote, that the defendant's rights were not violated ("Olmstead", 2006). However, nearly forty years later, this decision would be overturned."
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