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Manifest Destiny: the Backbone of America, 2007.
A discussion of the origins of the concept of Manifest Destiny and the influence it still holds today.
2,030 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the term Manifest Destiny, coined by John O'Sullivan in 1837 in his "The Great Nation of Futurity", which attempted to explain and justify American expansion and westward movement. The paper holds that Manifest Destiny was sown into the fabric of American history even before O'Sullivan came up with the term. It traces the idea back to similar views held by Samuel Danforth's election sermon of 1670, as well as to Andrew Jackson's Second Annual Message to Congress. The paper explains that men used a collection of rhetorical tools such as paternalism, veiled benevolence, analogous conditions, the God argument, metaphors and exceptionalism to appeal to white Anglo- Christians to push and fulfill America's Manifest Destiny. Lastly, the paper asserts that the meaning of the term has changed today. The paper concludes that the United States no longer uses Manifest Destiny to seek land, but rather to spread American influence around the world as an uninterrupted political authority.
From the Paper
"The Monroe Doctrine established the idea that the western hemisphere is hands off from European nations. The Monroe Doctrine and manifest destiny go hand to hand. The Monroe Doctrine came into being because of the threat to our security by Russian imperialist. It is believed that manifest destiny was to not only spread out to the West but also include modern day Canada, Mexico, Cuba and surrounding islands. The Monroe Doctrine sought to curb other nations, especially European powers desire to expand in the United States backyard. The purchase of Alaska was to stop Russian expansion in North America. Also, the United States wanted to provoke fear in Spain and France from expanding to Cuba and Latin America. The United States did not want any other country other than themselves to lay claim on this side of the globe. Beyond the Pacific Ocean shoreline with the U.S., manifest destiny set its eye on Hawaii. There was enormous "economic, political, and military power" of the United States that heavily influenced Hawaiian politics (Kagan 325). In 1893, the United States with the help of "light-skinned property owners" over threw the monarchy and Queen Liliuokalani (325-326)."
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"Manifest Destiny" and Industrialization, 2004.
A study of the influence of "Manifest Destiny" and industrialization on America and the rest of the world.
2,746 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the two most influential events that shaped American history and impacted a good portion of the globe were the advent of industrialization and the spread of "Manifest Destiny," especially in the late 18th century and throughout the years of the 19th century. It looks at how global industrialization or that associated with the rise, progression, and effect of industry on national governments and societies altered the face of many nations by eliminating the long-held system of agrarianism and replacing it with massive industrial growth. It also discusses how "Manifest Destiny", usually associated with American policy during the later years of the 19th century and well into the 20th century, allowed expansionism into many regions of the world through the idea that it was America's God-given right to possess and maintain all those societies that threatened American capitalism and its democratic systems.
From the Paper
"In the years prior to the Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt, two of the greatest social/political problems facing America and foreign nations were based on the continuing struggle between the poor and the wealthy classes and the existence of "Manifest Destiny," broadly defined as an ostensibly benevolent or necessary policy of imperialistic expansion. Domestically, America was burdened by a financial panic in the 1890's which upset the lives of the urban poor and made the wealthy even more prosperous. In the cities, people demanded democratic change in many areas, such as the twelve-hour work day, the dangerous conditions in American factories, the exploitation of immigrant laborers, corporate resistance to labor unions, political corruption in local and state governments, child labor laws, inadequate wages and most importantly the on-going concentration of wealth by such "Robber Barons" as J. P. Morgan and the Vanderbilts."
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Manifest Destiny, 2004.
An examination of the factors that influenced "Manifest Destiny" in the 1840s and 1850s.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at "Manifest Destiny" , a reference to the inevitable expansion of the territorial boundaries of the United States westward to the Pacific Ocean and beyond. It discusses how the concept of "Manifest Destiny" was frequently used by American expansionists to justify the U.S. annexation of Texas, Oregon, New Mexico, California, and later U.S. involvement in Alaska, Hawaii, and the Philippines. It provides an examination of the factors that influenced the expansion of the country westward during the 1840s and 1850s, followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
Outline
Introduction
Background and Overview
Immigration
Slavery
Improvements in Transportation
Innovations in Agriculture
Availability of Native American Land and Resources
California Gold Rush -- 1848
From the Paper
"In the 40 years before the Civil War, the rate of urban growth was not confined to the East, but it was the most dramatic there; in fact, by 1860, more than a third of the people living in the Northeast were urban residents, compared with only 14 percent of westerners and 7 percent of southerners. "Although the majority of northerners still lived on farms or in small farm towns, the region was clearly urbanizing" (Nash & Jeffrey 2001:335). As a result, tens of thousands of people headed North seeking work in major metropolitan areas in factories of all sizes. At this point, cities of all sizes grew. "The population of New York and Philadelphia doubled and tripled."
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Manifest Destiny, 2005.
This paper discusses Manifest Destiny, the belief that the United States had a mission, divinely-inspired, to expand itself and its system of government to the Western frontier.
940 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Manifest Destiny, which began with the New York journalist, John Louis O'Sullivan, in 1845, was held by the Democratic Republicans during the presidency of James Madison to provide a sense of mission to citizens by using the phrase to promote and justify territorial expansion across the North American continent. The author points out that another desire of the politicians and leaders was the acquisition of new lands because land represented potential wealth, income, freedom, and self-sufficiency. The paper stresses that, as the citizens of the United States spread westward, intense conflict developed with the Native Americans and with Mexicans in Texas; Manifest Destiny was one of the driving factors behind the Mexican-American War of 1846, which resulted in the loss of nearly half of Mexico's territory to the United States and the long-term destabilization of that country.
From the Paper
"Because of economic difficulties in the United States in the 1840s, many young settlers started leaving America for the Oregon Territory. The journey was rough and difficult. Most of the people walked the 2000-mile journey. Only the pregnant women, the sick, and the elderly were allowed to ride in the wagons. There were many fights with the Native Americans along the route and the possession of land caused them to continue fighting once they arrived. During the westward expansion, the Native Americans were greatly affected and were in a constant struggle for survival. They competed with frontiersmen for the fur trade, for land with settlers moving to Oregon, and with the Mexicans farming in Texas. New settlers were encroaching on their native lands constantly and their way of life was being challenged."
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Manifest Destiny and the Westward Migration of the 1840s, 2003.
An examination of the life of the American settlers in the early 1800s who followed the belief of the Manifest Destiny, believing that the exploration and conquest of the rest of the country was their divine right as American people.
2,415 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the life of the settlers during this period who believed that it was their God-given right to settle America. It looks at how this attitude affected relationships with the Native Americans and the rest of the people living in the country at the time. It also examines the hardships they encountered and a glimpse at the life they lead.
Introduction
Effects of Manifest Destiny
Annihilation of the Buffalo
Settlers and Native Americans
Moral Considerations
Religion and the Puritans
Alternatives for Change
Native Americans and Their Land
Personal Beliefs
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There were both positive and negative effects of manifest destiny and the move westward. On the positive side, many of the ideals of the east were brought out to the west. Some of these included government, religion, culture, and democracy. These were good things that the settlers brought with them, and they became very important in founding colonies, cities, and towns in the west. Having more land also gave the United States more trading power with countries such as Asia, and the manufacturing that developed in the west made America more efficient and self-reliant. The settlers could obtain or make many goods that had previously been obtained only by trade with other countries (Manifest Destiny, 2003)."
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The Manifest Destiny, 2001.
This paper is an historical description of the period between 1776 and 1846, the Manifest Destiny in the United States.
755 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper carefully details the events that led up to the Manifest Destiny as well as the events proceeding it. It states facts by chronological order and commentary on the events of that time. It explains how that period in the United States was a period of Westward Expansion, when the United States expanded and gained independence from Great Britain.
From the Paper
"On July 4, 1776, thirteen British colonies on the east coast of North America announced their independence from Great Britain. Those colonies included Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island. Vermont joined the rebellion in 1777."
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Manifest Destiny, 2002.
An argument that the term Manifest Destiny coined by President Polk was nothing other than a form of imperialism.
1,564 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how "manifest destiny" was a term coined by President Polk to disguise his intentions of getting as much territory as he could. The author feels that President Polk goaded Mexico into a war that easily could have been avoided as the Americans saw that it was their right and necessity to keep expanding westward into Mexico's land and Spanish territory. This paper examines the events of the 1840s, when U.S. President James Polk wanted to purchase Mexican territories of California and New Mexico for annexing them to America. It shows that upon Mexico's refusal to sell that piece of land, the United States invaded Mexico, defeated it and forcibly occupied about half of the Mexican territory. The war, which started in 1846, ended with the defeat of Mexico and signing of a treaty at Guadeloupe Hidalgo in 1848. The paper shows how, according to the treaty, Mexico had to hand over Texas, New Mexico and California, thus being deprived of about one half of its own territory and a vast treasure of land and natural resources.
From the Paper
"Looking back we see that the American greed for land did not subside with the conquest of Mexico. With the discovery of gold in and around California, Americans began to migrate [referred to as the Gold Rush in history], towards California. To speed up the migration process, the need of railroads was identified. President Franklin Pierce dispatched James Gadsden to Mexico to strike a deal for the purchase of those lands, which lay south of Gila River between the borders of the two nations. Because Mexico had still not overcome the effects of their defeat of 1848 and because the government there was in absolute need of money, it agreed to the sale of a huge triangle of land across southern Arizona and New Mexico at a total cost of $10 million. In history this deal is known as Gasden Purchase."
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Manifest Destiny, 2002.
The concept of manifest destiny explained.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 28.95
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Abstract
This is a paper that presents the concept of manifest destiny as applicable to the new world and the justifications of its imperialistic actions.
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The Massachusetts Bay Colony and Manifest Destiny, 2008.
This paper compares and contrasts Winthrop's Massachusetts Bay Colony migration with O'Sullivan's "manifest destiny" excursion two decades later.
1,333 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the similarities between the Puritans' seventeenth-century incursions into New England and the expansions of the nineteenth century. The paper argues that John Winthrop's experiences in reigning in the fanatical elements of his Massachusetts Bay Colony anticipated the state's dilemma in doing the same two centuries later. The paper looks at the similarities between the religious rhetoric of both westward migrations and discusses the state's ability, in both cases, to temper the dangerous emotions of overzealous adventurers.
From the Paper
"Although John Winthrop's first meeting with the members of the Massachusetts Bay Colony preceded John L. O'Sullivan's coinage of the term "manifest destiny" by two centuries, a clear thread connects the two events. The theme of westward expansion has accompanied U.S. history since England's disgruntled puritans first hatched the idea of a New World utopia, and it would not be an exaggeration to write that it was the Puritans, rather than Andrew Jackson or other nineteenth-century champions of westward expansion, who gave birth to what would later be called "manifest destiny." In fact, there are many striking similarities between the two westward movements--that is, between the Puritans' seventeenth-century incursions into New England and the expansions of the nineteenth century."
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Manifest Destiny, 2005.
Explores the US government's policy of territorial expansion during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.
1,086 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 39.95
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Abstract
The most divisive issue in American politics during the late 18th-early 19th century was the idea of Manifest Destiny, or territorial expansion. Manifest Destiny was the idea that God had ordained that the American people spread from sea to shining sea, starting by annexing Texas or Oregon, or both. This paper examines the political views of this time pertaining to the policy and the events surrounding the annexation of territories.
From the Paper
"The first Texas provisional government was formed at San Felipe de Austin on November 7, 1835. This counsel passed a declaration of support for the 1824 Mexican constitution, and appointed a governor and other officials. This counsel stopped short of declaring Texas independence. The first declaration of independence for modern Texas, by both Anglo-Texan settlers and local Tejanos, was signed in Goliad on December 20, 1835. The Declaration of Independence was enacted at Washington-on-the-Brazos on March 2, 1836, effectively creating the Republic of Texas."
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The Communist Manifest Destiny, 2004.
An analysis of the social message in Karl Marx's "The Communist Manifesto".
1,667 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 58.95
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Abstract
In the "Communist Manifesto", Marx makes a number of sweeping claims about nature of the history of the world and its implications for his future. The writer points out that Marx speaks of the way that one system of oppression gives way to another and suggests that, eventually, the weight of the system will bring it crashing down, only to yield to a world where the majority, as represented by the state, has ultimate control and ownership of the means of production. The paper also indicates that, within the situation as it existed in Marx's current day, one can see how he was justified in making the predictions he did.
From the Paper
"Indeed, if society had progressed as he expected, and the economic conditions he predicted been achieved, it does seem likely that a revolution of some sort could not have been avoided. However, as of the current moment that condition has not been achieved, and it appears that many nations of the world (such as those in Europe) may have found compromises between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat that will allow both to survive so long as the equilibrium is kept. In countries like America, though, or like the many developing nations where capitalism is in much the same situation as it was in Marx's time, such revolutions may still appear to be quietly brewing. Should the economic conditions he envisions, of a time of overproduction so final that the system grinds to a halt, ever truly be achieved, he is surely right that a revolution would be forthcoming. Whether that revolution would follow communist ideals and lead to a strong socialist state may be up for debate, but the class-nature of its violence and its conflict are certain obvious."
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Yoruba Destiny, 2005.
Examines ideas of destiny and determinism in Nigeria's Yoruba culture.
883 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 33.95
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Abstract
In his essay "Toward a Theory of Destiny," philosopher Segun Gbadegesin points out several inconsistencies in the Yoruba culture's traditional notion of destiny, but seems to conclude that the notion is not irrational. This paper examines Gbadegesin's account of destiny in the religious tradition of Nigeria's Yoruba culture and explores some philosophical problems with this notion of destiny.
From the Paper
"Upon closer examination, the connection between destiny and personality is much more complex than a simple "destiny equals personality" claim. It is not as if a person's temperament is contained in his or her destiny, rather, if one does, in fact, have a destiny, then he or she must live out that destiny in order to form a personal identity through experience. So, even if the earthbound Yoruba was given a destiny first and then was asked to choose his or her body, there would still be no personal preference on which to base the choice."
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Yoruba Destiny, 2006.
An examination of the philosophical inconsistencies in the Yoruba culture's traditional conception of destiny.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, AU$ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper is based on the essay "Toward a Theory of Destiny" by Howard University professor Segun Gbadegesin, which points out several inconsistencies in the Yoruba culture's traditional notion of destiny. While Gbadegesin seems to conclude that the notion is not irrational, the author of this paper maintains that a deeper look at the concept is necessary before reaching that conclusion.
From the Paper
"Another problem Gbadegesin addresses is that the choice is an illusion to begin with. If a choice has to be made, and if it is impossible to gauge any distinctions in quality between the options of choice, then the choice is illusory. However, if one subscribes to the notion of destiny, this fact is not all that problematic, for all choices made throughout a predestined life are illusory."
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Control and Destiny in Literature, 2006.
Examines issues of destiny and decisions in works by Albert Camus and James Baldwin.
996 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 37.95
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Abstract
How much control, if any, does a person have over his/her destiny? Does fate already hold the answers, or is someone faced with decisions that will result in other choices? What happens when one has to make a decision? Is it necessary to follow through, or can it be ignored? The paper explores these questions and others that are faced by the characters in the stories "Sonny's Blues" by James Baldwin and "The Guest" by Albert Camus.
From the Paper
"Balducci, a soldier who Daru knows, approaches with an Arab prisoner. Balducci's government papers give custody of the prisoner to Daru, who must now take him to the French colonial jail in Tinguit. Personally upset, Daru wishes to refuse. He does not want to become involved in this situation. Balducci likewise does not want to be in the lawmaker role. "You don't get used to putting a rope on a man even after years of it, and you're even ashamed-yes, ashamed" (95). Balducci, in fact, is shirking his responsibility for decision making by passing the buck on to Daru."
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Fate and Destiny, 2004.
An examination of the issues of fate and destiny in Sophocles's play, "Oedipus the King".
1,658 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper explores how the questions of fate and destiny are handled by the characters in "Oedipus the King". It also explains that "Oedipus" digs deeply into the moral and ethical nature of its characters and unearths more questions than it answers.
From the Paper
"The ideas of fate and destiny were a consuming topic for the Greeks. Their pantheistic understanding of heaven included gods who toyed with humans for their own covert pleasures. The Greeks built a society which sought to understand the nature of men. Were men free, or did the god's ultimately hold their finger on the pulse of the universe, directing even the most insignificant actions according to some unseen plan? Socrates, Aristotle, Plato . . . each of these men wrestled with finding a purpose in the randomness of life. Through the concentric events of Oedipus the King, Sophocles created his own understanding regarding the subject of fate. Although free, Sophocles believed that we were not ultimately the masters of our own ships."
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The Obligation of Eternal Destiny, 2006.
A review of Simone Weil and Georg Hegel's views of collective conscience and eternal destiny.
1,559 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews, discusses and compares the philosophical thoughts of Simone Weil and Georg Hegel pertaining to collective conscience or the absolute spirit. The paper defines this to be where nothing need be questioned as it is the absolute truth, that we as individuals seek to determine our destiny.
From the Paper
"Yet, the problem of this philosophical line, whether you believe as Weil that all men have always and will always have the eternal destiny to make sure that no one ever leaves their presence hungry or that of Hegel where seeking the eternal destiny is the work of t he collective culminating into the possibility of the individual to attain it through Christianity and philosophy, is that the collective (e.g. corporation, state) needs a eternal destiny and a collective conscience in order not to destroy the world. Though Weil may have simply been speaking out against socialism, (Bennett 42) Hegel also clearly states that the individuals are the seat of the absolute and individuals alone must find their connection to the absolute spirit and the collective conscience, that it will not be given them without work, without seeking and most importantly without Art, History and Philosophy. The charge against collective dominance, or the corporation's ability to circumvent the obligations of the individual is almost universal in philosophy, even when that is the goal, as in communism. Some would say that is the failing of communism but others would also argue that it will be the failure of the state and the corporation as well because both have the intention of circumventing the individual's responsibility to the collective, a broader collective than that of the corporation."
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