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Literacy in Sri Lanka, 1994.
This paper examines literacy in Sri Lanka: Educational system, Official Language Act, role of goverment., literacy rate, population and economic issues.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 13 sources, AU$ 114.95
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From the Paper
"This research examines literacy in Sri Lanka. Topics discussed include background information on the Sri Lankan educational system, Sri Lanka's literacy rate and the reasons there for, Sri Lanka's literacy rate and other socioeconomic measures compared to other countries at a similar stage of economic development, and the relationship between Sri Lanka's literacy rate and macroeconomic measures.
Background Information on the Sri Lankan Educational System"
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Human Rights in Sri Lanka, 2006.
An introduction to the country of Sri Lanka, including a brief history and a look at its political, social and ethnic environment.
3,100 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 20 sources, APA, AU$ 130.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the social turbulence, political instability and human rights violations that are a part of life in the country of Sri Lanka. The paper presents a brief history of the country, some background information on human rights violations there and then takes a look at how minority grievances, claims and rights are central to the human rights situation in Sri Lanka. The paper proposes that though the Tigers are the minority, and have been oppressed in significant ways for many years, both sides in the ongoing conflict in Sri Lanka have committed - and continue to commit - egregious human rights violations; as long as this continues, so will the suffering and killing of all ethnicities.
Human Rights and Political Realities in Sri Lanka Today:
Facts and Background
What do the Tigers (LTTE) Say is their Main Issue?
What are the Main Minority / Ethnic Issues that History will Show
are Legitimate, Insofar as the Tigers (LTTE) Grievances are
Concerned?
Evidence that the Sinhalese Government Commits Human Rights
Violations
Evidence that the LTTE Commits Human Rights Violations
From the Paper
"The island nation of Sri Lanka is located in Southern Asia, in the Indian Ocean south of India. The island's size is 64,610 square miles (which about the size of West Virginia) and its coastline is 1,340 km. The population of Sri Lanka is approximately 19,905,165, of which 68.2% are between the ages of 15 and 64; only 7% are over 65 and 24.8% are fourteen years of age or less, according to CIA data. The main environmental problems facing the island's peoples include: heavy deforestation; soil erosion; wildlife species threatened by urban sprawl and poachers; pollution caused by mining activities, sewage and industrial wastes; coastal degradation and serious air pollution in Colombo."
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The Tamil in Sri Lanka, 2003.
Examines the political and civil rights of the Tamil ethnic minority in Sri Lanka.
4,336 words (approx. 17.3 pages), 21 sources, MLA, AU$ 165.95
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Abstract
The paper begins by presenting an overview of the U.N. Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. It then examines the background of the conflict between the Tamil ethnic minority and the government of Sri Lanka. The paper looks at the different points of view on this conflict and the consequences of these differing opinions. The paper then looks at rape as a form of torture used by government officials against Tamil women.
From the Paper
"The government encourages its soldiers to use rape as a weapon against the Tamil, because it is aware that this is a very powerful weapon of war. As a proof of the fact that rape is used and encouraged as a weapon against the resistance, the Tamil women are raped in the most inhumane ways possible, with the head of the victim "covered with a polythene bag filled with chilli powder and petrol" or, in the case of one victim, after "pins were inserted under the nails of her fingers and toes" ("Rape in Custody"). Wendy McElroy, a former victim of rape and a scholar on the effects and even the uses of this special form of violence, explains these horrible practices by saying that "rape is a political matter" ("Rape in Custody"). By using this method of torture, the Sri Lankan is not really only fighting a war of weapons. but a war of psychology."
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Arranged Marriage in Sri Lanka and Japan, 2005.
This paper provides a cross-cultural analysis and looks at the issue of arranged marriages in Sri Lanka and Japan.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 102.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine, compare and contrast the arranged marriage practices in two specific cultures: a rural Sri Lankan village and metropolitan Japan. The subsequent discussion not only reveals some of the basic practices in arranged marriages in each culture, but also suggests conclusions about the basic commonalities in such practices and how development has had an effect on the practice.
From the Paper
"Of all of the anthropological concepts routinely studied in ethnographic analyses, marriage is probably one of the most ubiquitous. All human societies demonstrate some form of marriage even though anthropologists cannot necessarily agree upon how marriage should be defined in a universal fashion. Nonetheless, marriage is an important part of every human society because it helps dictate kinship organization and determines individual roles within the community. Understanding the ways in which cultures treat marriage can be extremely important in understanding the most basic operations of that culture."
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The Stupa and Theravada Buddhism in Sri Lanka, 2008.
An analysis of the ongoing significance of stupas in everyday popular Sri Lankan Buddhism.
2,318 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes Sri Lanka as a foremost country of Theravada Buddhism with several very important and many more local stupas found in most parts of an officially Buddhist country. It specifically discusses the ongoing importance of stupas in everyday popular Sri Lankan Buddhism and describes the more colloquial meaning and popularity of stupas of different descriptions.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Stupas as Architecture
Popular Buddhism and the Stupa
Symbolism and Stupas
Concluding Discussion
From the Paper
"One sees that the stupa has terrific and varied significance in Sri Lanka's Theravada Buddhism whether in formal observances as can involve festival times or traveling to very important sites or what occurs locally involving what may be a very small district stupa, perhaps situated near a temple or upon a hill. In the upcountry areas of Sri Lanka, stupas may dot hillsides and with each, however small, having particular importance to someone or to residents of a particular village, rather like the roadside crucifixes or other religious statues one expects to see in Roman Catholic countries and implying the same sense of daily awareness and frequent related observance. There is the same contrast too between Christians viewing art as merely representing a saint or the divine, as opposed to persons who can actively worship an image or attach special powers to it. The smallest of white stupas can remind the Buddhist of how he or she is to live, develop the self, of the example of the Buddha's mind, the helpfulness of veneration. Preparing this paper has been a good exercise in seeing the different levels on which Asian religious phenomena need to be assessed, the understanding of an educated monk in Sri Lanka or a Buddhist historian of antiquities obviously rather different from the homespun understanding of a person who may be a very devout Buddhist citizen. In this sense the stupa offers different kinds of symbolism that can unite diverse members of a philosophical tradition."
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Sri Lanka's Civil War and IR Theory, 2005.
A look at different theories why the Sri Lankan civil war is not being resolved.
2,913 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 125.95
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Abstract
The author analyzes the reason why some conflicts do not receive a response, despite an urgent need for such a response. More precisely, through the use of both liberalism and realism, the Sri Lankan conflict is analyzed, with the goal being to understand why, despite almost fifty years of obvious oppression, civil war, and apartheid by the Sri Lankan government against the Tamil, there has been no international response.
Outline
The Civil War
The Conflict from the Liberalist Perspective
The Conflict from the Realist Perspective
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Within the greater field of political science, international relations comes out as one of the more interesting areas of study. International relations is fascinating both to observe and two analyze for a number of reasons. First of all, although we often see international relations as referring only to the relationship between nations and different world governments and, hence, think of it as something which is remote from us, as individuals and citizens, it has a profound impact upon our lives. For example, the Syrian government's isolation from the non-Arab international community and the recent threats expressed by the United States regarding the consequences of refusing to withdraw from Lebanon, affect the lives of the average Syrian citizens. It affects them economically since trade and economic sanctions reduce investment and employment opportunities in the Syrian economy and affect their educational and even leisure opportunities as political sanctions make traveling all the more difficult for these citizens because they confront stricter visa requirements. The purpose of this particular example is to show that even though international relations appear remote, it is not. International relations is a part of our lives."
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Sri Lanka, 2003.
Discusses the rise and fall of leadership groups.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 9 sources, AU$ 161.95
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Abstract
Examines Sri Lankan political parties after independence, including the United National Party (UNP) and the Sri Lankan Freedom Party (SLFP). Discusses minority activism, the rise of smaller parties, and the Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF).
From the Paper
"More than five decades of independence for Sri Lanka, formerly Ceylon, has witnessed the rise of a political system with basically stable political parties. Before..."
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Technological Literacy, 2002.
A discussion of the growing need for critical computer literacy and its affect on the perception of ?literacy?.
1,920 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 13 sources, MLA, AU$ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper evaluates computer/technological literacy, the term given to frequent use of modern technologies, especially computers. It examines how with the growing use of computers in the workplace, classroom and home in addition to the Internet coming into common use as a marketplace, bank, library and communications tool, technological/computer literacy has become unavoidable. It discusses how computer literacy affects the notion of literacy itself and if they can be considered one and the same. Literacy at a basic level is considered the ability to read and therefore technology only provides a different medium with which to do so. It concludes that computer literacy is not is not an independent entity, but an extension and an expansion of literacy itself. Questions of the necessity of technological literacy are raised and discussed, and the relationship between "standard" literacy and computer or technological literacy is also analyzed.
From the Paper
"New technologies, especially computers, are now being used personally as well. According to L.D. Labbo, computers are now being utilized in the home for things like ?digital shopping, travel services, studying, mail services, chatting, spiritual counseling, banking, [and] the paying of taxes?? (Labbo, Reinking and McKenna 275). In addition to these functions, the use of technology has increased significantly over the past few years. More people are using cellular phones, ?personal digital assistants? (PDAs), handheld computers and other wireless communication devices. Also, ATM machines are now commonplace, and hardly an urban block exists without one or (more frequently) more cash machines available for quick withdrawals."
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The Importance of Literacy, 2007.
A discussion on the importance of literacy skills, based on the book "Learning to Read and Write" by Frederick Douglass, and the article "The Importance of Literacy and Numeracy Skills" by the Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
901 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how, although literacy is not literally a function of slavery as it was when Douglass wrote his narrative, literacy remains a tool of social and political empowerment. The paper explores how individuals with inadequate literacy skills cannot begin to compete in a job market based on information; to run for political office; to read articles or websites. The paper further discusses how literacy bestows on the individual a means of communicating with others, of sharing ideas and debating essential points in the hopes of changing minds and hearts. The paper concludes that, through mastery of the written word, poor and oppressed individuals can challenge the assumptions that guide the dominant culture and create transformation and change just as Douglass did over a century ago.
From the Paper
"Literacy skills are, however, appropriately framed as an economic tool as they are in "The Importance of Literacy and Numeracy Skills." The Australian report represents the mentality of the twenty-first century, when literacy skills allow individuals the opportunity to "compete in the global marketplace (p. 6). Individuals need literacy skills to succeed just as Douglass did, but literacy rates are far higher now than they were in Douglass' age. As a result, citizens of industrialized nations are expected to master reading and writing skills in school."
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Early Childhood Literacy, 2006.
This paper discusses the role of family literacy in early childhood literacy as based on an observation of an Asian family.
770 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that more and more administrators and social theorists are recognizing that culture influences literacy as do societal changes that dictate what knowledge is and how it should be acquired. The author points out that literacy is much more than reading including early experiences such as playing with other children, shopping and even changing the channel on the television. The paper relates that the key is that parents actively engage their children during activities, asking them questions about their activity and encouraging children to communicate their interpretations, feelings and attitudes about various events.
Table of Contents
Observations of Family and Home
Literacy as a Social Practice
Contexts for Learning
Interpretations
From the Paper
"Studies suggest that literacy is a multi-dimensional function and that children who are more literate are more likely to experience multiple forms of literacy in their homes and communicate frequently with members of their household in various ways. Other studies suggest that literacy draws from social practice suggesting that critical literacy is influenced by socio-cultural factors, and that children learn or acquire their literacy ability as they take part in every day social activities and practices including playing, commuting, viewing TV, and engaging in other activities with their families."
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Media Literacy and TV Production, 2004.
An extensive analysis to show the important link between literacy, critical thinking and any type of media undertaking within a school setting.
21,420 words (approx. 85.7 pages), 53 sources, MLA, AU$ 360.95
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Abstract
This research paper examines the impact of integrating a media literacy unit into a public high school ninth grade Basic TV Production course in an effort to measure the development of student critical inquiry, thinking and viewing of media technology. This study expands upon initial research conducted by Renee Hobbs and Richard Frost (1999) in "Instructional Practices in Media Literacy Education and Their Impact on Student's Learning". In addition, the paper also discusses the concept of literacy as a prerequisite to the role it plays in the media arena. The paper contends that because media plays a more prevalent role in our everyday lives, it is imperative that literacy be incorporated into the educational structure, particularly for students are involved in media production.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Objectives of the Study
Background
Statement of the Problem
Current Approaches to Media Literacy Education
The Significance of This Study
Research Questions
Literature Review
Goals of Media Literacy
Guidelines for Media Instruction
Measuring Media Literacy in the K-12 Classroom
Implementing a Media Literacy Program
The Conceptual Framework
Research Methodology
Research Design
Sample Selection
Limitations of the Study
Data to Be Collected
Instrumentation
Definition of Key Terms
Information Sources
From the Paper
"Student's have their own ideas about what and how to use certain mediums to express their ideas. Nicholas (2001) states that "Eisner (1994) contends that forms of representation influence how students' perceive, how they think, and how they express understanding. Each from embodies a different way to experience the world. The implications of student perceptions of different forms of representation relate to issues of cognitive pluralism and curricular balance. Providing students with frequent opportunities to construct and express meaning in different forms using a variety of symbol systems addresses the learners' capacity and need to create and manipulate symbols. The absence of these choices limits students' learning experiences and inhibits development of multiple forms of literacy. Advocates for an enriched curriculum argue that a wide spectrum of subjects, including visual arts, dance, music, theatre, and media production should be considered integral to a general education.""
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Article Reviews: Teaching Literacy, 2008.
This paper reviews two articles about teaching literacy: Duke et al's 'Authentic Literacy Activities for Developing Comprehension and Writing' and Mary F. Heller's 'Telling Stories and Talking Facts'.
2,170 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that authentic literacy is broadly thought of as reading and writing in a personal narrative format. The author relates that Duke et al in their article 'Authentic Literacy Activities for Developing Comprehension and Writing' reported on their study involving 26 second and third grade teachers to investigate the development of students' ability to comprehend and compose informational and procedural texts in science. The author points out that this research confirmed that language skills acquisition improves in an authentic context rather than through de-contextualized or abstract learning. The paper also tells about a study by Mary F. Heller reported in her article 'Telling Stories and Talking Facts: First Graders' Engagements in a Nonfiction Book Club', which investigated the nature of responses of a small group of girls to see if these responses were grounded in facts learned from the readings or were narrative in nature.
Table of Contents:
Authentic Literacy Activities
Nonfiction Book Club
From the Paper
"Authentic literacy activities as described in this article offer many advantages to a classroom teacher. We all wish to make our classes as interesting and relevant to our students as we possibly can. This definition of authentic writing and reading gives us a way to do this. Most all of us can recall how boring it seemed to mindlessly do worksheets or endless lists of practice exercises. By adding a "real" audience and a "real" purpose can make a writing assignment more meaningful or fun. Whether in graduate school or second grade, most of us would rather understand "why" we have to do an activity." Authentic literacy activities, as defined in this article, help students to understand that "why. Children can see how the skills they are learning are used by adults. In an age where students are subject to a great deal of test-preparation activities, doing something "real" might also be a welcomed break for teachers and students.
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Literacy Perspectives From Jefferson To Now, 2008.
A look at how literacy skills have developed.
1,865 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 24 sources, APA, AU$ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of developing literacy skills, as apart from facilitating reading and writing, literacy allows us to make choices and participate fully in society. It provides an overview of the work of educationalists through the years and concludes that due to the importance of this subject literary studies should continue to be carried out.
Outline:
Jefferson, Education and Literacy
Freire, Education and Literacy
Lankshear, Education and Literacy
Henry Giroux, Education and Literacy
Perspectives on Literacy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Fundamental to the advocacy of literacy as an element of free and democratic societies is Thomas Jefferson's. According to him, there is direct relationship between good governance, responsible citizenship and literacy (Kozol, 1985) This implies that without literacy, governments can not claim that it is effective and neither can its citizens be able to fully participate and become active in society. Literacy is seen as critical to well-being and the ability to become productive. Similar to Socratic views on knowledge, learning and virtue, an illiterate person is not able to develop the knowledge that can bring his enlightenment so that he can live a moral and just life (Freeman & Kassebaum, 1956). Such a view also suggests that literacy is an agent of social progress and the vehicle for social justice, liberty and democracy."
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Literacy Instruction and Reading Motivation, 2002.
An examination of the connection between literacy instruction and reading motivation in students with language learning difficulties.
2,205 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 99.95
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Abstract
This paper examines whether there is a connection between reading and motivation in literacy instruction. Literacy instruction programs have proven to students that developing reading and writing skills on an academic level can increase leadership, social and communication skills. The writer shows that once the students experience the advantages of expanding his or her literacy skills in ways that are important to him or her, then his or her learning is accelerated. Literacy instruction provides learning assistance more specifically than the average classroom environment. The paper also examines experiments which were conducted that tested the students' reading and writing motivation after an intense literacy-training program. This essay also proves how literacy training motivated students to expand students reading and writing skills.
From the Paper
"According to the 2001 edition of Digest of Education Statistics, student dropout rate due to literacy problems were primarily determined by race along with other predetermined factors. In the year of 1995, the average dropout rate among Hispanics were 2.7 percent, Blacks were 2.3 percent, and the dropout averages for Whites were between 1.5 and 1.6 percent (Snyder, 2001). Most experts agree that the Hispanic dropout rate were high because of his or her lack of motivation to learn how to read and write the English language. Before the requirements for specialized literacy instruction specialists were raised, Hispanics along with other cultures, were expected to learn how to read and write English as quickly and as fluently as Native Americans. Naturally, students from other cultures did not begin learn to read and write at the same time, but the students were expected to learn reading and writing at the same rate as peers of his or her age."
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Australian Literacy, 2006.
An analysis of children's literacy issues in Australia.
3,000 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 127.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses literacy issues for children living in Australia. The paper begins by examining the many differing conceptions of how to define literacy and exactly which elements constitute the amorphous area of literacy. Then, the paper looks at the varying types of literacy teaching in schools. The paper also discusses the intense scrutiny that the subject of childhood literacy is coming under in Australia. Reports of declining literacy levels led to a perception of a "literacy crisis", which has prompted government officials to take action. This paper also explores those steps.
From the Paper
"The importance of spoken language should not be underestimated in the acquisition of literacy. Obviously, the need for literacy will not be relevant to societies where there is no written form of their language, therefore the following discussion will be limited to societies with written forms of their language thus leading to expectations of literacy. Whilst spoken and written language are interrelated, there are also differences between them. The first difference is that spoken language predates written language in history (Stubbs, 1980, p.25). Naturally, it is not possible to make an assertion as to the time differential, however it is logical to state that people have always needed to be able to orally communicate."
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Boundaries of Literacy, 2005.
A discussion of the boundaries of literacy, as discussed in "Boundaries Cracked: Gendering Literacy, Empowering Women, Building Community", written by Jennifer Subban and Alma Young.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, AU$ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the book "Boundaries Cracked: Gendering Literacy, Empowering Women, Building Community", written by Jennifer Subban and Alma Young. It discusses the issues related to in the literature of the fact that boundaries are formed for poor women in urban societies because of their inability to read and write, creating a manner of existence that restrains them from being able to achieve their goals.
From the Paper
"Boundaries of Literacy Jennifer Subban and Alma Young write "Boundaries Cracked: Gendering Literacy, Empowering Women, Building Community". Within the literature the authors discuss the fact that boundaries are formed for poor women in urban societies because of their inability to read and write, creating a manner of existence that restrains them from being able to achieve their goals (Subban & Young 49). The inability to communicate through reading and writing, or to comprehend basic information that is dispersed throughout the social order confines them to their world of poverty because they are incapable of seeking help that requires filling out forms, applying for aid, or filling out job applications. Women must struggle to seek help that will provide them with literacy training in order to alter their lives and the existence of their children."
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