| Papers [1-16] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "MANDATORY RETIREMENT": |
|
|
Mandatory Retirement at 65, 2005.
A discussion on issues concerning mandatory retirement at 65 in Canada.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 47.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The ending the inclusion of mandatory retirement provisions in employment contracts has achieved public prominence in Canada. This paper examines the issue from a law and economics perspective addressing not only the legal history of the issue but also the question of the efficiency of mandatory retirement in terms of economic theory.
| |
|
Mandatory Retirement, 2002.
An examination of a Supreme Court decision regarding retirement age in Canada.
3,400 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 133.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper is an in-depth analysis of the Canadian legal system with respect to a Supreme Court decision regarding retirement age. The author of this essay evaluates the court's decision and analyses the impact of this decision with reference to legal as well as social implications. The specific case being reviewed here, McKinney vs. University of Guelph is assessed and considered with regards to discrimination and legislation.
| |
|
Airline Pilots and Retirement, 2005.
A discussion of the issue of commercial airline pilots and mandatory retirement.
3,078 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 96.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines how the aviation industry forces its pilots to retire at a certain age because of the belief that older pilots will be less able to do the job well. This paper investigates the validity of these claims. The writer asks the following questions: Are commercial airline pilots really a special case? Are these highly trained professionals really so afflicted with issues of ill health and poor performance as they enter their "golden years?" If this is so, then there must be facts and figures to support the case. If not, then we are dealing simply with a matter of a prejudice that must be combated.
Outline
Introduction
Literature Review
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The commercial aviation industry's current mandatory retirement age of sixty is based directly on FAA regulations. The FAA, like so many other government agencies, has as its primary purpose ensuring the safety and well-being of the general public. Its regulations are supposed to be based on clear, scientific evidence. If the FAA says it is not allowed, then one can assume that there is sufficient data to support the position that such and such an action would be dangerous. Yet in the case of the mandatory retirement requirement, the situation is not so simple. In fact it may even be said, that the current regulation, which was promulgated in 1959, was the result not of careful scientific inquiry, but of corporate pressure."
| |
|
Age Discrimination, 2007.
An analysis of the Ontario Human Rights Commission's paper, "A Time For Action", which claims that mandatory retirement is age discrimination.
715 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 27.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines the Ontario Human Rights Commission's article, "A Time For Action," which argues against mandatory retirement. The paper agrees that mandatory retirement is probably not the real answer to dealing with generational economic disparity in that it creates another set of injustices. At the same time, the paper claims that the article fails to adequately and objectively address the more complex issues surrounding mandatory retirement, such as the economic disconnect between baby boomers and every generation thereafter.
From the Paper
"After being introduced in tones that lend more to emotion, the paper develops on the fact that discrimination based on age, as opposed to an individual's ability, is what it calls "unequal treatment," which can mean a lot of things in bureaucratese ("A Time For Action." 32). In terms of this paper's premise, it means that people should not be fired for simply reaching their 65th birthday, and that is an excellent point. But what is clear from the outset is that pre-boomer generations, who are being kept out or kept down in the workforce, will rate for precious little mention in determining the right thing to do, so far as this paper is concerned."
| |
|
Financial Planning for Retirement, 2004.
An analysis of the necessary financial planning for retirement.
2,219 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 73.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper describes retirement planning as an ongoing process that a person needs to keep up with if goals are to be met. The paper contends that for those at or near retirement age, the planning process goes from accumulation of wealth to making the right decisions about assets. While one will still continue to accumulate money from investments, one will also be looking at using that money for day-to-day living expenses. The paper explains that the right choices are imperative in order to have the retirement lifestyle one desires.
Table of Contents
Early Financial Planning for Retirement
Financial Planning for Retirement: The 30s
Financial Planning for Retirement in Middle Life
Financial Planning for Retirement in the Later Years
Financial Resources for Retirement Planning
Social Security
Pension and Profit-Sharing Plans
Other Retirement Accounts
Other Resources
Retirement Strategies
Summary
References
From the Paper
"Credit card debt should also be evaluated when one is in their 20's. Many credit cards have interest rates of 20% or higher. Over time, a concerted effort should be made to lower balances on these cards. Continuing to maintain high balances and high interest rates delays
putting money aside for retirement. Financial goals should be shared with one's partner. It is of critical importance that each person is involved in the planning and agree on what type of lifestyle he or she wishes. Once the goals are mutually agreed on, both parties should be involved in carrying out the financial strategies necessary to achieve those goals. Each person should know and understand which investments to have and why. This is a critical period to educate oneself about how to handle finances."
| |
|
Women and Retirement, 2002.
Examines the growing fiscal health problem many women face upon retirement.
3,775 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 13 sources, MLA, AU$ 110.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
Recent reports highlight how the gender gap in wages affects women's retirement as well. According to a report from the Women's Institute for a Secure Retirement (WISER), older women are twice as likely as men to be poor after retiring. Compared to their male counterparts, older women have to make do with less Social Security benefits, fewer and smaller pensions and less individual savings. This paper examines the growing fiscal health problem many women face upon retirement. Instead of having a nest egg to live upon, many women face the real possibility of poverty, even after retiring from a lifetime of hard work.
The first part of the paper presents a general picture of the fiscal resources available to and problems faced by women upon their retirement. In addition to this general picture, the paper pays special attention to the problems faced by minorities like Hispanic and African-American women. The next part of the paper looks at the factors behind these problems, such as divorce, widowhood and women's care- giving duties. The main factor behind many women's inability to save for retirement, however, remains the gender gap that continues to plague much of the working world. The third part of the paper thus explores the effects of gender on the pay scales of men and women across disparate fields, from academia to management to blue-collar operations. It also looks at how these unequal pay scales continue, despite legislation that mandates equity in pay. The fourth part of the paper examines the link between the gender gap in wages to the phenomenon of women's poverty upon retirement. It shows how pay inequity means that women work more, earn less and as a result, often have less money for their retirement. Finally, the paper looks at the steps women can take to address these issues and prepare for their retirement.
From the Paper
"In a study of wage differentials across the service professions, Margaret Gibelman found that the median salary for both sexes is higher in service occupations that are predominantly male, such as construction and surveying. Conversely, the mean wages for both sexes is significantly lower in occupations where women comprise more than 75 percent of the workforce, such as nursing and receptionists (Gibelman). Gibelman's study implies that women suffer from two forms of discrimination in the service and sales industries. First is discrimination on an individual level, where women get paid less than their male counterparts for the same work. Second, there is a marked discrimination against occupations that have a large female employee base and could therefore be labeled as "women's occupations." It is difficult to make comparisons between occupations like cashiers, 90 percent of whom are women, and janitors, 70 percent of whom are men. However, the fact remains that even male-dominated professions that utilize unskilled labor generally still command higher median incomes."
| |
|
Retirement Plans, 2002.
An in-depth look at three types of retirement plans to see which provides a person with better coverage in later years.
12,194 words (approx. 48.8 pages), 14 sources, APA, AU$ 250.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
Almost one-third of American workers are failing to prepare themselves for a comfortable retirement, according to a new survey conducted by American Express. Lack of knowledge and expertise causes many Americans to make poor choices regarding their retirement options.
The paper shows that saving for retirement is a major challenge for millions of Americans today. With an abundance of retirement options, including tax-deferred retirement plans, 401(k)s and IRAs, investors are often confused about which option will make the most of their savings dollars. This paper provides a review of the fundamental of these powerful retirement options in an effort to provide future retirees with the information needed to start investing in their futures. The study examines three major retirement options-Social Security, 401 (k) plans and IRA Accounts-in an effort to determine whether one type of option is superior over another. This research is based on existing literature, collected from a variety of sources, as well as empirical research derived from the opinions of financial professionals. Basically, this paper reveals whether or not there is a single best retirement option or if different people require different types of investment.
The paper includes tables, graphs and illustrations.
Table of Contents
Chapter One-Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Scope of the Study
Rationale of the Study
Definition of Terms
Overview of the Study
Chapter Two-Literature Review
Introduction
All About Social Security
About 401 (k) Plans
How a 401(k) Plan Works
About 401(k) Plans
Advantages of 401 (k) Plans
Maximizing the Potential of a 401 (k) Plan
About IRAs
The Benefits of an IRA
IRAs in a Nutshell
The Traditional IRA
The Roth IRA
Chapter Three-Methodology
Approach to Study
Data Gathering Method
Database of Study
Validity of Data
Originality and Limitations of Study
Chapter Four-Data Analysis
Chapter Five-Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Because Social Security provides benefits to millions of Americans, it is often perceived as a like a simple retirement savings account (National Center for Policy Analysis, 2003). Many believe that if they simply contribute through payroll deductions, they will get that money back at retirement. However, Social Security is a complex social program rather than a retirement plan. By design, Social Security involves massive subsidies from retirees, from single workers to married couples, from two-earner couples to one-earner couples, from high-income earners to low, and from those who die early to those who die late."
| |
|
Early Retirement, 2007.
An argument for the reduction in retirement age for the general population.
2,194 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 73.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper contends that retirement should be mandatory and it should take place between the ages of 55 and 57. The paper discusses the benefits involved, including opportunities for volunteer work, more freedom and lower healthcare expenses for employers. The paper notes the concern that without a sufficient pension, retirees will become a burden on the state. The paper concludes that an earlier retirement age should be the way companies work since they would save a lot of money. This would allow them to look after the newer generation and future of the country while retirees use their experiences to help others.
Outline:
Introduction
Benefits
Opposition
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Society is always changing. It is not something that can ever be avoided, and in many ways this is a good thing. A society that is not willing to grow and change will simply stagnate instead of continuing to evolve into something that is even better than it was in the first place. Not all of society's changes are good or bad, however. Some changes are simply changes, and they must be accepted as such. One of these changes is the fact that the population of America is becoming older overall as people are living longer. Even though there are many people being born, there are large groups of baby boomers and others that are reaching retirement age. This has many implications for the future."
| |
|
Employee Retirement Income Security Act, 2006.
A report looking at the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, which was enacted in order to provide for employee benefits and pensions at the point of employee retirement in a federal program.
1,741 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 60.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This report looks at the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) in terms of what the benefits and drawbacks of the program are in the current political and economic environment, as well as making specific recommendations about what seems to be working as a result of ERISA and what may need to be changed in the act to make it more contemporary. The report also looks at a rationale for change in the context of ERISA and related programs, including both retirement pension programs and healthcare programs.
From the Paper
"Overall, ERISA in the existing literature seems to be more beneficial than derogatory for society and employees, although there are plenty of critics of the act in the existing literature including those who state that ERISA is unfair or that it has led to or contributed to, directly or indirectly, corporate abuses of power such as the relatively recent Enron scandal. Overall however the benefits of the program are also strong in the existing literature because it is essentially an act with an overriding positive message: protection for the worker. In part the act was created to guarantee that "The men and women of our labor force will have much more clearly defined rights to pension funds and greater assurances that retirement dollars will be there when they are needed."1 In many ways President Ford was prescient: many of ERISA's reforms have improved the retirement security of American workers, particularly in the areas of vesting,2 plan funding,3 and insurance protection for defined benefit plans" (Stein, 2002). These benefits show forward progress associated with the act because they give the worker greater independence and financial power by safeguarding the rights of the worker at retirement."
| |
|
An Elected Judiciary, 2008.
This paper explores the ethical issues involved in having elected versus unelected judiciaries and having a mandatory retirement age.
848 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 32.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper reviews the ethical advantages and disadvantages of the practice of electing justices to the Supreme Court of Virginia, or of any American state. The paper considers the argument most commonly put forward by opponents of elected judiciaries but maintains that this argument is not as strong as its supporters might wish. The paper also looks at the ethical benefits to be found in having mandatory retirement ages imposed upon all presiding justices.
From the Paper
"The distinguished career of Harry L. Carrico immediately brings to the forefront the issue of what ethical advantages may be found in having a mandatory retirement age in place for justices. Because Justice Carrico and his colleagues have all been elected to the Supreme Court of Virginia (after having been nominated by the Governor, of course) it may be said that their tenure is characterized by a democratic strain that is not to be found in other western democracies (such as Canada) where jurists are selected to appellate courts (most notably the Supreme Court of Canada) and do not have to go through the rigorous process of winning confirmation in both houses of a bicameral legislature. While the American (and Virginian) model may strike some foreigners as dangerously permissive (placing as it does great power in an elected body to determine the composition of a court when such a state of affairs can easily lead to politics being injected into the proceedings) it does have many advantages."
| |
|
Retirement Pensions, 2005.
This paper discusses the problem of the reduction or elimination of retirement pensions.
765 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 29.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that new laws permit corporations (1) to eliminate health insurance once promised to employees for early retirement and (2) to reduce retirement plans or change plans to the benefit of the corporation and (3) denies workers the right to sue the company to comply with retirement payments. The author points out that the pension deficits can be contributed to the fact that many corporations are overpaying CEOs' lump-sum pensions for years they did not work. The paper concludes that, if Congress does not write new laws in support of the American worker, almost all Americans will be living in poverty and working well into their golden years because of the broken promise and elimination of retirement plans.
From the Paper
"With the airline industry in peril, a few have eliminated the guaranteed pension plans in bankruptcy court and two have delayed pension contributions to cut costs. Delphi Corp., the largest US automaker, filed for bankruptcy protection on Oct. 8. They are trying to discontinue medical and life insurance benefits to its retirees. Pension funds for Delphi are $11 billion short. According to Harvard law professor, Elizabeth Warren, who specializes in bankruptcy "There's no business in America that isn't going to figure out a way to get rid of [these benefit promises]". Policies that once existed to allow Americans to live comfortably upon retirement have been eradicated by lawmakers. These same lawmakers are also encouraging companies to discard the lifetime-benefit agreements."
| |
|
Retirement, 2008.
This paper discusses planning for the factors that influence a successful retirement period of life.
1,455 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 51.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that retirement is the time in a person's life when they stop employment completely either by choice or due to health problems or physical conditions. The author points out the normal physical changes of increased age often are associated with retirement since they may occur simultaneously. The paper relates that, to become ready for these changes, people can stay active, eat healthy and avoid behaviors, such as smoking and drug use, which will cause their health to deteriorate. The author urges that people must plan for financing the retirement period with its change in income and expenses. The paper indicates that crime, especially consumer fraud and scams, is another factor, which worries many people of retirement age. The author suggests that a living will can state a person's wishes on sustaining life support or medical care if his or her health should fail.
From the Paper
"The average retired couple spends 35% of their income on housing, 25% on food, 9% on medical expenses, 9% on transportation, and the remaining amount on clothing, personal care, and other expenses such as gifts. To become better prepared for the future, people should start saving for retirement early and often. People also need to consider factors such as increased health costs, increased life expectancy, and keeping a tight budget, so they can have a comfortable retirement. To decrease future costs and ultimately save money, retirees should consolidate bills and look for discounts on things such as insurance when available."
| |
|
Retirement Planning, 2002.
A review of the options available for sound planning towards the retirement age.
1,868 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 63.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explores different strategies for developing a financial and retirement plan. The paper takes into account the realities of today's economy, worker career mobility and phased retirement. Tradeoffs between working longer before retirement, aggressive investing and the role real estate play in an investment portfolio will be highlighted.
Contents:
Financial Planning - Working Toward the Future
Retirement Planning
401(k)
Traditional IRAs
Simplified Employee Pension
Savings Incentive Match Plan
Portfolios Need Real Estate
From the Paper
"There are 76 million Americans who were born between the years 1946 and 1964, they are the so-called baby-boom generation. Fifty-five million Americans are age 55 and older, according to data from the U.S. Census Bureau. Within that number, there are 35 million who are 65 and older, and by 2030 that amount will double to 70 million. Surprisingly the fastest-growing segment of senior citizens is of those who are 85 years old or older."
| |
|
Retirement Plans and Government Policies in Hong Kong, 2001.
An analysis of retirement plans and government policies regarding funding and social welfare.
4,380 words (approx. 17.5 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 123.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
A discussion about government policies over retirement protection. The author examines the issues such as retirement funding, schemes, individual savings, investment and social welfare. The author focuses on retirement plan developments in Hong Kong.
From the Paper
"In Hong Kong, discussions about government policies over retirement protection have spanned a lengthy period of about 30 years. It was only until recently that the decision has been made to institute the Mandatory Provident Fund (MPF). However, in other countries, various schemes of retirement protection have been practiced over the past decades, with all kinds of experience that Hong Kong could beneficially refer to. Since retirement funds could be either fall into two categories 1. Pays-as-you-go/ 2. Fully-funded. They could either be managed by the government or the private sector. Yet, this is crucial to understand the pros and cons of these different kinds of schemes, and determine which is the most appropriate for Hong Kong. Furthermore, retirement protection is closely related to the issues of individual savings, investment, and social welfare. It affects the economic well being of all members of society, and also the performance of the economy as a whole. In this research paper, several comprehensive views and findings would be addressed, and some discussions on the impacts of MPF after the Asian Financial Crisis would also be stated for conclusion. "
| |
|
Retirement Planning, 2004.
An analysis of the importance of financial planning for retirement.
1,567 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 54.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses the important issue of retirement planning. The paper claims that planning for retirement should begin as early as possible in life. It examines the necessity of setting goals and budgeting, as well as the crucial step of making investment choices. The paper acknowledges the difficulty in thinking ahead, but contends that the earlier the planning starts, the more comfortable the retirement will be.
From the Paper
"A comfortable retirement is a goal for most workers, but ensuring that comfort takes planning and foresight. Planning for retirement is much more complicated than opening a bank account or belonging to an employer-sponsored pension plan. While these are excellent beginnings, workers must plan for any and all events that can and will happen after retirement. Employees not only need to plan for retirement income, but they must also plan for the disposition of assets upon death. Employees need to decide where they will live after retirement, how tax matters with be handled, what insurance will be needed, and the list goes on. "
| |
|
Mandatory Health Insurance in Oregon, 2007.
An analysis of Oregon's proposed mandatory health insurance policy.
2,676 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 85.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines the effects of imposing mandatory health insurance laws on all citizens of the state of Oregon. The writer discusses the financial challenges such a law would impose on low income citizens and how these citizens, that lack the financial ability to pay for insurance, would, consequently, not be able to avoid violating a mandatory health insurance law. The paper concludes that even though the framers of mandatory health insurance do not seem to have placed much value in the potential impact of unforeseen unemployment and do not seem to have much regard for the guarantees provided under equal protection under the law, these factors are directly relevant and must be evaluated. This document appends some of the sources used in writing this paper.
Outline:
Impact/Effectiveness Analysis
Workability Analysis
Efficiency Analysis
From the Paper
"Oregon's proposed policy that would implement mandatory health insurance requires careful study and a three dimensions of feasibility analysis, primarily because several inherent provisions of this prospective law appear to be unworkable and unenforceable. A range of other potential problems exists, but a significant unforeseen problem is that criminalizing low income citizens for being unable to afford health insurance may be in conflict with the constitutional guarantee of equal protection under the law."
|
|
|
