| Papers [1-16] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "LINKS POVERTY ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE DEVELOPING": |
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The Links Between Poverty And Environmental Damage In Developing Countries, 2002.
This paper discusses the links between poverty and environmental damage in the developing countries.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the links between poverty and environmental damage in the developing countries and their implication for sustainable development. Two developing countries are used as case studies
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Tort Law as Compensation for Environmental Damage, 2007.
An analysis of the effectiveness of tort law with regard to providing compensation and preventing environmental damage.
2,881 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 34 sources, APA, AU$ 123.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the effectiveness of tort law in providing compensation for environmental damage. It also looks at the ability of tort law to prevent environmental damage from occurring. The paper describes some of the obstacles suffered by tort law in fulfilling a central role in environmental protection, such as cost, evidence and standing and then looks at the limits to the limitations that exist in terms of tort law and environmental damage.
Table of Contents:
Developing, and Restricting an 'Environmental Tort': Issues of Locality and Use
Establishing the Causative Link and Proving Foreseeability
Further Obstacles: Evidence, Cost and Standing
Limiting the Limitations
The European Influence - Lowering the Hurdles?
Assessing the Use of Common Law Actions in Tort
From the Paper
"Today there is a propensity to think of environmental protection as attained by the volume of specific legislation, but this does not mean that the role of the common law in environmental protection has become obsolete. Although perhaps a somewhat tenuous link, it has been argued that actions in tort are able to prevent environmental harm by deterring others from engaging in the same behaviour due to a fear of having to pay damages. However, Barbara Young, the chief executive of the Environment Agency, challenges such a rationalisation, arguing "the scale of penalties levied by the courts makes pollution and prosecution an acceptable risk and an acceptable business expense" . Naturally, the extent to which the extent to this will vary according to the polluting offender involved, however it would seem unlikely that the prospect of paying damages would have the same influence as the fear of facing an environmental regulator is set standards are breached."
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The Exxon Valdez and Environmental Damage, 1995.
Reviews the current information regarding environmental engineering techniques being used in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Examines the creation and implementation of some techniques inspired by the Exxon Valdez incident.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 12 sources, AU$ 91.95
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From the Paper
"The Exxon Valdez and Environmental Damage
Abstract
This article will review current information regarding environmental engineering techniques being used in Prince William Sound, Alaska. The creation and implementation of some of these techniques was inspired by the Exxon Valdez incident. There were no absolute positive correlations between bioremediation techniques used, new tanker technology, and the lessening of ecological impact. Environmental engineering appears best at studying the variables and then learning through trial and error what are the most positive steps to take."
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Disposal Of Environmentally Damaging Fluids, 1995.
Discussion of state and federal regulations concerning the use and disposal of freon and other environmentally harmful fluids. Describes how freon interacts with the environment and the evolution of regulations.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 68.95
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From the Paper
"The Disposal of Environmentally Damaging Fluids
Overview
Since 1971, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has implemented and enforced federal environmental laws. The United States Congress passed comprehensive environmental legislation that regulated virtually every potential environmental impact resulting from manufacturing or other commercial activities (Cheney). The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1971, established standards for all geological, air, noise, utility, light, traffic, and aesthetic areas of environmental impact (Dagodag, 1991, xi). Covered in the geological standards area is the disposal of potentially hazardous fluids. The provisions of these federal laws establish minimum national requirements and ..."
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Environmental Degradation and Poverty, 2008.
An argument that there is a strong relationship between environmental degradation and worldwide poverty.
888 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that there is a deep-rooted relationship between environmental degradation and poverty that is often poorly understood by policy makers at the international and local levels. The paper asserts that as a result, efforts to fight poverty in recent decades have shown slow progress. The paper examines the ways in which environmental degradation causes poverty and discusses some possible solutions to the problem.
From the Paper
"The poor are particularly vulnerable to environmental degradation because most of world's poorest population lives in rural areas and is critically dependant for their livelihoods and well-being on environmental factors such as fertile soil, clean water and healthy ecosystems. This has been conclusively shown in recent reports prepared for Poverty-Environment Partnership-- a network of bilateral aid agencies-- by international agencies such as UNDP, UNEP, IIED, IUCN and WRI."
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World Poverty and Poverty in the USA, 2007.
An explanation of poverty experienced in the USA and in the developing countries.
1,319 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the global issue of poverty as well as the poverty that exists today in the USA. The author describes the different lives that the poor in America have compared to those struggling to survive in developing countries. He provides some of the causes that lead to abject poverty and concludes that if we cure the world of poverty, we will cure the world of hunger, thirst, illiteracy, and disease.
From the Paper
"When Americans think of poverty, many of them tend to think of people living on the street and begging for money in our nation's biggest cities. Many are naive to the fact that almost one billion people are living in "absolute poverty." Absolute poverty, as described by Robert McNamara, are "those living, literally, on the margin of life. Their lives are so characterized by malnutrition, illiteracy, and disease as to be beneath any reasonable definition of human dignity" (23). The main reason for McNamara's definition is to help Westerners understand that poverty is a lot different to us than it is in the developing world.
"The poor in New York City may be living under a bridge or sleeping on a park bench, but they rarely have to worry about how they are going to eat since the United States offers programs to aid the poor, such as homeless shelters, soup kitchens, and food stamps. In the developing world, it is a different story. Millions of children receive insufficient amounts of food, especially protein, which thereby causes their brains to remain undeveloped and leads to a higher chance of less-productive lives. Millions of these children die each year before the age of five due to malnutrition and diseases associated with malnutrition (23)."
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Inner City Poverty, 2002.
A discussion of the link between poverty, living conditions and the absence of a sense of community with reference to a study of the Tams neighborhood in the near northeast of Rochester, New York.
1,964 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the decay and ruin of inner city neighborhoods, together with a deterioration of the quality of life for residents of those neighborhoods, are routine elements of urban life in the United States. It analyzes some of the issues through an effort to link poverty, living conditions and absence of a sense of community as a paradigm for both understanding the problem and developing solutions. The data for the study was collected through the administration of a survey questionnaire to the residents of a relatively small, depressed inner city neighborhood on the near northeast side of Rochester, New York.
Outline
Introduction
Literature Review
Methods
Results
From the Paper
"Over the past three decades, a major program designed to improve community development through local control and participation has been the Community Development Corporation (CDC) effort. Under the auspices of this program, more than 2,000 CDCs have been created. The program has become the premier conduit through which environmental, economic, social, and political problems confronting distressed urban and rural communities in the United States are addressed (Briggs, Mueller, & Sullivan, 1997)."
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Environmental Problems, 2007.
A study of the environmental damage caused to the Middle East's natural resources.
2,124 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 96.95
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Abstract
The paper illustrates in detail how industrial development, political changes and war in the Middle East have created a train of environmental and health problems today. It discusses the problems and notes that there have been efforts at addressing environmental degradation in the region. The paper maintains, however, that the complexity of the issue requires stronger commitment, especially in relation to legislative frameworks, resources, coordination between policies and strategies. It also points out that environmental degradation, such as wetland destruction and water depletion or loss, is also critical in countries in Asia and in Europe.
From the Paper
"Already scarce arable land is getting lost to desertification. Hazardous wastes, sewage, agricultural and other chemicals are polluting fresh water, while oil pollutes coastal zones. Coastal zone pollution, in turn, puts coral reefs, wild fowl and fishing areas at great risk. Massive and unprecedented urbanization, migration from the rural areas and resettlement of political refugees and foreign workers drain city services (VanderMeer). The great oasis of the Middle East, Mesopotamia, has lost 93% of its wetlands and what remains is now threatened to be blotted out by a war."
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Germany?s Environmental Policy after Reunification, 2004.
This paper is evaluates the integration and achievements of Germany?s environmental policy after reunification.
9,415 words (approx. 37.7 pages), 13 sources, APA, AU$ 279.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, many years ago, the development of a systematic environmental policy began in Germany; but the reunification of the two German states (Federal Republic of Germany and German Democratic Republic), in 1990 created a great new challenge for German environmental policy because of the extensive environmental damage in the former GDR and because of the major economic crisis that started during this time. The author points out that the most remarkable result of increased environmental awareness was the development of an ?eco-industry,? a new manufacturing sector that develops pollution-control devices and other environmentally useful equipment. The paper concludes that the constantly changing world of politics requires innovative strategies to keep up with these changes; therefore, all available economic resources, environmental group leadership, and public environmental support, including the Green Party, should combine to overcome the obstacles created by potential economic and environmental tradeoffs.
Table of Contents
Literature Review
A Brief Review of Germany?s Environmental History
Integration of Systems and Policies
Energy and Environmental Policy
Environmental Programs and Initiatives
Methodology
Results of Study
Organizational Structure of Environmental Protection in Germany
The Environment
Germany?s Future
Economic and Political Options for Environmental Protection in Germany
Traditional Features of German Environmental Policy
Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Regulations and government actions to protect nature and human beings against environmentally hazardous activities of commercial and industrial firms have a long history in Germany. Environmental protection is anchored in private and public law, including building, public health and sanitation, and police laws. The Water Rights Act and the Factories Act set the standard for many subsequent laws. The various regulations created to prevent offensive emissions from becoming a nuisance to health and property were systematized and concentrated for the first time in the Prussian Industrial Statute of 1845."
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Redefining Poverty, 2003.
Explores the need to redefine the term 'poverty' to improve poverty alleviation strategies.
6,500 words (approx. 26.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 215.95
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Abstract
The term 'poverty' does not have as clear-cut a definition as many suppose. In the past, the World Bank defined it as a form of economic deprivation, inhibiting access to necessary resources such as food, medication, shelter, or clothing. This paper shows, however, that by 2001, the World Bank realized that the definition of poverty as "deprivation of income" was simply too limited and limiting because it viewed poverty only from the economic perspective, overlooking the social perspective. It is limiting because the economic definition of poverty engenders poverty alleviation strategies, which aim to improve the economic status of individuals, communities, and areas by addressing the economic infrastructure alone, overlooking the fact that the social and political infrastructures may be, and often are, equally responsible for poverty. The paper shows that realization of the mentioned limitations motivated the World Bank to redefine poverty as used in its annual reports. This new definition, holding poverty to be a "pronounced deprivation of well-being," does address some of the limitations of the older definition, but is not a comprehensive definition. Additionally, it has failed to engender new poverty measurement variables, maintaining the same limited and limiting ones used in the earlier definition.
Outline
Definition
Measurements of Poverty
Social and Political Deprivation
Choice in Poverty
Alleviation Strategies
Criticism of Alleviation Strategies
Re-Emphasizing a New Definition of Poverty
Case Discussion and Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In other words, poverty is the absence of equality and equal opportunity. If one considers this definition carefully, especially in light of the areas of inequality highlighted by Todaro, one sees the rationale behind, and the validity of, this definition. Quite simply stated, the unequal status of women and minority groups in many LDC's determines the inability of those groups to access economic independence or even the opportunity for stable employment at fair wages. If we go a step beyond, one will note that resistance to employing women, consequent to patriarchal cultural attitudes prevalent in many LDC's such as rural Egypt, culminates in the exclusion of a significant percentage of the population from participating in national economic development efforts."
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The Sociology of Poverty and Welfare, 2005.
A sociological perspective on poverty and welfare, including a sociological definition of poverty, explanations for poverty and welfare, and an evaluation of the explanations.
3,525 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 142.95
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Abstract
The paper researches the sociology of poverty and welfare. The paper identifies the conflict and individualistic and cultural perspectives in poverty and welfare, gives a description of six sociological explanations relating to the two identified perspectives of poverty and welfare, and evaluates three of the sociological explanations. Further, this paper gives a description of at least eight sociological studies of welfare and poverty, with at least four representing the different sociological perspectives, as well as four evaluations of the sociological studies. Finally, this paper provides a description of four main constraints, which could affect the work of sociologists in their study of welfare and poverty.
Statement of Thesis
Review of Literature
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Defining elements in culture are those of language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and material objects that are passed through generation to generation. Further culture can be separated into subgroups of material culture and nonmaterial culture. Components within a culture are inclusive of symbols, gestures, language, values, norms and sanctions, folkways and mores." Those who participate in social research or sociologists place their reliance on three main theoretical frameworks which are symbolic intereactionism which is defined in the focus on languaging and human relationship elements in intimate group settings which gives emphasis to the construction and communication by the individual through use of symbols or micro-analysis. In the thinking of today there is little disagreement that there is not an existence of a definitive in poverty that is "the" end-all in relating the meaning of the existence demonstrating the meaning of poverty. Globalization is new in the theorem arena in relation to reflect on poverty. The studies that are recent in relation to: "globalization, regionalization and their local manifestation in 'globalization' revealed an extraordinary variety of micro-social" causal factors and reasons within the framework of social processes and consequences that are of a broader nature."
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Lee Jacobs' Article: "John Kenneth Galbraith: The Position of Poverty", 2008.
This paper analyzes governmental influences on case poverty and insular poverty in Southeast Asia based on the article "John Kenneth Galbraith: The Position of Poverty" by Lee Jacobs.
940 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 48.95
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Abstract
This study critically analyzes the idea of case poverty and insular ioverty in the article "John Kenneth Galbraith: The Position of Poverty" by Lee Jacobs. The paper explains that, by understanding the different types of poverty that keep many in the lower echelons of society, Galbraith positions that case poverty is a real concept in determining those that cannot function effectively within society. The paper further suggest that, by critical evaluating this concept, one can argue that Galbraith shows a great deal of insight into poverty, and what factors keep members of a population in the lower classes through government intervention. The paper then applies this concept to the poor in Southeast Asian countries.
From the Paper
"These ironic features that are contained within economic barren areas reflect the way that governmental development influences what is to be deemed insular poverty. For instance, if a country like Cambodia has resources in rice, a lack of government development could make Cambodia behave within Galbraith's definition of insular poverty without geographical isolation. ...
"This factor further helps develop the terms of poverty that are imposed upon people, through the so-called insular factors of poverty."
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Environmental Justice, 2005.
An in-depth study of environmental justice and environmental racism with a focus on the state of Illinois.
17,249 words (approx. 69.0 pages), 60 sources, APA, AU$ 360.95
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Abstract
This paper is a thorough review of the problem of environmental racism and whether it does indeed exist in Chicagoland. The paper also examines whether or not instances of environmental injustice have increased or decreased since President Bill Clinton's Executive Order 12898 was issued in 1994. The paper also attempts to determine whether the civil rights movement in general has left the environmental injustice/environmental racism agenda behind.
Table of Contents
Literature Review
Chicagoland Contaminated Sites
Environmental Racism/Environmental Injustice
Civil Rights Movement/Environmental Justice
Methodology
Results
New Handling of Environmental Remediation
Post-Executive Order 12898
Pre-Executive Order 12898 Remediation
Second Radioactive Cleanup Site
Printing Chemicals
Lead Removal at East St. Louis Sites
Illinois EPA Projects, 2004 and 2003
Activities in 2003
Activities in 2004
Activities in 2005
Discussion
From the Paper
"Within days of taking office the first time, William Jefferson Clinton initiated his 'governing by memoranda' activities. This article begins with his immediate overturning of the Bush I gag rule concerning abortion, and then went on rapidly to other birth-control issues, gays in the military and more. Because of these rapid and far-reaching actions, the concepts of policy tools has become one open to more scrutiny than before Clinton began his series of 25 presidential memoranda and 18 executive orders that "implemented the administration's reinventing government initiatives." Among the important memoranda this article analyzes was Executive Order 12898, the purpose of which "was to 'focus Federal attention on the environmental and human health conditions in minority communities and low-income communities with the goal of achieving environmental justice'." The memorandum, however, "specifically involved" civil rights laws already on the books and required to be used by federal agencies in, arguably, all the agencies' endeavors."
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Economic Development and Pollution, 2002.
Discusses the ways in which the economic development of a country can contribute to global pollution and environmental damage.
880 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the various type of pollution created when a country begins the process of economic development. It compares the types of pollution generally encountered in underdeveloped countries to countries undergoing the process of industrialization. Also, discussed in this paper, are the ways that the industrialization process can spread pollution, the types of industry that contribute to pollution and how the fuels needed to support these industries create even more pollution.
From the Paper
"Once industrial development takes place, the process of pollution affects air, ground and water. Plants and factories produce suspended particulates, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and lead. (Edgmand et al, 1996) At one time, it was thought that the harmful effects of these manufacturing byproducts became naturally neutralized by the wind, and in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, smokestacks were built to great heights to achieve this goal. However, all that happened was that the pollution was dispersed to other areas; for example, Scandinavia became the victim of industrial pollution from Germany and Great Britain."
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Environmentally Destructive Chemicals, 2004.
Examines the range of environmental damage caused by environmental contaminants.
1,404 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the different types of contaminants that exist and the role they play in polluting the environment. The paper also looks at the damage these pollutants cause to human and animal life and the activities that are mostly involved in the ongoing process of environmental contamination.
From the Paper
"In today?s modern life, there are many activities that produce toxic or harmful chemicals and pathogens to be released into the environment. Both pathogens and toxic chemicals cause various kinds of illness and disease in humans as well as in other living organisms"
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America's War on Poverty, 2002.
An analysis of the effectiveness of welfare reform on poverty and anti-poverty policy in the U.S..
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 9 sources, AU$ 141.95
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Abstract
This paper will take a critical look at poverty and anti-poverty policy in the US. Intuitively, it is easy to make the hypothesis that spending more on poverty is better for the greater good. For instance, states with greater percentages of their population below the poverty line should spend more to reduce the incidence of poverty in their jurisdictions. In reality, however, this hypothesis has proven to be invalid. This paper will argue that, rather than improving, poverty is becoming more prevalent.
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