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Liberalism, Critical Citizenship and Multiculturalism, 2005.
A discussion regarding liberalism as a culture.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 180.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the call for liberalism is becoming more common in today, and an increasingly global culture. Those people who embrace multiculturalism and other aspects of a liberal culture often find this concept difficult to align with the more restrictive concept of exclusionary citizenship. The paper contends that the clear foundation provided by the boundaries of citizenship. In Part One, this paper defends the current nation-state-based citizenship model that is currently in use. Part Two the paper discusses the principles of liberalism in connection with cultural relativism and the demands of non-liberal cultures.
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Liberal Citizenship, 2005.
This paper discusses liberal citizenship and the tensions and challenges involved.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 102.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the tensions and challenges of liberal citizenship which tend to be mutually reinforcing, for disagreements among the citizens of liberal societies in the form of tensions produce challenges in the form of reactionary anti-liberal sentiments. The paper explains that these anti-liberal sentiments are never acknowledged as such by those who hold them, for they consider themselves to be more conscientious liberals than their rivals and they adopt an 'ends justifies the means' philosophy.
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Multiculturalism and Citizenship in Canada, 2002.
How the issue of multiculturalism is tied in to the issue of citizenship in Canada.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 1 source, AU$ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of multiculturalism and citizenship, based on the Canadian situation, and is based on the following article: Jones, B.M. (2000). Multiculturalism and Citizenship: The Status of 'Visible Minorities' in Canada. Canadian Ethnic Studies. 32(1).
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Liberal Democracy and Multiculturalism, 2003.
The relationship between Liberal Democracy and multiculturalism in Canada.
1,942 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 88.95
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Abstract
This essay argues that among the inherent tensions between liberal democracy and multiculturalism, the most problematic is the conflict between equality of political rights, which is fundamental to liberal democracy, and the notion of collective rights, which is fundamental to multiculturalism. Nonetheless, this tension can be overcome and it is argued that multiculturalism in fact supports some elements of liberal democracy such as political participation. In order to clarify this argument, the writer begins with defining multiculturalism, liberal democracy and basic principles of liberal democracy.
From the Paper
"A policy of multiculturalism within a bilingual framework commends itself to the Government as the most suitable means of assuring the cultural freedom of Canadians??A vigorous policy of multiculturalism will help form??the base of a society which is based on fair play for all.?? (Pierre Trudeau, 1971 qtd in Multiculturalism and the Government of Canada 1) It has been thirty years since Prime Minister Trudeau announced this multiculturalism policy. During these twenty years, not only Canada, but also other nations that have adopted the policy of multiculturalism have experienced both challenges to and support of multiculturalism from diverse groups. Social issues emerging from multiculturalism have become more and more complex. In nations like Canada, Switzerland, Belgium and Spain, liberal democracy coexists with multiculturalism and questions arise concerning these two principles: how does multiculturalism fit into liberal democratic society? Does the principle of multiculturalism support liberal democracy or undermine it? More specifically, what aspects of multiculturalism affect liberal democracy and how? This essay will argue that among the inherent tensions between liberal democracy and multiculturalism, the most problematic is the conflict between equality of political rights, which is fundamental to liberal democracy, and the notion of collective rights, which is fundamental to multiculturalism. Nonetheless, this tension can be overcome and it will be argued that multiculturalism in fact supports some elements of liberal democracy such as political participation. In order to clarify this argument, I will begin with defining multiculturalism, liberal democracy and basic principles of liberal democracy."
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Liberalism and Neo-liberalism, 2005.
This paper discusses theories of liberalism and neo-liberalism in international politics.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer examines theories of liberalism and neo-liberalism in international politics. The writer discusses neo-liberalism as based in liberal democracy. The writer identifies limits of both theories. Further, the writer discusses major problems and limitations with each theory.
From the Paper
"According to sociologists, market-based economic policies have been institutionalized as a nearly global policy paradigm embodying first liberalism and later neo-liberalism. The purpose of this report is to discuss the theories of liberalism and neo-liberalism in studying international politics and to identify the limitations of these approaches. All such theories in the context of international relations are designed to solve the problems and puzzles of state behavior by offering a causal account of a particular outcome or pattern of behavior in ... "
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Liberalism, Neo-Liberalism, and International Politics, 2005.
An overview of the relationship between liberal and neo-liberal theories and international politics.
861 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 44.95
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Abstract
According to sociologists, since the 1970s, market-based economic policies have been institutionalized as a nearly global policy paradigm embodying first, liberalism, and later, neo-liberalism. The purpose of this report is to discuss the theories of liberalism and neo-liberalism in studying international politics and to identify the limitations of these approaches.
From the Paper
"In neoliberalism, which developed in the final decades of the twentieth century, a set of economic principles became part of the accepted framework for thinking about and acting upon both the economy and the relations of states to one another. Neoliberalism assumed that a positive outcome both economically and politically would be generated through a wave of reforms ? privatizations, dismantling of social welfare programs, the retreat of the state from economic regulation, tax cuts, and the opening of national boundaries."
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?Liberated Parents, Liberated Children?, 2004.
A review of the parenting book, "Liberated Parents, Liberated Children: Your Guide to a Happier Family", by Adele Faber and Elaine Mazlish.
1,460 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how authors Adele Faber and Elaine Mazlish wrote their counter-cultural book, "Liberated Parents, Liberated Children: Your Guide to a Happier Family", regarding tips and tactics for parents to use as they raised children before the term ?counter-cultural? had become politically correct. It looks at how, in 1974, when the majority of children were being raised under the questionable, permissive advice of Dr. Spock, these authors focused on another aspect of child rearing. It looks at how they were significantly influenced by child psychologist Haim Ginott ,who believed that it was the emotional well-being of the child that would guide his actions.
From the Paper
"This differentiation between giving of ourselves to our children, and giving ourselves over to our children is the delicate line which Mazlish and Faber walk throughout their book as they discuss skills for parents to learn to build emotionally balanced and self-secure children. The approach which encourages parents to remain in their authority role in the child?s life, as well as equips the parent to connect with the child?s feeling is the element of this book which sets it apart from other works. Dr. Spock taught parents to reason with their children rather than correct them. By doing so, the well intentioned doctor instructed parents to abdicate an important role in their children?s development, which is the role of authority to which the child is accountable."
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?Liberated Parents, Liberated Children?, 2004.
A review of the book, "Liberated Parents, Liberated Children: Your Guide to a Happier Family", by Adele Faber and Elaine Mazlish.
1,108 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the book, "Liberated Parents, Liberated Children: Your Guide to a Happier Family", by Adele Faber and Elaine Mazlish, which discusses their experiences attending a series of parent workshops given by child psychologist, Dr. Ginott. It looks at how its approach to parenting appears to be very simplistic in nature: do not control your children, but rather respect them for their individuality and uniqueness. It discusses how punishment is not an effective tool for establishing a trusting relationship, nor is a power trip, or being too protective or defensive. It shows how an adversarial relationship with a child will normally escalate or deteriorate as he/she gets older and becomes more defensive and less intimidated.
From the Paper
"Similarly, a child?s autonomy need not threaten a parent. Dr. Ginott saids, ?We help most by not helping.? How many parents are afraid of what will happen if their children fail? If their school project is not perfect or if their hair is sticking up or they wear clothes that are wrinkled? The problem is that the parents? self-esteem is so wrapped up in their children?s success or failure that it is taken as a personal affront. If the son a daughter does not make the team or get invited to a party, it is as if the parent did not make the grade. The child who is better prepared for the future is the one who has to remember to return his/her books to the library, finish a homework assignment or even makes the same mistake over again."
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Liberalism: Past and Present, 2004.
Examines a 1764 pamphlet on the ideas of liberalism and shows how these ideas differ from the concept of liberalism today.
2,800 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 120.95
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Abstract
Liberalism has always encompassed the basic premise that individuals are fundamentally free. The political concept of liberalism has gone through some changes over the centuries, but the philosophical concept of liberalism has remained mostly unaltered. The paper shows that the ways in which liberal ideas were put into practice during the infancy of American civilization are illustrated through a widely acclaimed pamphlet written by Governor Stephen Hopkins and published by William Goddard, entitled ?The Rights of Colonies Examined.? This pamphlet was put into publication on December 22, 1764, and consecutive editions ran in 1765 and 1766. The paper explains that the pamphlet was written in response to the imposed Revenue Act of 1764, as well as a proposed Stamp Act, which would have only caused undue economic burdens on the American colonies. The paper shows, therefore, that the liberalism expressed at this point of history is different from contemporary liberalism, both politically and practically.
From the Paper
"The pamphlet argued that the equal privileges and rights held by those in America are held as ?inherent indefeasible rights?, and as free-born subjects, are naturally entitled to rights outlined in the British Constitution. However, the author suggested that the liberty situation among the American colonies seems to be changing for the worst. It was explained how the British ministry, for some unknown reason, had passed an act that limited and hindered trade of the American colonies, and also resolved that taxes, including a duty on stamps, was necessary. This was seen as undermining the principles of liberty the colonies, as well as the British constitution, were built upon."
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Liberalism: Great or Horrible, 2006.
A critique on liberalism based on the teachings of religion and the doctrines of Karl Marx.
2,248 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 100.95
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Abstract
The paper states that liberalism is a subject on which people have varying views and one which some philosophers and interest groups support. The paper then continues and discusses how other thinkers and individuals find liberalism to be lacking. This is either because liberalism, in their opinion, is flawed or they simply find that liberalism does not meet their personal needs. The paper specifically discusses Karl Marx's critique on liberalism, explaining that it is based on his understanding of the position of the economically deprived. Moreover, the paper compares Marx's views on liberalism with those of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, as well as the views on liberalism that might be held by a religious person. The paper concludes that liberalism seems to be a good system of government for the present time, and while liberalism may not always be the best system of government, it seems be the best option for present day society.
From the Paper
" Marx believes that these fears move the wheels of society. This view varies from Hobbes, who believes that humans' fear and vulnerability is what makes all of us equal. Marx also firmly believes that in the modes of production there are many inequalities. Marx attests that inequalities are due to fact that the individual is kept un-free in capitalistic, money-driven societies. "This realm of natural necessity expands with his development, because his needs do too; but the productive forces to satisfy these expand at the same time". In this type of system Marx believes there is no need for humans to possess any kind of individuality, and that all creative forces are quashed. Marx again traces this back to the idea that capitalism has no need for the masses to possess any kind of individuality. Instead, he asserts that capitalism not only causes, but also encourages, the masses to be constantly producing. Marx gives an example of the concept of mass production; the example he offers is the assembly line. Marx also believes that the Capitalist's main goal is to take as much surplus value from labor as they possible can. Marx basically does not find liberalism to be a good system because he does not agree with the capitalistic system and he does not think that work defines human beings. He asserts that what one does to economically support him- or herself and family should not define the individual as a person, but the mere fact of being an individual human being should be what defines each member of society separately and uniquely. This is because Marx believes that individuals are not free and do not choose their jobs. This means that individuals are defined by not-choosing. Also, jobs are just a means to an economic end, and human creativity should instead be the end. In a capitalist government, the state enslaves the individual to his or her job and controls the person through it."
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Problems of Multiculturalism, 2007.
Looking at three different works, this paper discusses problems raised by multiculturalism.
1,934 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 88.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the three works reviewed in this paper are all varying responses to the problems that multiculturalism, both in theory and in practice, has produced. The writer notes that, published all within the last decade, Tariq Modood's 'Is Multiculturalism Appropriate for the Twenty-First Century', Bhikhu Parekh's 'Rethinking Multiculturalism, Cultural Diversity and Political Theory', and Sasja Templeman's 'Constructions of Cultural Identity: Multiculturalism and Exclusion', address the fundamental question of what one means by multiculturalism, uncover both the explicit and implicit problems this essentially woolly doctrine embodies, and point to a more inclusive, refined and sophisticated way in which multiculturalism can be advocated as a political ideal. The writer concludes that ultimately, the writers of these works feel that multiculturalism, as it is understood and propagated today, is unsatisfactory as a doctrine of inclusion.
From the Paper
"Much of the awkwardness arises, perhaps, less from the underdeveloped nature of multiculturalism than from the difficulties it presents to conventional political philosophy. Since traditional political theory believes in the universal validity of a good life, acceptance of multiculturalism necessarily presupposes a plurality of goods that would not be the same for everyone. By contrast to monists, who claimed to arrive at one true or rational way of understanding man and the world and the leading of the good life, pluralists, inspired initially by the German romantics, took a more relativist view of human nature that did not see one size fitting all. But the problem even with the romantic movement, which had been responsible for promoting the specificities of a nation, is that its basic assumption of cultural homogeneity within one nation has been cast into doubt by the variety of different cultural entities that co-exist in modern nations."
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Multiculturalism in Canada, 2008.
This paper argues against multiculturalism as the Canadian official policy.
2,655 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 114.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how multiculturalism can cause more divisiveness than unity. The paper examines myths of multiculturalism and explains how it exaggerates differences between groups, as opposed to promoting a sense of shared humanity. The paper looks at multiculturalism as a low political development to promise ongoing distinction and isolation, as opposed to fostering efforts to adapt, learn and become Canadian.
Outline:
Introduction
Multiculturalism as Presented
Where Do the 'Non-Ethnic' Fit In?
Myths of Multiculturalism
Multiculturalism and the Ease of Life for 'Whites'
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Supporters of official multiculturalism suggest that it is a mandatory requirement for all advanced democracies in the 21st century. (Kymlicka:1995) If one views the model of globalization and high mobility, multiethnic and multiracial communities forming across the world, one believes that multiculturalism's regard for difference will allow this interaction to be harmonious. However, detractors refer to a 'mosaic madness' that cannot possibly achieve the ideal wanted and also point to questionable points attached to Multiculturalism of which some supporters may be less aware. (See Bibby:1990) Canadians can fail to see the strong role played by multiculturalism's official communities in electoral processes, in effect, 'buying' blocs of ethnic community votes. This has been discussed popularly as a 'divide and conquer' approach that minimizes integration into mainstream politics as the newcomer is encouraged to rely upon the organized community as its source of political advice. Policy that is meant to glorify difference and diversity may actually create distinction, if not prejudice, in that there is less incentive for members of different communities to mix, find common ground, to view one another as fellow Canadians, regardless of their different origins."
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Multiculturalism in a World Community, 2007.
An analysis of the effects of multiculturalism within a world community.
1,848 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of a world community. The paper particularly focuses on multiculturalism within a world community and looks at multiculturalism in the community in general and then in the workplace, specifically. The paper also discusses any issues that may arise due to multiculturalism and suggests that education is the key to resolving multicultural differences.
Table of Contents:
Multicultural Instruction
Multiculturalism in Work Places
From the Paper
"While there is still a long road ahead of us, the world generally seems to embrace the idea that we live together in a multicultural and diverse world, and we celebrate that in many ways. However, there continues to be resistance to the emergence of a new world order that would strive for economic and social and political opportunities for all people. Education is, again, the key to bringing about the much needed changes will resolve the differences that keep us from celebrating one another's cultural and traditional differences. We must continue to provide the resources and opportunities to emerging third world nations to help them grow into the environments within which they find themselves moving as the bridges that connect us continue to be built. Again, education is the key to resolving multicultural differences."
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Multiculturalism, 2002.
Discusses the debate over multiculturalism.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 161.95
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Abstract
Discusses debate over multiculturalism. Individual and group rights in contemporary liberalism. Political agendas. Theoretical traditions and demands for greater ethnic representation in politics and resource distribution. American racism. Eurocentrism. Liberalism and human rights. Concept of liberal neutrality and impartiality. Assimilation and cultural identity. Multiple visions and commonalities. The politics of difference. Sentence Outline.
From the Paper
"INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP RIGHTS IN CONTEMPORARY LIBERALISM: OUTLINE
I. INTRODUCTION.
A. Raging debate over multiculturalism permeates nearly every facet of academic endeavor. Political philosophers are as embroiled in these discussions as any others. Theoretical traditions are being reexamined in light of demands for group representation in political participation and resource distribution.
II ROOTS OF THE PROBLEM.
A. Every ethnic group that has migrated to America has ..."
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The Core of Liberalism: An Analysis of Liberty, 2006.
A discussion on John Stuart Mill's views and beliefs on liberalism.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 102.95
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Abstract
Liberalism arose in Europe in the seventeenth century in the midst of extreme, protracted ethnic, religious and class conflict. For more than three hundred years, liberalism has attempted to establish itself as guiding force in human society despite the political and economic resistance imposed by self-interested agendas and identities. Staunch defenders of liberty such as John Stuart Mill believed that individual liberty is the foundational core of liberalism, and is the driving force behind the diverse development of humanity. This paper discusses Mill's notion of individual liberty and liberalism, which held that liberty is of fundamental importance because it enables each individual to seek out and explore his or her own individual path in life.
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Fundamentalism as a Response to Liberalism, 2006.
This paper compares and contrasts fundamentalism and liberalism.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 167.95
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Abstract
This paper, based on Macedo, refers to Rorty and others, to explain present antipathy between liberalism and fundamentalism. The writer points out that liberalism has usually found its solution in all matters of religion in toleration, but fails to recognize that liberalism represents a kind of fundamentalism. The writer makes reference to Fromm and uses an example from Martin Luther King Jr. Further, the writer describes kinds of fundamentalism and what they may indicate of liberalism's failings.
From the Paper
"Liberalism has results other than the growing freedom or happiness posited by Utilitarian and later thought. Fundamentalism, as discussed by Macedo among others, indicates liberalism's failings when approaching human anxieties that may be expressed in a 'return to the past' as held up by fundamentalism. Macedo states that religious toleration, at first, does not seem to have much to do with contemporary political philosophy as it expects a firm separation of the religious and the secular. However, large questions facing political philosophy in the present happen to have to do with matters of not just religion but religious fundamentalism."
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