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U.S. Legal Drinking Age, 2002.
A paper arguing against the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 in the U.S. which raised the legal drinking age to 21.
975 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper argues against the Constitution's raising of the legal drinking age to 21 years nationwide. The paper discusses the rise in alcoholism among teenagers since the act came into effect in 1984 and several other reasons why the law should be removed. Finally, it touches on the the fact that the law can be seen as unconstitutional for it clearly favors federal jurisdiction where there should be none.
From the Paper
"At age 18, an American can vote, fight and die in a war, marry, own homes and cars, and even firearms. But these rights somehow do not measure up to the right to drink beer, wine, and spirits. The spectre of Prohibition loomed when Americans decided that alcohol consumption was so sacred and powerful that citizens can vote before they can consume alcohol legally. The paradox is astounding but fails to impress American puritanical standards."
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Legal Drinking Age in the U.S., 2005.
Presents arguments in favor of keeping the minimum drinking age at 21.
984 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper considers arguments both opposed to a minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) of 21 and in favor of a MLDA and then concludes with arguments in favor of a MLDA. The paper includes statistics regarding the effects of a MLDA, which support the author's conclusion.
From the Paper
"Proponents of lowering the drinking age argue that young people under the age of 21 tend to drink in a more abuse manner than do those of legal age, as alcohol is seen as a ?forbidden fruit?. One such proponent is Dr. Ruth Engs, Professor of Applied Health Sciences at Indiana University in Bloomington. According to Engs (Alcohol and Youth Issues, 2004): ?Although the legal purchase age is 21, a majority of young people under this age consume alcohol, and too many of them do so in an irresponsible manner. This is largely because drinking is seen by these youth as an enticing "forbidden fruit," a "badge of rebellion against authority," and a symbol of adulthood.?"
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Legal Drinking Age, 2001.
This paper examines the debate over the legal drinking age.
840 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the pros and cons of lowering the legal drinking age from 21 to 18. The author looks at several issues including the issue of binge drinking, and the amount of alcohol consumed among 18 to 21 year olds. The author points out the absurdity by showing that at 18 you can get married, vote, be drafted, assume debt and even buy a gun, but in many states, you cannot drink. The political debate over lowering the drinking age is also examined.
From the Paper
"The problems associated with driving and drinking have not decreased due to raising the legal drinking age to 21 years old.Among the ?binge? drinkers (those consuming over five drinks at one sitting at least once a week), eighteen percent of students over age 21 classify themselves as heavy drinkers compared to twenty-two percent of those under 21 years of age (Engs 1b). So even though drunk driving problems have decreased over the last two decades, there has been an increase in lower grades, missing classes, getting into fights and vomiting after drinking (Engs 1b). Society?s approach to controlling underage drinking is not working and is in fact counterproductive(Engs)."
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The Legal Drinking Age in the USA, 2008.
A discussion on the current laws in USA regarding drinking alcohol.
2,417 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the legal age for alcohol consumption in the USA with the author making a case that the national drinking age minimum should be 18 rather than the current age of 21. The author includes reference to several laws that have been introduced in the past, finishing his argument by stating that not lowering the legal limit is diminishing the freedom of this age group.
From the Paper
"It could be a weekly experience in reading any number of national newspapers, watching a national cable news broadcast, or overhearing a conversation in a grocery store check-out line, another teen tragedy of drinking. Almost as often there is discussion of the current level of American Armed Forces casualties in any number of the theaters of in the armed conflict our nation is embroiled in. A common thread between the two is the age of the focus of conversation, 18 years old. On one hand an eighteen year old youth is old enough to bravely fight and pay the ultimate price in the defense of the country, yet they are not old enough to participate in an activity that is perfectly legal (at the proper age), socially acceptable, and encourage by popular culture. There are a number of very important responsibilities that society expects of the eighteen year old, yet polling data indicates that the some society is opposed to letting this same age legally drink alcohol. We are blessed to live in a free society, and the proper way is regulate illegal activity, the sometime unfortunate consequences of alcohol consumption, not ban the activity altogether. This is an issue of personal freedom and responsibility. A free society expects its members to behave within legal parameters, not lord over its members like "Big Brother" or an omnipresent nanny."
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United States Drinking Age, 2005.
An analysis of the advantages of lowering the legal drinking age in the U.S.
712 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, if the legal drinking age was lowered, it would have a great effect on the American society. It contends that alcoholism would drop greatly due to the better awareness young adults would have about alcohol and therefore the crime rate would drop, helping to raise the moral values of the United States. Another indirect effect would be the huge increase in sale of liquor stores.
From the Paper
"Alcohol abuse is a major issue in the United States. Fourteen million American adults, or seven point four percent of the population, are estimated to be an alcoholic. Alcoholism starts at an early age when teenagers start to drink (Academic American Encyclopedia, 1998). By prohibiting young people to purchase alcohol, it creates the idea that drinking is for adults. Teenagers yearning to be adults start to drink. With twenty-one being the legal drinking age, teenagers have to hide their drinking from police and parents. With a devious attitude, it doesn't encourage responsible drinking, so when they get the chance, there is more of a "let's make up for lost time" attitude (Febuary 1996)."
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Minimum Drinking Age, 2008.
An argument against the lowering of the legal drinking age in Montana.
1,080 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the many arguments for lowering the legal drinking age, but refutes them and strongly contends that keeping the drinking age at the status quo is imperative to preserve the health and safety of youths who lack proper judgment and maturity. The paper argues that in light of all the evidence that the legal drinking age saves lives, Montana must resist the urge to lower the age to 18.
From the Paper
"In the 1970s a campaign took place on the national level to increase the legal alcohol consumption age to 21 rather than the then standard 18. In the years since then numerous campaigns have sprouted up around the country both opposing the "21" year old limit, as well as supporting the status quo. Organizations such as MADD, mothers against drunk driving, claim that the age restriction has saved more than 21,000 lives since its inception. However, numerous statistical comparisons have shown that other factors may have influenced the decline in alcohol related deaths since the 1970s. Regardless of these truisms a campaign has revived in Montana to lower the legal drinking age to 18. Although there are many arguments for lowering the legal drinking age, these arguments for the most part are extremely fallacious. Keeping the drinking age at the status quo is imperative to preserve the health and safety of youths who lack proper judgment and maturity."
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Drinking Age, 2005.
A discussion on the legal drinking age.
690 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper presents several views on what the legal age should be for drinking. The author then takes the view that the legal age should be 21 and supports that view with statistics and other factual data.
From the Paper
"The question of what the legal drinking age should be has supporters in every age bracket. Some people think the age should be at least because legalizing drinking for earlier age groups starts them drinking ..."
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The Minimum Drinking Age, 2005.
An argument for the minimum drinking age to be lowered to eighteen years of age.
2,237 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the minimum drinking age in the United States and the reasons that this age has been deemed appropriate by authorities. It then presents several reasons why the present minimum drinking age should be lowered and looks at statistical evidence that supports this contention. It concludes by making the point that at eighteen years of age,a citizen can die for his/her country, get married and divorced, apply for credit, and move out of his/her parents' home ; therefore, he/she should also be allowed to drink.
From the Paper
"In America, when a person reaches the age of 18 he can die for his country, obtain credit, get married, get divorced and be charged in criminal court. By all appearances the age of 18 sets the stage for adulthood and all that it entails. In a curious contradiction to that, however, America insists on maintaining a drinking age of 21 years old. While 18 year olds can do all of the above except drink, individual states, under the threat of reduced federal interstate funding, keep the legal age of drinking at 21 years of age. The minimum legal drinking age should be lowered to 18 because it (age) is not a contributing factor in the number of accidents/deaths that involve young people between 18 and 21 in the United States."
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Drinking Age, 2005.
An examination on the drinking age controversy.
2,530 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 126.95
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Abstract
This paper examines both sides of the drinking age controversy, the argument for lowering the age to 18 and that for keeping it at 21. Moral and ethical arguments are also presented.
From the Paper
"The appropriate legal age for drinking alcohol has long been a matter of debate. College students and other teenagers believe they should be allowed to drink while many parents and other authorities feel ..."
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The Drinking Age, 2002.
A study of the effectiveness of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984, and the conservative political movement behind the law.
1,050 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper argues for the repeal the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984. It states that the law denies the pre-eminence of states? rights and is unconstitutional. The paper describes the special interest groups? influence on politicians through the example of the lobby group, Mothers Against Drunk Driving. The paper also addresses the issues of drunk driving and alcohol abuse prevention.
From the Paper
"The United States, along with only a handful of other countries, enforces the world?s highest minimum drinking age: 21. This conservative constraint occurred fairly recently: the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 effectively blackmailed all states into adopting a standard drinking age. By 1987, all fifty states established the federal standard because to not do so would entail losing highway funding. This political blackmail was necessary, for this is a states? rights issue. Until the Reagan years, the drinking age was determined on a state-by-state basis and ranged from 18 to 21. However, with pressure from special interest groups like Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), a dangerous precedent was established to usurp states? rights. The motives behind the 1984 bill were admirable: raising the drinking age was expected to lower the incident of traffic fatalities and discourage irresponsible intoxication."
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Raising the Age of Legality For Tobacco Use, 2002.
A discussion of the pros and cons of raising the legal age for smoking in the U.S. from 18 to 21.
971 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the cases for and against the making of smoking legal at 18 or at 21. It uses the arguments that if a man can fight for his country at 18 he should be allowed to smoke and if the smoking age is raised, there will be fewer people addicted. It also examines the results of a research study devised to gauge the support or detraction of the idea to raise the legal age of use of tobacco products. The results concluded that the majority of participants believed the age should remain at 18.
From the Paper
"The legal age for smoking today is 18-years old. Within recent years there have been many discoveries about the harms and dangers of smoking that were not previously known. With this increasing knowledge there has been discussion about raising the legal age for tobacco use and purchase to 21. California entertained the idea of a law that would change the age to 21 in that state and other states are talking about the same possibility. Taking something away from adults is something that sparks heated debates in many circles and this survey was used to determine its merit(Whereat, 1998)."
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Maryland - The Legal Age of Consent, 2001.
This paper is a critical analysis of the very young legal age of consent in Maryland.
1,075 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the problematic age of legal consent in the United States in general and Maryland specifically. It analyzes the importance of maturity in making this decision and argues that maturity and reason is not necessarily decided by age. The author sees that the law seems to divert focus to age rather than to consent. It gives an example of a story about minors having consensual sex but not necessarily willingly. It concludes that children who are immature should be protected from rash decisions in order to make sure they don't get emotionally and physically scarred.
From the Paper
"Here?s something you probably didn?t know, boys and girls! According to the ?Legal Age of Consent Website,? the legal age of consent in the state of Maryland is fifteen. In layperson?s terms this means that before the age of fifteen, even if you want to say ?yes, yes, yes,? a la Meg Ryan in ?When Harry Met Sally,? certain rules and restrictions may apply. This is reasonable, correct? After all, you are minors. You all have certain special legal protections and privileges (Such as making sure your legal guardian gives you bread, McDonald?s milkshakes, and board. Such as the fact mall security noticed those platform shoes you just happened to walk out of Delia?s with won?t be a part of your permanent record). Why shouldn?t the law also reserve an interest in protecting you from your own potential lapses in judgment so you can better become a happy and healthy adult? The image of a fifteen-year-old-girl dating a college student probably not only seems like a huge lapse to your parents and to the world at large but to many of your own minds as well."
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Legal Age for Alcoholic Consumption, 2004.
Makes several arguments against lowering the legal age for alcohol consumption.
1,112 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that lack of maturity in adolescence, the link between increased criminal activity and alcohol consumption, the link between alcohol consumption at a young age and illicit drug use, and the high rate of alcohol-related deaths among young people are factors that overwhelmingly point to the need for a high legal age for alcohol consumption.
From the Paper
"Due to the immaturity and lack of reasoning skills demonstrated by adolescents in their late teens, it is crucial for the legal age of consumption to be 21 rather than eighteen. Although the difference in age is only three years, a lot of maturation and responsibility is gained in this short time span. Often young adults have completed or nearly completed college in these three years, or have taken on the responsibility of a full time job. Many young adults move out of their parents? homes and establish their own lives that they must support independently through earning an income and behaving in a responsible manner. This increase in responsibility and maturity translates into a better understanding of the consequences yielded by one?s actions and better decision-making. A twenty-one year old is better equipped through life experience to make responsible decisions regarding alcohol consumption than an eighteen year old is."
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Legality of U.S. Invasion of Iraq, 2004.
An examination of international codes of law in order to determine whether the U.S. invasion of Iraq was legal.
3,102 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 130.95
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Abstract
This paper points out that there are three underlying concepts that must be assessed in determining whether, under international law, the United States? invasion of Iraq in 2003 was legal or not. The first of these is the United Nations? principle that conflicts should not be resolved unilaterally, but rather with the consensus of that body. The second is the Geneva Conventions principle against targeting civilian populations and civilian infrastructure not justified by military objectives. The third is the necessity of an individual state to protect itself; that is, the United States.
From the Paper
"Before one even begins to look at what experts in international law believe about the invasion, it is necessary to consider this: both the United Nations Charter and the Geneva Conventions protocols have been used to justify various forms of international actions in the past, so it is not possible, without the incident actually landing in an international tribunal, to definitively say that the U.S. invasion of Iraq was legal or not. All that is possible at the moment is providing the full range of expert opinions regarding the subject. Still, the main focus in determining the legality or illegality of the act must remain the United Nations. Founded in order to prevent foster nations? settling disputes without the need for force, its Charter is the foundation on which relations between sovereign states is governed. In addition, justification for the action is a proper concept to consider: the principles set forth in the United Nations Charter are imprecise, leaving room for proving that a nation?s actions were consistent with the letter and spirit of the articles in question."
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Legalized Gambling in the U.S., 1993.
A look at the history, legislation with examples in New Jersey and on the Indian reservations, politics, religion and economics.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 91.95
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From the Paper
"The Legalization of Gambling in the United States
This paper will examine the history of legal gambling in the United States, the experiences of New Jersey and Indian tribes with legal casino gaming, and the arguments for and against legal gambling.
Legal gambling in the United States has a history which goes back to the earliest colonial period. The first permanent colonial settlement, Jamestown, was financed in large part by private lotteries in England. The colony itself quickly earned a reputation for gambling in the early 17th Century; settlers were even reputed to have bet their indentured servants in games. Blamed for the settlement's near failure, however, most serious forms of gambling were outlawed in the colony by 1612 (Findlay, 1986, pp. 12-13)."
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A Change in the Drinking Laws, 2002.
This research paper examines and analyzes the pros of lowering the legal drinking age in the United States from twenty-one to eighteen.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 115.95
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Abstract
This research paper examines and analyzes the pros of lowering the legal drinking age in the United States from twenty-one to eighteen. The author provides statistical, practical, cultural, and psychological reasons for changing the present law.
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