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Latin America prior to the 20th Century, 2005.
This paper reviews books and articles on Latin America society prior to the 20th century especially the influence of the Catholic Church.
3,945 words (approx. 15.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 155.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, through the literature review, it is obvious that the Catholic Church wielded enormous influence over culture, society, politics and the economy of Latin America and, to a great extent, still does. The author points out that the oppression of women and the fate of the peasants were controlled by the Church who used Catholic superstitions and rituals to control the people. The paper relates that the Church controlled a great deal of the wealth in Latin America, that most clergy lived in affluent conditions in comparison to the members of their churches in other areas and that the church controlled much of the politics with some clergy even serving as politicians. Several long quotes.
From the Paper
"The influence of the Catholic Church over the Republican troops was important. In spite of the brutal battles, in the thirty month war, the evidence of Catholic influence can be seen in Colonel Manuel Rodrigues de Macedo know affectionately as "Fuliao" by his soldiers. "Fuliao was known for his uncouth language but also for having his men pray before and after the fray." However, as in other Latin American countries where the Catholic Church, the disparity of wealth between the peasants and landowners was immense."
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Cultural Patterns in America and Latin America, 2002.
A comparison of cultural patterns in North and Latin America.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 102.95
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Abstract
A 8-page paper outlining the cultural patterns that are existent today in America and Latin America and comparing how their differences could be resolved through common ground rules of interpersonal communication.
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Income Disparities in Latin America, 2002.
This paper discusses income disparities in Latin America: The history, main causes, the different countries, high-income disparities, ethnicity and gender, and possible solutions.
5,725 words (approx. 22.9 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 200.95
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Abstract
This paper states that, although inequality and high levels of income disparity represent major challenges confronting economists and leaders in many parts of the world, the problem is particularly severe in the Latin American countries. The author believes that the root of this phenomenon lies in the region's colonial history and the exploitation of the indigenous population as slave labor for agriculture and tapping the mines. The paper concludes that these stubborn patterns of inequality can be overcome if determined efforts are made to open political and social policies to all and to provide access by the poorer sections to social services. Footnotes.
Table of Contents
Income Disparities in Latin America
Measuring Inequality: Some Recent Studies
Latin America: How Unequal?
Income Disparity in Latin America: Getting Worse?
Is Poverty and Income Disparity Related?
Historical Roots of Inequality in Latin America
Comparison with Colonization of North America
Persisting Patterns of Inequality
Social, Economic and Political Changes in the 20th Century
Roles of Race, Ethnicity and Gender in Income Disparities
Racial Identification
Ethnic Identification
Identity Formation and Discrimination
Assets of Households
Access to Services
Average Incomes
What do the Race and Gender-Related Income Statistics Mean?
The Consequences of Inequality
Considered Unfair
Results in Greater Poverty
Affects Economic Growth
Current Backlash
Solutions for Reducing the Inequality in Latin America
More Open Political and Social Institutions
More Equitable Economic Institutions and Policies
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Poverty and income disparity are not the same concepts. Poverty may decline in a country or region where income disparity is increasing. However, experience has shown that such a situation occurs rarely and inequality and poverty are closely related. This is because in a growing economy with stable levels of inequality, poverty invariably falls. As a result the Latin American region showed significant reduction in poverty levels in the 1970s, when its economies were growing with a corresponding drop in inequality. On the other hand, the 1980s saw a fall in incomes and more unequal income distribution?resulting in accelerated increase in poverty."
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"Open Veins of Latin America", 2005.
An analysis of the book by Eduardo Galeano about the economic situation in Latin America.
1,222 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
The central thesis of Eduardo Galeano's 1971 work of poetic, economic nonfiction, "Open Veins of Latin America" is that the cash crops and natural resources of Latin America have provided the fundamental tools for the rich nations of North America and Europe to grow richer, at the expense of the poorest of the poor of Latin America. This paper examines the book and shows how Galeano speaks of the colonial powers as "the winners" and Latin America as "the loser" because of its subsequent political instability after colonial economic exploitation.
From the Paper
"At times, Galeano makes great philosophical leaps, and because his analysis is more poetic than statistical, one must as a reader essentially 'go on a ride' with him, and accept some of his sweeping assumptions about the world. However, the ride is ultimately an enriching one. The world cannot sustain itself, if we all remain focused on selfishly profiting our own nations, as was typical during the colonial era. It is no longer sustainable for a national community to focus on enriching itself with greedy policies, because we as a world have come to see that everyone is affected by such an attitude, from our air, water, soil, and the whole of our environments."
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Market Analysis of the Internet Industry in Latin America, 2002.
A thorough and in-depth report of the internet industry in Latin America, focusing on knowledge needed by the potential investor.
16,587 words (approx. 66.3 pages), 48 sources, MLA, AU$ 360.95
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Abstract
The paper begins with a review of the history and development of the internet. This review deals with the technological development of the internet, as opposed to the applications of the technology. In the second section, the internet is reviewed as an industry. The essential structure of the industry, the functioning of electronic commerce (e-commerce) within this structure, and variations in the Internet industry among global regions and countries are covered. The following section looks at information on and analysis of the region itself and the internet industry in Latin America. Information on and analysis of those internet companies already active in the Latin American internet industry are found in presentations in this following section. In the next section, data relevant to firms participating in 2000 in the internet industry in Latin America are presented. Firms are discussed within the context of their industry participation: (1) ISPs and horizontal portals, (2) vertical portals, and (3) e-commerce firms. The major emphasis, however, is placed on the ISPs and horizontal portals group, as it is this group within which most of the publicly traded internet industry companies in Latin America are to be found.
Introduction to the Report
Report Contents
Introduction to the Internet
Section Preview
History of the Internet
Development of the Internet
Section Notes
The Global Internet Industry
Section Preview
The Structure of the Industry .
E-Commerce
Industry Variations by Global Region
Section Notes
The Latin American Internet Industry
Section Preview
Development of the Industry
Issues Relevant to Future Growth
Industry Variations by Country
Section Notes
Players in the Latin American Industry
Section Preview
ISPs and Horizontal Portals
Vertical Portals
E-Commerce Firms
Section Notes
Bibliography
From the Paper
"This report is designed to provide the investor considering entry into the Internet industry in Latin America with the information needed to make an informed decision on the issue. To provide a logical flow of information to support an integrated assessment process by an investor, this report is structured in major sections, each of which provides information relevant to the investment decision in a sequence that leads from a basic familiarity with the Internet and the Internet industry to an in-depth review of the major players in the Internet industry in Latin America. To facilitate an investor?s review and analysis of the information provided in this report, major sections and their sub-sections are identified both textually and numerically in the Report Contents page which follows this Introduction to the Report. Sources of information presented in this report are identified through the use of a notation system. For the convenience of the reader of the report, notes are located at the end of each major section of the report and are identified as Section Notes. A Bibliography of all sources cited in the report is presented at the end of the report."
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Latin America and the U.S., 2004.
By examining various events in recent history, this paper looks at whether the relationship between the U.S. and Latin America is a healthy relationship.
1,987 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the relationship between the U.S. and Latin America, through discussion of the following case studies: Cuba and the U.S. trade embargo; Mexico and the use of U.S. branch plants (or maquiladoras); Colombia and the U.S.A. war on drugs; Brazil and the U.S. environmental standards in the rainforest; Panama Canal and U.S. actions regarding U.S. involvement; and the Chile-U.S. fair trade agreement. The paper finds that the relationship between the U.S. and Latin America is not a positive one for Latin America.
From the Paper
"The issue of Cuba has been a thorn in the side of the US since the Cuban missile crisis. Currently, the US imposes a trade embargo on Cuba, and all of its products. This, coupled with Russia?s disengagement from Cuba, has caused huge economic problems for Cuba, which is rich in natural resources, including sugar and tobacco. Without outlets for its products, Cuba is unable to maximize its profits from its natural resources, and remains a poor country. Yet, it is a country with an excellent health and education system, which is the envy of many developing (and even developed) nations: the socialist government ensures that those resources the country does have are used wisely, to the benefit of the majority of the people on the island."
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Latin America's Colonial Past, 2004.
This paper reviews "The Colonial Heritage of Latin America" by Stanley and Barbara Stein.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes "The Colonial Heritage of Latin America," by Stanley and Barbara Stein who argue that many of the characteristics and limitations of Latin America have their inception during the colonial period and have been altered only slightly with the passage of time and increasing technology that enables better contact with the rest of the world. The paper discusses the suggestion that Latin America is a continent that has only been able to inadequately fulfill its development potential, based on the limitations of the persistent characteristics of its colonial past.
From the Paper
"In "The Colonial Heritage of Latin America," Stanley and Barbara Stein argue that many of the characteristics and limitations of Latin America have their inception during the colonial period and have been altered only slightly with the passage of time and increasing technology that enables better contact with the rest of the world."
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The U.S. in Latin America, 2003.
An assessment of the success of President John F. Kennedy's Alliance for Progress in Latin America.
3,296 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 136.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how as early as 1958, the Milton Eisenhower report criticised U.S. behavior on Latin America and how Latinos accused the U.S. of denying them credits in the desired volume, of fixing prices to their detriment, of neglecting the necessity of social reform and of supporting the region's dictators. It looks at how under the pressure of the Cuban Revolution, John F. Kennedy launched an unprecedented development programme for Latin America which took into account Eisenhower's demands. It discusses the Alliance for Progress that Kennedy launched to help Latin America in the 1960s. It evaluate its failure by the 1970s and examines the reasons for that failure, with particular reference to Frei's Chile.
From the Paper
"Idealism and liberalism would soon be replaced by realism in the White House. The Kennedy administration?s passion for the development of Latin America, strongly influenced by the realities of Fidel Castro in Cuba, was replaced, after JFK?s assassination, by Lyndon Johnson and his Latin American Affairs chief, Thomas Mann. Both men saw Latin America from the position of Texan oil entrepreneurs, ?Mexico and the rest?. As LaFeber argues Mann was, ?the perfect choice to dismantle the Alliance at the same time Johnson continued the old Kennedy rhetoric?. If the Alliance contained fundamental flaws under Kennedy?s idealists, then once the realism of Johnson and Mann, followed by the globalism of Nixon and Kissinger, came to power, the last chance for the Alliance to prove a success was extinguished."
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Latin America, 2007.
A discussion of economic and political interests in Latin America and a history of the Latin American revolutionary movements.
1,498 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history of Latin American revolutionary movements and the circumstances that have shaped Latin America since the arrival of the Europeans. It discusses the role of the United States in Latin America, particularly its economic and political interests. The paper ends by discussing, briefly, the role of women in the Latin American revolutions.
From the Paper
"The history of Latin American revolutionary movements is one of repeated social and political fragmentation. Of course, this is true of most revolutionary movements in world history; however, the unique circumstances that have shaped Latin America since the arrival of Europeans have placed their independence movements in the midst of heated struggles between the imperial powers of the world. As a result, the varied socioeconomic structure of many Latin American nations has generated intense hostility between the social elites, the working class, as well as outside political and economic forces. Nevertheless, one of the recurring themes in Latin American history is the emergence of a powerful labor movement; far more influential than those in the United States, and accordingly, threatening to American business interests."
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Dependency and Marxist Theory in Latin America, 2004.
An overview of how dependency and Marxist theories have had an effect on the economy of Latin America.
2,936 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 125.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how both dependency theory and Marxist theory suggest reasons why Latin America and similar areas in the world have not achieved the same level of economic development as the developed world and how each theory has then been used as a reason for making changes to effect greater levels of development. It considers the history and political and social structures in Latin America and looks at how the way these theories have affected Latin American economies and their citizens.
From the Paper
"Development and underdevelopment are seen in terms of dependency theory as part of the same process and not as separate entities. Dependency theory was fashioned to explain the patterns of development in Latin America and held that this development had been conditioned by the incorporation of the region into the capitalist mode of production. The dependency of the Third World on the developed capitalist nations involves an interaction that explains the economic and social-class formations that have emerged in places like Latin America and also the structure of trade, technology, and investment between the developed and the developing world (Topik, 1987, pp. 554-555)."
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The Development of Latin America, 2001.
A look at historical and political patterns of Latin America.
1,063 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the historical and political patterns of Latin America. Specifically, patterns associated with centralization, militarism, corruption, religion, and economics as they have exist within Latin America will be addressed. It is suggested that the combined impact of these patterns have contributed significantly to the ongoing struggles experienced within this region of the world.
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The Sugar Colonies in Latin America, 2002.
Examines the impact that the sugar colonies had on the development of modern Latin America.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 128.95
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Abstract
This paper shall demonstrate how the African nationals affected the colonization of Latin America. This shall be achieved through addressing the structure of the sugar colonies and the transition that African nationals were able to make from slavery to become an involved part of Latin America.
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The Economy of Latin America and the Caribbean, 2004.
An analysis of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC).
2,591 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 113.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), which has been the main source of information and analysis of that area. A subsidiary organization of the United Nations Economic and Social Council, it was founded for the purposes of contributing to the economic development of Latin America and to reinforce economic relationships among the other nations of the world. The paper explains that the organization is guided by rules that govern its purpose. The paper outlines and examines these mandates: reinforcing economic relationships among the member countries and with the other nations of the world; promoting economic and social development; gathering information by organizing, interpreting, and distributing information about the region; providing advice to governments; promoting and executing cooperation for member country developments; organizing meetings, workshops, and conferences; and communicating global concerns to the region and regional concerns globally.
From the Paper
"Social development was later included among ECLAC's primary objectives. Over the past fifty years, ECLAC has primarily provided research and analytical data on the social and economic state of Caribbean and Latin American countries. ECLAC's research covers a huge range of issues. They have conducted research on topics from fishing to taxation. The ECLAC's commander-in-chief is the Secretary General, and consists of many different divisions, units, and offices for all types of information, research, and services."
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Politics in Latin America, 2005.
A discussion of politics in Latin America and the continuing relevance of Carlos Fuentes' comments in his CBS Massey lectures.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 1 source, AU$ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the relevance of Carlos Fuentes' comments in his CBS Massey lectures today, in understanding the political challenges faced by Latin America. The paper discusses the existing political economy of Latin America and the pressure of internal and external politics, as well as historical, economic and cultural aspects that it faces.
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Paternalism and Class in Latin America, 2003.
Discusses how paternalistic overtures and the positioning of the elite as a benign force in the lives of the poor have formed the path of class conflict in Latin America.
3,677 words (approx. 14.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 148.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the motives and methods behind the class overtures in Latin America and how these methods have clashed with the pure-force tactics also employed by those in power. It discusses how paternalism has both hindered and facilitated force and violence in class struggle in Latin America. The writer also explores this topic through looking at missionaries, industry and politics in the region, using specific examples such as factories in Chile and Columbia, Peronism in Argentina and Isabellan legislation in the New World.
From the Paper
"The modern era has seen the rise of class conflict to the forefront of the political and economic arenas of the world. Nowhere is this more clearly seen than in the socially stratified sphere of Latin American history. From violent strikes to repressive politics, Latin America has seen class struggle pit the poor against the rich, labor against capital, peasants against landlords, the people against the government, and the masses against the elite. And yet, class conflict and the lines between the sides involved have never been so clear-cut in reality as in words. In many instances, the powers that be, the elites of politics and the factory owners of industry, have positioned themselves not as the enemies, but as the protectors, of the poor. From European missionary rhetoric to paternalistic factory politics to populist politics, those in power have forged as a much of a legacy in positioning themselves as a benign force in the lives of the lower class as they have in abusing and antagonizing those less fortunate. Incidences of paternalism, control by those in power to mold the lower classes into a way of living deemed or advertised as better than their current status, in Latin America are not only deviations from the them-vs.-us portrait of class struggle; paternalism complexifies and deepens the reality of class relations itself by at times intensifying the exploitation of elite goals, and at other times offering the lower classes genuine help from the above. Often, though, the effects of paternalism have been somewhere in between, both building bridges and burning them in the war between classes. In analyzing the motives behind paternalistic actions and rhetoric, whether they derive from need for control or power, or a genuine conception or misconception of how to improve the lives of the lower class, students of Latin American history can see that the reasons behind paternalistic efforts have been varied and unclear, while the effects of these efforts have touched all aspects of social, economic and political identity in Latin America. "
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The Globalization of Latin America, 2002.
This paper discusses that Latin America, a hybrid culture of traditions and modernities on a heterogeneous continent, is being changed by the process of globalization.
2,675 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 116.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that globalization in Latin America uses many methods to build an autonomous modern culture rather than traditional evolution from traditional cultures to modernity. This paper presents the primary role of information and communication technology in generating and promoting hybrid cultures, economic growth and new forms of political participation and community. The author points out that Latin America is among the fastest areas for growth for the internet which brings the rest of the globe to this continent.
From the Paper
"Everyone, even skeptics, is amazed by the capabilities of this information access power. A single keyword can bring in many thousand sites on almost any field of concern ? food, travel, business, persons, entertainment, most anything. Web surfers can also choose the language of the material they are looking for. What used to be confidential communications can now be accessed, viewed and even downloaded. What does this magnificent voyage through cyberspace mean to Latin America? Everett begins with Francisco Sagasti?s notion of a ?global fractured order? in evaluating the implications of the internet on Latin America. Sagasti views the current age as characterized by a global but not integrated order. Through it, most people get in touch with one another, while simultaneously maintaining differences between groups of countries. Through it, a large portion of the world?s population is separated and deprived of the benefits gained by scientific advances and technological progress. Everett states that information does not always insure progress, nor integration assure equality."
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