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Nuremberg Laws vs. Jim Crow Laws, 2008.
A comparison of the practical differences between the Nuremberg Laws in Germany and the Jim Crow Laws in the United States and the racism upon which each of these legal systems was based.
8,467 words (approx. 33.9 pages), 46 sources, APA, AU$ 194.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the Nuremberg Laws in Germany with the Jim Crow Laws in the United States. It discusses each of these areas of racial regulation in turn and then further examines the subtle distinctions and clear practical differences between the dangerous racism upon which each of these legal systems was based. The paper includes APA style footnotes but does not include a bibliography.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Jim Crow Laws in the United States and Nuremberg Laws in Germany
The Protection of Ethnic Purity: Similarities in Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws' Regulation of Interracial Relationships and Underlying Legislative Intent
The Protection of Ethnic Purity: Contrast within in the Nuremberg and Jim Crow Laws on Interracial Relationships
Segregation in Education: Further Parallels in the Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws
Segregation in Education: Contrasting Aspects of the Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws
The Deprivation of Civil Rights: Similar Laws and Practices Causing "Civil Death" of African-Americans in the United States and Jews in Nazi Germany
The Deprivation of Civil Rights: The Final Solution and the Purely Aryan State, and Further Examples of Where Nuremberg and Jim Crow Differ
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This huge disparity can be best explained by referring back to one of the most predominant differences in the purposes of the racially hierarchical systems in place in each country. The Jim Crow laws were passed because Southern state lawmakers were struggling to protect and preserve the white supremacy that they had always lived with, and prevent African-American advancement as a necessary part of this objective. Yet in Germany, the Nazi party's goal was always the total extermination of all undesirables, including Jews, and the legislative deprivation of citizenship was at least in some respects merely a means to that end. Finally, to go along with this fundamental difference, there is one last similarity between the racial laws of these countries: the painful memories of both the Holocaust and the Jim Crow era, and all of the violations of rights, liberties and freedoms that comprised both of these experiences, are certainly still fresh in the recollection of all nations involved, and are still highly prominent historical issues today even as those who lived through these events are increasingly no longer with us."
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Zipf's Law and Benford's Law, 2007.
An analysis of the mathematical significance and applications of Zipf's Law and Benford's Law.
1,279 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses both Zipf's Law and Benford's Law. It describes the theories of each law in detail and discusses how they can be applied to various situations. It describes Zipf's Law as not a theoretical law, but rather an experimental law. The paper then discusses the significance of these two laws to the field of mathematics.
From the Paper
"However, there is some lack of precision where this is concerned. Most items have to occur a number of times that is actually an integer (Li, n.d.). In other words, a word that is seen within a document cannot appear in that document 2.5 number of times. It either must appear, in this example, 2 times or three times, since there cannot be an area of the document where only 1/2 of the word appears. Despite the fact that there is some variation and lack of precision, however, when wide ranges are examined and one only desires to have a relatively close approximation, many of the natural phenomena that are seen in this world do obey Zipf's law (Li, n.d.). This is seen to hold true as long as the individual examining the issue is not looking for scientific precision and will accept the slight variation that is seen."
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American Law and Jewish Law, 2003.
Discusses the similarities and differences between American law and Jewish law (the Halakha).
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the similarities and differences between American law and Jewish law (the Halakha) in terms of change, obedience and morality. It discusses each legal systems' approach to obeying the law, law and change, and the nexus between law and morality.
From the Paper
"In discussing the idea of law legal scholar Dennis Lloyd stated that contemporary law in Western society is very much the product of influences emanating from the ancient Greeks and Hebrews who individually brought a ..."
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Case Law and Statute Law, 2005.
A theoretical comparison of these two sources of English law.
834 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to define the differences between England's common and statute laws. It looks at how the laws are formed as well as their fundamental purpose. It examines how statute is interpreted and acted upon by the courts and how it follows that precedents are formed as new cases arise. It also demonstrates how over time, statute will become part of common law as judges follow previous decisions in new cases where applicable.
From the Paper
"For political bills or proposals to become statute, that is to become Acts of Parliament, they must first be debated in the House of Commons (this is made up of elected representatives of the wider public, Members of Parliament or MPs). However, this is just the start if the process: the proposed legislation must then be accepted by MPs by way of a successful vote and further ratified by acceptance in the House of Lords. The House of Lords is the supreme court in Britain and may refuse to pass the law; but a bill can be forced through using the Parliament Act if such action is deemed necessary for Parliament to fulfil its obligation to make laws in the best interests of the nation. "
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Competency to Stand Trial in American Law and New York Law, 2000.
A brief look at the notion of competency or fitness to stand trial, as the notion has been shaped and changed since the 1960s.
2,235 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 14 sources, AU$ 75.95
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From the Paper
"The history of the doctrine of competency to stand trial arose in English common law out of a concern for fairness in the trial of accused persons who, if found guilty of criminal charges, would suffer deprivations of liberty and other penalties. One of the earliest United States Supreme Court cases (Dusky v. United States,1960) determined that a defendant's competency to stand trial depended on "whether he has sufficient present ability to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding" and "whether he has a rational as well as factual understanding of the proceedings against him"."
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Social Law and Statutory Law, 2006.
An overview of the juvenile justice system in the U.S. and how it deals with juvenile delinquency.
932 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the juvenile justice system in the United States, explaining the reasons why it is separated from the regular crime system and how it is influenced by the political and social conditions of the state. Particular attention is paid to the juvenile justice system in California and how the system has increasingly focused on incarceration rather than rehabilitation. Finally, the paper discusses evidence indicating that mental health services at an early age are highly effective in treating potential juvenile offenders and turning them away from a life of crime.
From the Paper
"The main object of separating the juvenile justice system from the regular crime system had been on the assumption that minors were different from adults in their ability to make decisions and understand consequences, "The juvenile justice system has evolved over the years based on the premise that juveniles are different from adults and juveniles who commit criminal acts generally should be treated differently from adults" (Roberts, 2005). It was observed that the younger the offender, the more likely that a repeat offense would be stopped and a change in behavior would be observed. It was, therefore, thought that youngsters should be given the benefit of the doubt and should not be treated as adult offenders."
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Local Law Enforcement of Immigration Laws, 2006.
A discussion regarding the controversial topic of illegal immigration.
1,228 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the problem of illegal immigration into the USA. According to the paper, recent attempts to address the issue through local enforcement may have unsuspecting consequences and a negative impact on the Latino communities.
From the Paper
"According to critics, the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 led to the legalization of vast numbers of undocumented immigrants as a means of reducing unsanctioned immigration, however its main effect was to reinforce and expand established cross-border migration networks and create a thriving business in fraudulent documents (Nevins). These unintended consequences laid the foundation for the anti-immigration backlash that eventually emerged during the 1990's, partially due to political and bureaucratic entrepreneurs who sparked public sentiment by focusing on the border as both the source of the problem and the site of policy solution (Nevins). Others argue that the backlash was not merely against illegal immigrants, but was rather directed against immigrants in general, particularly "the nonwhite, non-English speaking, and the relatively poor" (Nevins). These concerns resulted in a declaration of "war" against unauthorized immigrants which led to a short-term shift in INS (Immigration and Naturalization Service) policing tactics along the Mexico-U.S. border and to the massive infusion of enforcement-related resources, such as California's Operation Gatekeeper (Nevins). "
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Consumer Laws in the United Kingdom, 2002.
This paper uses a case study to examine United Kingdom Consumer Laws and Consumer criminal laws. The laws are meant to protect consumers against defective and unsafe products and services.
16,682 words (approx. 66.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 270.95
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Abstract
United Kingdom Consumer Laws and Consumer criminal Laws are meant to protect consumers against defective and unsafe products and services. They can be invoked if a consumer feels he was taken for a ride and given product or service, which did not meet his needs or was faulty in any sense. We need to understand that certain conditions apply when these laws are made use of to bring charges against a trader. For example, the nature of product or service doesn't count at all but the length of use; special seller instructions, representation of a product etc. play a dominant role in determining the exact nature of breach of contract between the seller and the consumer.
Proposal-Introduction
Executive Summary
-------Rights and Liabilities-Used car
-------Rights and Liabilities-Seat cover
-------Rights and Liabilities- Cell batteries
-------Rights and Liabilities-Re-roofing
-------Rights and liabilities-Dogs
Conclusions/Recommendations
From the Paper
"Eleanor and Nicos needed to purchase a second-hand car and visited Solid Cars for this purpose. There they found a Range Rover, which was being offered for L2,000. The salesman informed them the original engine of the Rover had been replaced with a reconditioned engine. After initial discussions with the salesman, they agreed to purchase the vehicle through their debit card. The salesman however told them few things, which later proved to be incorrect and caused them several problems during test-drive."
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Homicide Laws, 2002.
A comparison between the Balckstone laws and the laws against homicide in America.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper compares Blackstone's laws to the USA RCW in terms of homicide.
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Employment Laws, 2006.
This paper discusses federal and state, especially Texas, employment laws.
1,185 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that federal employment laws recognize the power position of employers and endeavor to make this employee relationship "fair and equitable" without exploitation. The author points out that the states are the major providers of employment resources and are required to implement the federal employment laws, which generally are the guidelines for the state laws. The paper relates that Texan laws on employment protection are generally conform to the federal laws; however, they may have some additional provisions such as providing a cap for damage awards for violations of non-discrimination laws. Listing of several specific laws.
Table of Contents
Federal Employment Laws
State Employment Laws
Texas Law on Employment Protection
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Every individual has the nature to pursue his/her interests. But when it comes to working together, these interests may often collide with each other's. Therefore, there has to be a balancing act which should ensure the protection of interests of everyone. With a multitude of laws, regulations, statutes and other considerations in the area of employment law, the federal government, through Title VII of the Civil Rights Act (1964), has created a basic framework for employers to ensure that employees are treated fairly on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability, or age, thus reducing their liabilities. One of the outcomes of our forefather's leap into the American experiment is the ability of individual states to enact laws pertaining to their unique situations."
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Child Labor Laws, 2006.
A discussion of child labor laws in the US, looking at background information, history, reform measures and current laws.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses child labor laws in the United States. It starts off by discussing the history of child labor in this country and why there was a great need for reform. It also tells the reader the struggle that reformers went through to get child labor laws on the books. Next, the laws regarding child labor are discussed for today's times. The consequences of violating the laws are also mentioned.
From the Paper
"The United States government has enacted many laws and regulations over the years to protect the rights of workers in this country from unfair labor practices, employment discrimination and abuse. One of the groups of people that the government has enacted this type of legislation to protect is that of children, some of the most vulnerable workers. Throughout this paper I will examine child labor laws in the United States. I will give the background for such laws and the history of child labor in this country, including situations which created the needs for these laws. Furthermore, I will discuss how these laws have evolved over the years and what effect child labor laws have on the workplace today. Although child labor is not a big issue today as far more youth are in school than working during current times, this was not always the case."
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The Laws of Moses and Hammurabi, 2004.
A comparative analysis of the ancient laws of Moses and Hammurabi.
2,333 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the laws of the ancient world demonstrate a consistency with the laws of the present and how they prove, without a doubt, that the challenges of the human condition have been and remain similar in scope and temptation. In particular, it looks at how this true of the laws of Moses and the laws of Hammurabi, even though the ways in which these two sets of laws differ are also very visible. It shows how Hammurabi is a comprehensive and practical canon set within the context of a real-world need for comprehensive laws of man, while the laws of Moses offer a generalized guideline of morality in the world of man as seen by God.
From the Paper
"The issue of judgment demonstrates very clearly the differences between the laws of Hammurabi and the laws of the Books of Moses, with regard to the real nature of the ways in which humanity fails. The former is a comprehensive edict of right and wrong doing while the later is a moral guidepost for believers in the lord. Within the Hammurabi text it becomes clear that the intent of the actor is absolutely unimportant, as the act of wrong doing, or presumable wrongdoing is the one and only reason for judgment and punishment, yet within the laws of Moses even the intent is punishable within the confines of faith and eternity."
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Campaign Finance Laws, 2007.
A comparison of the campaign finance laws of Montana and Florida with particular emphasis on the laws regulating campaign finance issues.
1,092 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the campaign finance laws of Montana and Florida, in an attempt to understand the primary differences between the legislative measures of the two states. Additionally, the paper discusses which campaign finance laws appear to be the fairest and most successful laws, in terms of their ability to control and regulate campaign finance issues.
From the Paper
"In comparison to Montana, however, Florida only allows all others in the community a $500 contribution. Children under the age of 18 are not allowed to exceed a $100 contribution, and no candidate can accept contributions from national, state, or county political party executive committee whose aggregate exceeds $50,000. There are still other limitations, such as limits on contributions from investment and law firms, and businesses (FL, 3).
"Furthermore, Florida limits the contributions from certain institutions of higher learning. According to the law, any educational institution wishing to contribute must first obtain a majority vote from the governing board of the institution. Without such a majority vote, the educational institution cannot contribute, either through monetary or through any indirect support (FL, 3)."
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Federal and Maryland Employment Laws, 2005.
An overview of how Maryland employment laws differ from general federal employment laws.
991 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the federal and Maryland state systems of government differ in their application of employment laws. For the most part, the State of Maryland utilizes most of the same employment laws as those mandated by the federal government. It shows that the Maryland Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation's Division of Labor and Industry is the governing body for wage and employment law in the state.
From the Paper
"The minimum wage (with some exceptions) is $5.15 per hour in Maryland, just as it is at the federal level. The workweek is 40 hours, and any time worked over 40 hours must be paid as time-and-a-half. The exceptions to this are certain retail mechanics, partspersons, or salespersons who sell or service cars, farm equipment, trailers or trucks, taxicab drivers, executive, administrative and professional employees who meet certain criteria, outside salesmen, commissioned employees, a child, parent, spouse, or other member of the employer's immediate family, and employees of a movie theater ("Maryland Guide," 2004). In addition, agricultural workers in the state must be paid overtime after working 60 hours in a week, and some health care institutions (not hospitals) and bowling alleys pay overtime after 48 hours worked in one week."
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Rockefeller Drug Laws, 2004.
A discussion of the need to remove the Rockefeller Drug Laws from the New York State penal code.
1,286 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Rockefeller Drug Laws and, in particular, discusses the need for their reform. Supporting information is presented to show that these laws, which require vary harsh prison terms for the sale of small quantities of drugs, are disproportionate to the nature of the crime. It looks at how these laws are over thirty years old and were originally passed during Nelson Rockefeller's administration in the 1970s, when drug use was associated with antiwar demonstrations, hippies, and "flower power". This paper reviews the laws, discusses the negative impact of these laws on the individual as well as the state, and discusses the alternatives to these laws and the current political climate regarding these laws.
From the Paper
"The Rockefeller Drug Laws have often been referred to as harsh, draconian legislation that caused more harm than good. According to the Campaign for Effective Criminal Justice (CECJ), "these laws have forced the incarceration of tens of thousands of non-violent, addicted individuals who use or sell small quantities of drugs, and condemned hundreds of offenders who are not major drug kingpins to prison sentences as long or even longer than those imprisoned for murder or rape. These laws deprive children of their parents, waste enormous human and financial resources, and fail to address effectively the addiction that underlies most drug offenses" (CECJ, 2002)."
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Enforcing Statutory Rape Laws, 2006.
This paper examines the current laws regarding statutory rape while stressing the need for stricter implementation and enforcement of these same laws which prohibit sexual relations between adults and minors.
739 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the growing problem of teenage pregnancies in America, which, can, in some part, be attributed to sexual relationships between minor females and adult men. The writer of this paper examines the argument, which states that enforcing these rape laws will result in a reduction of teenage pregnancy rates. The writer contends that if teen pregnancy rates are reduced, the existing burden on the welfare system will be substantially relieved as a result. This paper explores the current statutory rape laws, in which relations between adults and minors are referred to as rape, sexual abuse and unlawful sexual conduct. The seriousness of the charges vary, based on the age of the victim, or the span of years between the victim and the perpetrator. This paper explores the strategies of various states, such as Delaware and California, that are leveling civil penalties against the perpetrators of crimes against minors.
From the Paper
"While all states currently have laws forbidding sexual activity between adults and minors, the variation in laws and application are enormous. The relations between adults and minors are referred to as rape, sexual abuse, unlawful sexual conduct and other epithets. The seriousness of the charge can vary, based on the age of the victim, or the span of years between the victim and the perpetrator. It should also be noted that most of these laws are not gender neutral and are usually applied solely to young women and girls. Even so, the laws are notoriously difficult to prosecute. The women involved are often, understandably, unwilling to give testimony against their partner. Several states are looking to recoup the cost of the teenaged pregnancy to the social service system by leveling civil penalties against the perpetrator."
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