| Papers [1-16] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "LITERATURE REVIEW HAZING SPORTS": |
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Literature Review of Hazing in Sports, 2002.
A paper which discusses the merits of "hazing" in the world of sport.
3,230 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 135.95
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Abstract
Hazing has been described as a humiliating act or initiation one must take part in in order to be accepted into a sports group or team. This paper shows how hazing is increasingly becoming problematic for society. Its supporters extol the virtues of the practice by focusing on its ability to build character and a strong bond between team veterans and rookies and opponents of the practice justifiably proclaim the practice's elements of barbarism and sadism. The paper compares the two perspectives regarding the merits of hazing. It discusses, too, the literature which has been written about this practice and examines the different points of view proffered by the many analysts on this particular subject. The author of the paper surmises that only in investigating the pros and cons of these initiation rites can we understand how entrenched this problem has become in the minds of the people who continue to conduct this barbaric practice.
From the Paper
"There has been a lot of literature in the past that has addressed the problem of hazing in athletics. Most of the research agrees that there is a consistency in the arguments for hazing. One popular opinion is that older team members haze younger team member potentials in order to assert their leadership. However, hazing does not have to be the vehicle to assert this authority. In fact, the most obvious method of displaying leadership is on the playing field as opposed to shaving a member's hair off. Another common argument for hazing is that it instils fear and respect in the hearts of younger members when interacting with their more esteemed and older teammates. However, isn't it more important to create a bond between teammates and instil that fear and awe in the opposing team? Also, respect should be earned, not demanded."
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Women's Sports Literature, 2005.
A study of the intersection of literature and women's sport experience.
3,941 words (approx. 15.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 155.95
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Abstract
This paper is a study about how sports in literature reflects a dominant male perspective and why women's experiences in sport should be included in the curriculum of schools.
From the Paper
"When I first read the call for papers about literature as a force for understanding or equipment for living, I recalled my own intersection with literature. For isn't the reader experience with text the initial sounding board? The ground zero for literature experience? And isn't our experience with literature a method of transference? So I couldn't help but wonder how influential my interpretation of what I read when I was young led to real life experiences, indeed life-altering experiences, as I grew up. Was I enacting my favorite characters or was I re-inventing myself, or is there a difference? Does what we read shape our vision of who we might become? If that is the case, then there is strong rationale for including sports stories about girls and women in school curriculum."
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Sports Science and Sports Medicine, 2004.
An overview of sports/exercise science and medicine, two fields that have only recently begun consolidating into distinct professions.
2,272 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 101.95
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Abstract
Sports has become a multi-billion-dollar business, and the ever-increasing competitiveness and challenges, both mental and physical, faced by the modern sportsperson has increased the need for a medical and scientific support system for athletes. This paper discusses two fields that have developed from this need: sports science and sports medicine. The paper shows that they are interrelated, the former being more of an investigative and experimental area, while the latter deals with the implementation of the knowledge and techniques developed by sports science.
From the Paper
"High quality sports performance depends largely on an individual?s movement pattern and is usually referred to as technique. Good technique not only produces an effective performance but also reduces the risk of injury. The effect of physical forces on the movement and on the size, shape and structure of the body is scientifically studied by biomechanists today in an attempt to help optimize athletic technique. (Stein, 2003) Through qualitative analysis via direct observation on film or video tape, a biomechanist will study an athlete?s performance with a view to diagnosing any problems which might be limiting sporting potential. In close consultation with the athlete?s coach, training patterns may be altered to incorporate elements which may help to rectify the problem."
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The Sociology of Sport: The Ideals of Sports as a Reflection of Society, 2002.
A paper which looks at what sports represents and what it communicates to society.
2,917 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 0 sources, APA, AU$ 125.95
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Abstract
Sports has become a central part of society, introduced to children at a young age and often continuing to be part of a person?s life throughout their lifetime. Sports impacts on people in a number of ways. The paper shows that in childhood, the focus of sports is often on participating, working with other people and aspiring to be the best one can be. Successful sports people also become heroes for children, something that continues into adulthood. The paper shows that as individuals grow older their focus may change from playing sports to watching sports. At the same time, sports people continue to be respected and viewed as heroes, the fact that successful sports people get paid millions in sponsorship money is evidence that they must have a major impact on consumers. Overall, this paper looks at what sports represents and the values it communicates to people.
From the Paper
"Sport is also closely related to a person?s life in society in a general way. In sport, people compete against each other to win. In a person?s working life the same thing occurs. A person works against others in the workplace to earn individual rewards and promotions. A person also works as part of the company team, to grow the company. The same occurs in schools where students works in competition with each other to receive awards. Students then work to get into college, with the best students winning the college place. This illustrates one of the main aspects central to sports, the competition factor inherent to sport. This also shows how this competition factor inherent in sports is also one inherent in life. This is another major reason why sport reflects society."
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?Literature; Ancient Greek Literature?, 2002.
A discussion of the relationship between ancient Greek burial and death rites and ancient Greek literature.
1,409 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses upon illustrating the relevance of the obvious emphasis and taboo regarding Greek burial or death rites as it is portrayed in a significant amount of ancient Greek literature. It examines how literature has long been a relevant source that historians as well as other scholars can turn to so as to glean at least a marginal understanding regarding the societal norms of the era or culture in particular.
Outline
Introduction
Generalities Regarding Ancient Greek Burial Rites
Relevance of Literary Illustrations Regarding Ancient Greek Perspectives on Death
Burial Rites Within Ancient Greek literature
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One of the first things that essentially needs to be taken into consideration is that, as a result of their significantly un-advanced and superstitiously primitive preconceptions and beliefs, that nearly all kinds of ancient literature is tinged, to some degree or another, with elements of the super natural or paranormal. The occult, witches, curses and ghosts, all are things that are mentioned, with varying degree of figurativeness and realism, within ancient British as well as Greek literature. Moreover, there appears to be a particular degree of emphasis upon the relevance and effectuality of such things as oaths and curses, especially in regard to the likes of such being implemented in concern to a particular person?s death or burial. This something that is quite strongly portrayed when Euripides? Hippolytus, the protagonist within the play, reasserts his confidence to his father in so much as taking an oath that in death may neither sea nor earth receive my flesh, if I have proved false (Lawson, 1964)."
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Sport Commissions and Amateur Sports.
An exploration of how the sports industry is a land of opportunity for sports commissions and the local communities that are trying to generate economic impact from sports.
3,688 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 148.95
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Abstract
This paper explores different avenues for small-scale sports tourism in the direction of amateur sports tournaments and how establishing a sport commission can help. It focuses on recreational sport tournaments for adults and youth by examining a case study dealing with the organization of a sports commission and the economic impact it that has resulted on the community. The reason for discussing sports tournaments is because they are fairly low-investment opportunities that small communities can explore, with large returns for the resources that are already present.
Outline
Introduction
Review of Literature
Case Study
Discussion and Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Green and Chalip (1998) help explain who is participating by exploring the motivations of the active sport tourist traveling to participate in their chosen sport by examining a women?s flag football tournament. The authors explain the increasing growth in active lifestyles and how it is not only the younger population, who are participating, but also the older segment is starting to stay more active. This trend is leading to more vacations that are based on or around sport. The paper presents the ideas that the active sport tourist does not only travel for the competition, but also to be able to identify with the subculture of their sport. As in the case of the women football players, they enjoy being able to socialize with people who share their same interests during social events sponsored by the tournament organizers. They travel as teams, and along with these teams comes family and friends, which in turn bring along more economic impact for the community hosting the event."
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African-American Boys and Sports, 2005.
A literature review on African-American boys and their socialization into youth sports.
3,938 words (approx. 15.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 155.95
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Abstract
This paper acknowledges how there are issues to be raised, considered and confronted concerning the socialization of young African-American boys into the world of sports. Is it a good idea, for example, when black parents vigorously encourage their child to excel in sports, in the hopes that the child will go on to a lucrative professional career? And, when young boys get involved heavily in sports activities, do they get into sports to the detriment of their scholastic careers? This paper reviews the literature that focuses on these issues.
Outline
Introduction
Literature Review
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Michael Lomax is an assistant professor in the sport management program at the University of Georgia; his research specialization is in "race and sport." Lomax, meanwhile, bases his published commentary on an article in the same issue of the journal, Society (Lomax, 2000) written by the highly respected sports sociologist Harry Edwards, and featured just above this paragraph. Edwards, according to Lomax, believes too many "black families have had a tendency to push their children toward sport career aspirations, often neglecting other important areas of personal and cultural development." Edwards, whom Lomax challenges on this issue, "contextualizes the environment under which black youths live," Lomax writes, in terms of pointing out that black youths are "institutionally, culturally, and interpersonally disconnected." "
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Ancient Roman Literature, 2008.
A discussion of the worth of Roman literature and a comparison of the meter and themes of Roman literature to Greek literature.
851 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the value of the works of the great Roman poets and prose authors. The paper specifically discusses how Roman literature and poetry is criticized because it lacks originality, being greatly indebted to the Greek texts. It describes the meter and themes of Roman literature and discusses how these, and even the mere details, are most of the times only imitations of the Greek writings.
From the Paper
"Thus, Roman art can be characterized by the lack of spontaneity and speculative power. The Romans were a logical and practical people, usually engaged in political affairs or warfare. The greatest conquerors of the antiquity, the Romans were also the greatest civilizing power. Their systematic and disciplined spirit laid the foundations of the Western civilization. As it is obvious from the lyric, dramatic and epical works of the Roman writers, they Roman people was certainly not inclined to philosophy as the Greeks had been. Indeed, the only writer who can be said to have contributed meaningfully to the realm of antique philosophy is the multidimensional Cicero, who is the only Roman methodological philosopher: "Philosophy was not a natural growth at Rome: indeed, it was regarded by the average Roman with definite mistrust, and we hear that philosophers were banished from the city in 161 B. C....The Roman, essentially a man of action engaged in the practical business of war or politics, was not given to pausing on his way to reflect deeply on the nature of the world or the ultimate meaning of human life."(Bailey, 183) The Romans were thus less preoccupied with the ultimate meaning of the universe and of life, as the Greeks were, but rather with the world of action and human behavior. Usually associated with imitation rather than creation, Roman art had nevertheless its own force precisely through its absolute conformity to classicism."
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Classical Marxist Theory and Literature, 2005.
This paper discusses the classical Marxist approach to literature, which views literature as essentially a social and cultural production.
8,870 words (approx. 35.5 pages), 85 sources, MLA, AU$ 267.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that in its classical sense, Marxist theory does not deal explicitly with literature and art and does not develop an aesthetic of culture or literature. However, the theoretical trajectory of Marxist thought has impacted radically on art and literature as aspects of societal and cultural discourse. The author points out that the concept of dialectic refers specifically to the methodology or method of analysis, which is peculiar to Marxist theory;. In this sense, literature and art, as cultural products, are analyzed in relation to their social and historical context. The paper analyzes specifically " Heart of Darkness" by Joseph Conrad, "A Passage to India" by E. M. Forster's and the writings of Charles Dickens and William Shakespeare.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Overview
Foundation of Marxist Theory and Literary Criticism
Marxism - Extrinsic and Intrinsic Approaches to Literature
The Premises of Marxist Criticism
Base and Superstructure
The Dialectic
Ideology and Alienation
Semiology and Psychoanalytic Theory.
Reader - Response Theories
A Marxist Critique of Literature
Analysis of the Echo in "A Passage to India": A dialectical reading
" Heart of Darkness" by Joseph Conrad
Dickens
Shakespeare
Conclusion
From the Paper
"From this perspective, literary works are essential structures of ideological formations. In other words, literature expresses and represents the ideals and aims of class formation that persist and maintain the society. "Literature is for Marxism a particular kind of signifying practice which tends to make up what can be termed an ideological formation". Therefore, Marxist critical perspectives will attempt to explain literature from within its social context and in relation to that particular historical time period. This in turn relates to basic strategies, such as the identification of class structures and class struggle within the literature of a certain historical period."
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Women in Traditionally Male-Oriented Sports: A Possibility, 2005.
A research paper that explores the possibility of women participating in male-oriented sports.
1,937 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 88.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this research paper is to determine whether or not women participating in traditionally male-oriented sports are likely to experience the same respect from both the media and the general public as women participating in other events. Specifically this study examines whether women have the potential to be treated equally when participating in male-oriented sports and whether they are as likely to succeed in men in the same venues. The researcher determines the extent to which women are portrayed as athletes in the news media. The paper explores the following questions: (1) Do women have the same opportunities as men in traditionally male-oriented sports, (2) Are women perceived in the same manner as men when participating in these sports and (3) Do these portrayals influence women's participation in sports. A comprehensive literature review is conducted to discuss these ideas further.
Paper Outline:
Purpose
Research
History of Women in Sports
Women in Sports Today
Status of Women in Male Dominated Sports
Discussion
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Wiley, Shaw & Havitz (1999) suggest that women are more likely than men to emphasize pleasure and enjoyment with regard to sports, whereas men are more likely to focus on the competitive aspects of a sport. However women also face higher levels of constraints, thus are only willing to participate when they remain highly motivated. Self expression is also discussed as an important aspect of sports participation, and the authors suggest that women participating in male dominated sports might have an increased sense of self and need to express themselves in an outward and competitive manner than other people (Wiley, Shaw & Havitz, 1999). This pattern was found in men and women alike."
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Sports Stadiums and Arena Finance, 2002.
A comprehensive analysis of the social and economic impact of sports facilities and sports teams on cities and states.
12,083 words (approx. 48.3 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 337.95
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Abstract
This research paper provides an overview and background of the issues, followed by a discussion of specific stadiums throughout the nation. An assessment of the legal issues involved in financing a major sports arena is followed by a summary of the research and an analysis of the future of sports arena financing in the conclusion.
Table of Contents
I. Introduction
II. Review and Discussion
III.Review and Discussion of Recent Examples
V. Summary and Conclusions
From the Paper
"We may not have the Circus Maximus, but Americans come close. Not only do sports enjoy a special status in the hearts of Americans, it turns out that sports franchises do too. New sports facilities costing at least $200 million each have been completed or are under way in Baltimore, Charlotte, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Milwaukee, Nashville, San Francisco, St. Louis, Seattle, Tampa, and Washington, D.C., and are in the planning stages in Boston, Dallas, Minneapolis, New York, and Pittsburgh. Major stadium renovations have been undertaken in Jacksonville and Oakland. Industry experts estimate that more than $7 billion will be spent on new facilities for professional sports teams before 2006. Most of this $7 billion will come from public sources. The subsidy starts with the federal government, which allows state and local governments to issue tax-exempt bonds to help finance sports facilities. While major sports franchises across the country are reaping the benefits of taxpayer-financed arenas in which to compete, the debate continues about the appropriateness of providing such enormous amounts of resources for the reasons provided by the promoters."
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White Collar Crimes in Collegiate Sports, 2002.
An analysis of the sociology of the NCAA Intercollegiate Sports violations and probation for Southern Methodist University through a literature review.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 7 sources, AU$ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper will seek to understand the sociological implications in the NCAA Intercollegiate Sports violations and probation for Southern Methodist University. By understanding the literature that has been created from this scandal, we will explore the various problems of this violation in the sociological spectrum. Also, and explanation of actual modus operandi, which was brought forth by the NCAA, will be investigated, as to why this event occurred. The basis for this study will be to over the reasons for an event like to happen, and to clarify its actions in the realm of sociological research.
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Theory of Literature, 2002.
Discusses the role of literature to the reader and the reader to literature.
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 101.95
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Abstract
What kind of work does literature do in the world? What does a text do that a song does not? What difference does it make that we can read? And, indeed, why should we read at all? Does the written text have any redeeming value in our own age, or are we in a post-textual (as well as a postmodern and post-structuralist) age? What can the purpose of literature be when anything that is actually produced through the technology of the printing press (which once changed the world) now seems rather horribly quaint? What kind of work does literature do in the world, and what kind of work is it that we do as readers? These last two questions lie at the heart of this paper. They are not in fact the same question merely differently phrased. The paper argues that literature ? the text qua text ? and reading (the subject as agent consuming the text) can be quite different from each other. Before the writer sets forth his own ideas on the function and purpose of literature, he explores the ideas of others on the subject who have tried to define for their own times and places (and for their own writers and readers) what it is that literature does in the world.
From the Paper
"But, while the impassioned literary warriors on either side might not want to admit to this fact, it might well be that there is no single correct way to analyze a text. Or rather there may well be no single correct way to analyze every text. There may be one best way for each text, requiring us to consider local definitions of analysis rather than universal ones. However, this moderate position is one rarely admitted to by either those who support or those who oppose reader-response models and it is in fact easy to understand why this should be the case: The two embody fundamentally opposing world views. Is the purpose of literature one that is determined by the creator or by the consumer?"
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Organized Crime in Sports, 2003.
Discusses illegal sports gambling in professional sports, horse racing, and college sports.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 80.95
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Abstract
Examines athletes as problem gamblers. Provides a history of gambling. Discusses mob-connected, organized control of sports betting and the growing link between organized crime and college athletics.
From the Paper
""If there's competition involved, you can bet that you can bet on it" is a quote from Henry J. Hyde (R, Ill). Hyde is chairman of the United States House of Representatives and Chairman of the committee ..."
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The Discrimination of Females in Sports, 2002.
A literature review on the problem of inequality in sports.
3,650 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 12 sources, AU$ 193.95
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Abstract
This paper will examine a number of articles taken from contemporary journals that deal with forms of inequality. Two central areas will be examined. First, social inequality in terms of sports participation will be examined. What will be analyzed, and from a 'functionalist' paradigm, are those variables which contribute to the lack of participation in some sports from those individuals in the lower strata, and in turn, some of the general 'causes' of this situation. The second general area which will be examined, is 'inequality' in terms of media representation. Toward this end, the focus will be derived from critical theory in order to discern how it is that certain inequalities are perpetuated in culture, 'via' the media.
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