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Latin American Government: From Dictators to Democracy, 2002.
This paper discusses Latin American governments in the context of history and examines how and why authoritarian governments developed.
2,350 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 104.95
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Abstract
The following paper examines the factors that contributed to socio-economic problems in Latin America in the past , as well as looks at the sustainability of democracy in Latin America. This paper discusses the significant socio-economic difficulties based upon the faltering economies of larger trading partners, income inequality, political polarization and corruption. The writer examines how in the past dictators cared more for maintaining their own power and the privilege of their own supporters than they did for the welfare of their people and countries. The writer argues that the success and continuation of democracy depends on the patience of the people to see the long-term results of regional initiatives. This paper contends that if people support the type of government that promotes the satisfaction of the most basic of needs, well-fed and employed people will not initiate revolutions.
From the Paper
?Going into the new millennium, Latin America seems to be poised for active participation as a part of an increasingly global social and economic environment, perhaps more than other developing regions. According to the current Bush Administration, it is virtually all democratic, there are no cross-border disputes, no ethnic conflicts, and there are no immediate threats of terrorism to the West coming from the area (Associated Press, 2002).Security cooperation has been shown in confidence-building measures among historical rivals in the region and peacekeeping operations in Central America and the Caribbean. Terms such as multilateralism, regionalism, consensus, and convergence appear in descriptions of hemispheric relations released by the World Bank and other entities sharing a belief in the positive potential of these factors.?
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E-Government: Digital Democracy, 2000.
A discussion about what e-government is and its effectiveness.
6,488 words (approx. 26.0 pages), 27 sources, AU$ 215.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on Government to Citizen (G2C) transactions mainly in the US. These include citizens? services and digital democracy. The concept of electronic government is to provide services and information to citizens electronically, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. As the demand for electronic services increases, governments are challenged to provide these services to citizens. Digital democracy may be defined as any electronic exchange of value in the democratic process. The spectrum includes Online Campaigns, Internet Voting, and Constituency Participation.
What is e-government?
Citizens Services
Digital Democracy
Political Online Campaigning
Disadvantages of Web advertising
Online Fund Raising
Internet Voting
On-line Voting Initiatives
Why Internet voting?
Requirements of an Internet voting system
Security Problems meeting requirements of an Internet voting system
Implementation Problems
Vision
The Impact of the Internet on Democracy
Direct Democracy
Representative Democracy
Digital Divide
Conclusion ? The year 2005
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Government and Democracy, 2008.
This paper explores whether the rule of law limits or enhances democracy, specifically in reference to the United Kingdom.
2,716 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 16 sources, APA, AU$ 117.95
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Abstract
The paper examines what a democracy is in order to determine whether the UK's democratic government is capable of endorsing the rule of law. The paper then considers the ways in which the deliberative model of democracy may benefit the citizen, while also taking a realistic, critical approach of why this theory may not succeed using Joseph Schumpeter's market theory of democracy as a main source. Finally, the paper determines whether the rule of law does in fact limit or enhance the UK's democracy and argues that the rule of law is limiting democratic rule.
Outline:
Introduction
What Comprises a Democracy
Models of Democracy Disputed
The Relevance of the Rule of Law within a Democracy
Conclusion:
From the Paper
"The importance of understanding what form legitimate government should take is, according to Lock and Hobbes, in order to realise the "conditions for security, peace and freedom." ("Held 78) Although the concept of democracy has existed for thousands of years it has only recently reasserted itself within the United Kingdom's contemporary governmental domain. During the fifteenth to the eighteenth century "two different forms of political regime were dominant in Europe: 'the absolute' monarchies of France, Prussia, Austria...and the 'constitutional' monarchies and republics of England." (Held 70) Paradoxically, from this absolutist regime emerged a democratic government since "as the state's administrative centres became more powerful...the increase in administrative power increased the state's dependence on cooperative forms and social relations". (Held72) This founding of democracy legitimizes Locke's concern that the democratic government is egoistic because the concentration of power is focused more on the state than the citizen."
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Presidential Democracy vs. Other Forms of Government, 2000.
A discussion about which political system is the best.
2,014 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 1 source, AU$ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the advantages of a presidential democracy over other forms of government such as a parliamentary democracy or authoritarian government.
From the Paper
"Because we live in a democracy (specifically, a presidential democracy) we see the flaws in other forms of government. We know that there are certain rights that should be guaranteed and protected by the government and most Americans view democracy as the best political system in existence. However, if we were living in a country that was relatively economically backward and had a different type of political culture, we might not consider democracy the best system to govern the people. When debating which system is the ideal one for country, tradeoffs are involved. Sacrifices must be made to formulate the best governmental situation. "
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Advancing Democracy in Latin America through the Church, 2005.
A look at the state of democracy in Latin America and how the Church can help promote democracy there.
3,381 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 139.95
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Abstract
This paper assesses the current state of democracy in Latin America as well as the cultural, political, social, and economic standing of the Catholic Church so as to understand the role it can play in the promotion of the global interests of the United States of America. The paper also briefly reviews the various religious factions emerging in the region and discusses the potential barriers that may arise should the Catholic Church be used to promote American interests throughout the Latin American countries.
From the Paper
"It is not surprising to note that many scholars in Latin America have emphasized an increased role of the government in maintaining business and cultural ethics along with the growth and development of the economy. This is because the entire Latin America is moving towards free market economy and it is critical to conduct businesses in an ethical manner. Furthermore, many scholars have asserted that it has been extremely difficult to intervene in the social, economic as well as political matters of the state and the scholars blame the principals of neo-liberalism for the inflexibility (Thomas, 2002)."
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Democracy and Inequality in Latin America, 2002.
A look at whether democracy is possible in Latin America.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 128.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses whether or not democracy really exists, or is even possible, in Latin America in light of the acute social, political, and economic inequalities and institutional weaknesses that characterize most of the region. The paper discusses the main problem of inequality existing along economic, racial, gender, and regional lines. Because of this reality, economic growth and "free elections" do not necessarily translate into democracy for the average Latin American citizen.
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Road to Democracy in Latin America, 2007.
An examination of the factors contributing to the less-than-ideal state of democracy in Latin America.
3,090 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 130.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the bumpy road to democracy in Latin America. It explains how, in a region with a long history of autocratic rule, democracy is a relatively new concept and must prove to be more favorable than authoritarian rule. The paper concludes that, because of the effects of transition and international intervention legacies, full democracy has not been meaningfully incorporated into Latin American political culture.
From the Paper
"For the past three decades, Latin America has experienced a steady wave of democratization. While most countries in the region are currently considered democratic, they continue to be plagued with economic instability, violations of human rights and government corruption. Latin American leaders are generally chosen by free elections, but elections alone do not constitute a full democracy. A fully democratic government must be able to protect their civilians' basic rights and meet the demands of the popular will. The less-than-ideal quality of present-day Latin American democracy can be attributed to the manner in which democratic regimes assumed power, the role of international influences and the actual performance of democratic governments."
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Latin American Democracy, 2003.
An examination of whether democracy is successful in Latin America, with focus on Nicaragua.
2,341 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper examines some of the definitions of democracy. Second, a brief overview of the history and attempts of democratization in Latin America, in particular Nicaragua are presented. Finally, this paper analyzes some of the fact regarding the problems as well
as the future of democracy in Nicaragua.
From the Paper
"Two challenges have dominated Latin American politic in the twentieth century.The one is the struggle to overcome persistent poverty and economic underdevelopment and second is the effort to create and consolidate democratic forms of government. In many cases, this transitional period was completed in open and so called ?free elections? as well as an unexpected freedom of press and party organizing. Still, visible poverty, inequality an corruption are core of the problems for majority of Latin American countries that are undergoing the process of democratization."
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Can the Public Govern in a Democracy?, 2007.
This paper explores whether or not the general public is capable and qualified to govern in a participatory democracy.
5,970 words (approx. 23.9 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 205.95
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Abstract
The paper provides an overview of scholarly research on the debate of whether the public is qualified to govern. The paper focuses on four main areas concerning whether the public is capable of governing. These are (1) a lack of political knowledge by the general population; (2) response instability, lack of a coherent ideology and quality of public opinion; (3) individuals governing as a collective unit; and (4) the political environment and citizen competence.
Outline:
Lack of Political Knowledge
Response Instability, Lack of a Coherent Ideology and Quality of Public Opinion
Can the Collective Public Govern?
The Political Environment and Citizen Competence
From the Paper
"Public opinion claims to be the voice of the people, a clear and direct utterance from the citizenry. It is indispensable to the legitimacy of all governments which claim to draw their power from the "consent of the governed," and the very idea of democracy requires the people to take part in political discussion and decision making. In theory, a democracy works best when the people actively attend to public affairs, with their opinions soundly reasoned and logically consistent. However, there is a tension at the core of self-rule and public opinion. On one hand lies the theoretical ideal to be played by the citizenry, and on the other, the reality that the public does not match up to these ideals. Therefore, in a governmental system founded on the principle of "rule by the people," the question is: are the people capable of governing in a participatory democracy?"
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Government, Human Development and Democracy, 2008.
This extensive paper is a research study asking if a democratic systems of governance remain the most ideal form of government to effectively achieve a state's developmental aims.
7,165 words (approx. 28.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 230.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates the connection between the types or forms of government and their performance in terms of the human development index (HDI), which is a more reliable measurement of development as a referent of its effect and contribution to the human person. The author argues that democratic forms of government are better able to provide for the advancement of human development because they allow for more meaningful public participation. The paper indicates that more than 60% of all dominant-assembly-oriented types (mostly referred to as parliamentary systems of government) and 20% of accountable-executive-oriented (mostly referred to as presidential systems) fall within categories regarded as "high human development" and roughly 24 percent of the former and 57% of the latter countries are within the "medium human development" category.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Related Literature
Structures of Government
Table. Riggs's Classification of Polity's (Political Systems)
Democracy and Development
Human Development
Classification of Forms of Government
Table. Classification of Forms of Government Used in the Paper
Human Development Index and Forms of Government
Table. High Human Development
Table. Medium Human Development
Table. Low Human Development
Distribution of Each Governmental Type across HD Levels
Table. Distribution of Each Type of Governmental Form across HD Levels
Table. HDI by Designated Regions and Clusters
Conclusion: Democracy for Human Development
From the Paper
"There are governments as well, which may have plurality in terms of decision-making but it is dispersed among a few like-minded individuals advancing a common cause and not allowing for existence of competing groups or parties. This characterizes the third type of governmental system which still greatly persists in the present era--the ruling-party oriented type (Type 3). Theocratic governments are sub-classified under this since theocratic governments whether multi-party or not, allow a rather very little room for ideological dissent and since their main goals are to conservatively advance a particular religion and way of life and sometimes at the expense of political rights and civil liberties."
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The Government that Governs Best, 2004.
Asks the question: does the government that governs least govern the best?
1,338 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
There are many who believe that a true, freedom-loving democracy consists of a government that stays out of the business of its citizens as much as possible. This paper questions whether a government that does not govern much at all can really be an effective government. Even more importantly, it questions whether a government that does not govern much can protect and preserve the very democracy and freedom that created it in the first place. This paper looks at the writings of Alex de Tocqueville, specifically, his book, "Democracy in America", in order to determine if the government that governs least really is best.
From the Paper
"For most of the history of the United States, the idea that the government should not be very strong and should leave the people mainly to themselves has been a common theme of opinion among both the people and the politicians. It was certainly the common idea of the day when the Articles of Confederation were installed as our first constitution. The Articles of Confederation created a weak, loose league of friendship between the states, but established no real sort of federal government. The federal government it did create had no power beyond what the states gave it. As a result, nothing much ever got done, and the government and the states soon found out that the United States as a whole was not able to pay its bills, regulate its commerce, or ensure domestic tranquility."
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Direct Democracy and Ballot Initiatives in State Government, 2006.
A debate on the impact of ballot results that arise from citizen initiatives with particular reference to events in Nevada.
2,908 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 125.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the impact of citizen initiatives and ballot referendums in political elections in the United States. It argues that culture, political environment and the competitive dynamic of ballot proposals impact the results of citizen initiatives. It also evaluates the outcome of the Nevada initiatives from a few relevant theoretical perspectives to make broader generalizations about why question 5 was successful in the 2006 election. (The author provides brief explanations of questions 4 and 5.)
From the Paper
"Nevada was historically Democratic until the early 1960s when the state began to divide politically, narrowly voting for John Kennedy in 1960 and Richard Nixon in 1968. Nevada state politics have been volatile over the past two decades, with sharp individualist newcomers leaning the state Republican in the 1980s due to heavy business interests. Since supporting Ronald Reagan with more than 60% of the popular vote in the 1980 and 1984 presidential elections, Nevada voters have favored Republicans with a libertarian but often culturally conservative streak (Barone and Cohen 2003). Though it also supported George Bush with 59% of the popular vote in the 1988 presidential election, Nevada gave its electoral votes to Bill Clinton twice in the 1990s. There are 361,465 registered Democrats and 368, 673 registered Republicans in the state, showing that neither party has a sizeable advantage in Nevada (Barone and Cohen 2003). The most influential political actors in the state are Senior Senator Harry Reid (D), Junior Senator John Ensign (R) and Governor Kenny Guinn (R). Before the 2006 elections Reid was the democratic whip in the senate, though he has never won an election by more than 51%. Most state-wide elections in Nevada are heated because of the high citizen turnover rate, making it unlikely that any of the key political actors will take stands on a public initiative (Barone 2003). It is in their interests to remain neutral rather than take sides on such a controversial issue."
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The Government and the Governed, 2004.
Compares and contrasts John Locke's and Jean Rousseau's theories about government and the people it governs.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 138.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the theories put forth by John Lock and Jean Jacques Rousseau concerning the ways that government and those governed should interact. The paper compares and contrasts both theories and examines their differing ideas on ways in which government must act to ensure a stable, orderly, just and prosperous society.
From the Paper
"Two philosophers who have contributed a great deal to an understanding of the relationship between citizens and government are Jean Jacques Rousseau and John Locke. The purpose of this report is to compare and contrast Rousseau's and Locke's theories regarding the ways in which the governed and the government must and should interact in order to ensure the continuation of a society that is stable, orderly and conducive to prosperity, equality and justice for its members. To that end ideas advanced..."
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"Democracy?s Discontent" vs. "Democracy in America", 2003.
A comparison of Alexis de Tocqueville's "Democracy in America" and Michael J. Sandel's "Democracy?s Discontent".
3,845 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 152.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Alexis de Tocqueville in "Democracy in America" and Michael J. Sandel in "Democracy?s Discontent" both address issues of democracy, freedom, the role of government, and the good citizen. It looks at how their viewpoints differ because they write at different times of history. De Tocqueville writes at a time when democracy is a novel ideal. Aristocracy has been the main form of government, and this, therefore, plays a major role in his writing. Sandel, on the other hand, deals with contemporary issues such as the global community and the implications of new technology and diminishing boundaries among people.
From the Paper
"De Tocqueville stresses the importance of civil equality in the achievement of true democracy. This equality implies the lack of divisions and barriers between social classes. This is the equality that he sees in American culture as opposed to European culture that still subscribes to the aristocratic means of government. The democratic ideal implies more freedom than would be possible with an aristocratic government: ?Let us suppose that all the people take a part in the government, and that each one of them has an equal right to take a part in it. As no one is different from his fellows, none can exercise a tyrannical power; men will be perfectly free because they are all entirely equal??(De Tocqueville, Book II, Chapter I)."
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California Government versus the Federal Government, 2007.
A comparison of the executive, legislative and judicial branches of the federal government versus California government.
1,852 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the California Government to the Federal Government. It discusses the United States executive branch, (the presidency), the United States Congress (the legislative branch), the United States federal court system and the federal bureaucracy. The paper then compares the running of the federal government to the California government with regards to its executive branch, the legislative process and the judicial system.
Table of Contents:
The Executive Branch
The Legislative Branch
The Judicial Branch
From the Paper
"One thing that helps keep a separation of power between the three branches is the President's limited lawmaking abilities. The president can recommend laws and changes to laws, but he cannot implement them. Only the Congress can do that. He can however, veto laws that Congress passes and he finds unacceptable. This keeps any one of the three branches from having too much power or influence over the others."
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A Comparison of Modern Democracy and Classical Athenian Democracy, 2002.
Compares modern constitutional democracies and the democracy of classical Athens.
914 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
Discusses the major differences between Athenian democracy and modern democracy. Differences include voting and citizenship rights, gender and background bias in the Athenian social and economic system, the type of representation that each society offered and the 'participation factor' in Athens.
From the Paper
"There are several significant differences between modern constitutional democracies and the democracy of classical Athens. Even though the classical Athenian democracy was a major step forward in political thought, at its height there were still many areas in which it was decidedly unlike any democracy existing today. These differences fall into three major categories: differences in who could vote, in the type of representation, and in the overall participation factor.
One major and clearly recognizable difference is that in the Athenian democracy there was only a certain selected element of the population that was allowed to vote. This difference in voting behavior stems from the fact that the Athenian social and economic system was supportive of the suppression of groups of people according to gender and background in ways that are not acceptable in today?s western cultures.
For example, women were not given full rights of citizenship. They were also socially and economically kept in a subservient role to men. Women?s function was seen as primarily that of propagation and managing a household. Women were not allowed access to the marketplace of ideas that was so important to the Athenians.
These conditions set up an interactive cycle between the social and political institutions; since women were regarded as inferior and not deserving of full citizenship, they were not allowed to vote. However, without the ability to vote, it was very unlikely that any of these restrictions would be modified or lifted. The role of women in Greek society was too firmly entrenched to be easily changed."
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