| Papers [1-16] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "LANGUAGE PROGRAMS": |
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Early Bilingual Language Programs, 2006.
A paper looking at the benefits of early bilingual language programs.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
Infants and very small children are extremely receptive of almost all forms of learning. For many years, it was the practice to begin foreign language training at the high school level. However, research suggests that children who begin bilingual education at the pre-school level are the most effective language learners. This paper explains that the myths of dual language acquisition have largely been found to be false: learning more than one language does not lead to confusion or disorders in the learner. The paper also discusses the benefits that occur when bilingual education is begun at a very early age.
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Language Programs, 2002.
A look at English language programs developed in three states which provide assistance to disadvantaged students.
2,470 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the programs developed by three different states ? Florida, Texas and California ? to help educate students with limited English proficiency, looking at both the technical aspects of each program and the larger educational philosophy espoused by each bilingual program.
From the Paper
"The challenge of bilingual education ? which can also be phrased as the challenge of educating students with limited English proficiency ? is a complex one, for it is not a matter simply of teaching grammar and syntax, not simply a question of instilling an appreciation for nuance and vocabulary choice. For in almost every case, the students who are the subject of bilingual education come from less educationally privileged students. Those students who are not proficient in English are often poor and often immigrants and therefore in need of a variety of services, training, and education. They often have to learn about American culture and American legal and governmental systems as well as learning the English language. Making the challenge of bilingual education even greater, those who have grown up in poverty either in a country other than the United States or in the U.S. itself are often poorly educated in their own language. Some may not be literate in any language. In other words, they lack nearly all of the advantages of the middle-class, white, native speaker of English (Tabors 21-28)."
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English as a Second Language Programs, 2004.
Suggests strategies for getting parents of non-English speaking children to participate in their child's English as a Second Language program.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper develops recommendations for achieving parental participation in their child's English as a Second Language instruction. The recommendations are based on the results of a parental interview.
From the Paper
"Non-English-speaking elementary-school children face a daunting task in efforts to learn English. The learning and teaching problems are further exacerbated by the No Child Left Behind Act because of the heavy reliance on standardized testing for school and student performance evaluation. A key component of successful English As A Second Language (ESL) programs is the active participation of the parents of the students in such programs. To gain insights for use in the development..."
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The Java Programming Language, 2008.
This paper examines the definition, use and importance of the Java programming language.
1,080 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Java currently means several things depending on who is defining the term or identifying the concept of Java. The writer then explains that Java, as it is currently employed, typically implies one of three aspects: 1) the basic Java programming language, 2) the Java Virtual Machine and 3) the Java platform. The writer explains however that Java is a programming language that can allow writer programs to be universally run on any platform or operating system in its own right. The writer notes that many of the Internet's most popular websites rely on Java technology and applications in order to function properly or to offer the visual graphics and animation that they do. The writer concludes that in the future Java should see more widespread use in large companies as a method to monitor transactions and bring various data streams together.
Outline:
Java Overview
Java Development & History
Java Importance
From the Paper
"Strangely enough, the Java programming language was not developed to allow applications to operate universally within Internet environments and on web-browsers. Additionally, Java is not an old, relatively speaking since no real programming language is old in sort of classical since, because it was only begun as a side project in 1990 by Sun Microsystems developers. Sun Microsystems formed a team in 1990s comprise of, among others, Naughton, Joy, and Gosling, to formulate a programming language which could write applications that would operate on multiple platforms and systems without requiring the traditional application program interfaces (APIs) that had to be added to any program for each platform it was intended to be run on. These APIs created much more work for the programmers and extended the development times for all programs which resulted in project delays, cost overruns and ongoing application errors after a program's release."
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Preschool Programs and Language Development, 2007.
A discussion of the article "Language and Literacy Environments in Preschools" by C. Snow, S. Burns and P. Griffin.
943 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that high quality preschool programs for poor children can reduce the delay in the development of their communication skills. The paper reviews the article "Language and Literacy Environments in Preschools" by Snow, Burns and Griffin that explores how best to help preschool children develop communication skills so that they will be ready to learn how to read when they go to school. The writer discusses how he/she applies these principles in his/her preschool program.
From the Paper
"The article (Snow, Burns, & Griffin, 1999) states, "it is precisely on measures of the language environment that many preschool programs serving poor children have scored in the inadequate range" (p. 1). The article doesn't say how many programs are inadequate or what the percentage overall might be of programs which do not help children develop their communication skills. The author goes on to say, or at least to imply, that Headstart programs are no better than any other programs for preschool children coming from impoverished homes: "A study of 32 headstart classrooms similarly found the lowest scores for language and reasoning on the same test" (p. 2)."
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Programming Languages, 2004.
This paper lists the ten most important things to know when selecting a programming language.
700 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that there are quite a number of programming languages in the market; hence, a developer needs to match the capabilities of a programming language against the requirements of the program he will develop. The author points out that it also is essential to consider the environment, both technical and operational, in which the new program will operate. The paper lists one of the considerations as the speed of the programming language.
From the Paper
"Most of the time, system integration, wherein programs are made to connect with each other, is needed to allow a more successful automation. However, programs are not usually developed in the same programming language. Hence, in such a case, it is essential that the programming language to use must have communication capabilities to other programming platforms."
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Different Programing Languages, 2004.
A description of the various computer programing languages in use today.
2,841 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 122.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the need for more than one computer programming language, since there are so many different requirements for computers. The paper explains that one single language would simply not be able to meet all the different needs of every computer user in the world. The paper then shows how each programmer would choose a language to write in, based upon their own needs. The paper concludes that, in fact, we need both a special-purpose language and a general-purpose language.
From the Paper
"The possibility of coming up and sticking to one language is also very difficult as the requirements fulfilled by one program may not be fulfilled by another and using these varied programs together is also not the right solution. To take for example, if we need to perform a complicated replacement on the contents of a file, the software to choose would be Perl, Awk or Sed. But maybe ironically, the logic of our application would probably be in Forth, and in such a situation it becomes a very tedious task to try and link the Perl or other program to that of the Forth program. To fulfill this a lot of language amalgamation technologies have been performed but the end result usually is the fact that such solutions are usually incompetent and always end up in application architecture that are usually distorted and difficult to maintain."
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Garbage Collection in Computer Programming Languages, 2003.
Definitions, algorithms and optimizations used to achieve automatic memory management in computer programming languages without programmer involvement.
3,013 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 127.95
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Abstract
The value of garbage collection (GC) to the discipline of software engineering is established. The definitions of the fundamental GC terms are given. Thereafter, the three major GC algorithms are discussed and graphically represented. Basic differences and similarities among the algorithms are considered. The two major GC optimization techniques and their historical origins are discussed. The paper includes diagrams.
From the Paper
"Garbage collection (GC) is the automatic management of dynamic memory allocation. The alternative to this is programmer-controlled dynamic memory allocation. Automatic management is the superior of the two because programmer-controlled management can lead to memory leaks, bugs caused by accidental manipulation of program code and data through pointers, and an overall increase in program complexity. These in turn consume a considerable amount of programmer time and result in higher software maintenance costs. Automatic management prevents these issues and allows programmers to focus on the programming that relates directly to useful system functionality."
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Second Language Learning, 2002.
This paper discusses the problems concerning bilingualism in the classroom and the importance of English as a second language (ESL) programs.
2,500 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, in the United States, ?bilingualism? is a term that goes far beyond the use of more than one language and how the bilingual child in the American classroom commonly summons forth the image of a child who speaks English poorly, has difficulty learning and keeping up with his peers in school, and needs remedial classes. It discusses how English as a second language (ESL) programs are essential for the bilingual and/or multilingual students and how the bilingual learner in the American classroom deserves the same opportunities as those provided to native English-speaking students. It shows how decade's researchers and educators alike have argued about the best ways to teach ESL, and although many have disagreed on the methods employed by most ESL programs, few can argue about the importance of such programs in the American educational system.
From the Paper
"For the most part, studies conducted to date on classroom interaction and English as a second language learning (ESL) began their examinations into second and foreign language learning from this more traditional perspective. However, ?they cross disciplinary borders and draw on theoretical insights and empirical evidence found in areas outside of what has generally been considered the main purview of the ESL field. Their findings join our interests in reconceptualizing second and foreign language learning using a broader, sociocultural perspective of language and learning with practical concerns for nurturing classroom communities of successful second and foreign language learners.? "
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Foreign Language Education, 2008.
A research proposal on foreign language learning programs at the post-secondary level and their retention levels.
5,096 words (approx. 20.4 pages), 16 sources, APA, AU$ 185.95
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Abstract
The paper outlines research that will demonstrate the need to analyze existing data and formulate new research on foreign language retention, why it occurs on a post-secondary level and what obstacles contribute to increased or reduced retention in foreign language programs. The paper first reviews the literature and discusses the methodology to be used. The paper then shows that if the system becomes more open to communication style teaching through collaboration and other learning/teaching styles, and technology in learning is adaptive and appropriate, the post-secondary foreign language academy will likely improve retention and retain diversity. The paper highlights the need for mor research in this area of foreign language study in post-secondary systems.
Outline:
Introduction
Statement of Problem
Review of Literature
Methodology
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As the culture in which we live becomes increasingly diverse and highly focused on globalization, concepts of foreign language teaching and learning at all levels of education become much more important. (Gerwin & Osborn, 2002, p. 80) (Whitt, Edison, Pascarella, Terenzini & Nora, 2001, p. 172) Yet, statistics of enrolment and success in post-secondary foreign language education do not seem to play out this growing necessity. "In recent years, the language-instruction profession has seen alarming declines in enrollment in languages other than Spanish .... " (Moser, 2001, p. 3) Creating systems that promote retention of individuals in foreign language learning programs at the post-secondary level is therefore crucial to the development of educators and individuals who are fully prepared for a multi-lingual community and work environment."
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Parallel Programming, 1999.
Definition, computer language programming theory, techniques, objectives, storage and data management, examples, applications and neural networks.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 172.95
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From the Paper
"PARALLEL PROGRAMMING
Introduction
This research reviews issues associated with parallel programming. While parallel programming is a separate paradigm, it is interrelated to the functional programming, concurrent programming, and object-oriented programming paradigms (Morin & Puaut, 1997)."
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Second-Language Instruction, 1994.
This paper reviews educational literature that provides a sound rationale for second language instruction especially if begun in the elementary school: Research, methods, immersion programs, goals, language rules and behaviorist approach.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 80.95
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From the Paper
"A survey of current educational literature provides a sound rationale for second language instruction, particularly if such learning begins early enough. Most students in the United States study a second language in secondary school; therefore, the issue is really the age at which a student begins foreign language study to best advantage. For the past four decades, educational researchers have stressed the value of teaching a second language in elementary school. Because results were mixed, elementary language programs gradually began to disappear in the same amount of time. Although the FLES, or Foreign Language in the Elementary School, movement of the fifties and sixties has had varying degrees of success in the United States, it remains more of a goal than a reality.
Before schools are willing to commit time and resources to ... "
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English Second Language.
This paper is a research proposal to identify learning difficulties that students encounter when specifically learning literacy skills in the target language.
8,310 words (approx. 33.2 pages), 55 sources, APA, AU$ 256.95
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Abstract
This paper includes an extensive literature review that suggests interaction is a critical component of language learning, and that for children to be successful, they must be presented with a classroom environment that encourages competency through interaction, such as in immersion. The author points out that a majority of studies suggest SLA (second language acquisition) results from an integrative approach to learning in which students are encouraged to use the target language in conjunction with the native language to boost comprehension and understanding. The paper relates that the research methodology will be an exploratory case study approach because it is the optimal method for identifying questions and selecting measurement constructs when significant uncertainty exists with regard to a programs operations, goals, and results.
Table of Content
Literature Review
Background
Learning a Language
Summary: Learning a Language
Learning Difficulties with Reading
Summary: Learning Difficulties with Reading
Language 1 and Language 2 Transfer
Second Language Acquisition Issues
Summary: SLA Acquisition Issues
Research Methodology
Illustrative Case Study
Exploratory Case Study
Critical Instance Case Study
Program Implementation Case Study
Program Effects Case Study
Research Design
Data Analysis
Assumptions
Limitations
From the Paper
"Many studies exist that focus on learning English as a second language. The results of these studies indicate that learning a second language is challenging, and that a large population of students still struggle with language and literacy acquisition particularly in English. More than 2.8 million children enrolled in school in the United States are considered as having only limited English proficiency skills. Fifty percent of limited English students are enrolled in programs labeled "Transitional bilingual education" whose goals include literacy and content instruction in the native language with additional curriculum geared toward learning to speak and comprehend English. Formal instruction in English is achieved when students attain a certain level of competency in their native language literacy and when they have acquired adequate oral listening and comprehension skills in the English language."
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The Study of Language, 2001.
The following paper examines the theories of bilingualism and multilingalism, language acquisition and language learning, making reference to a number of case studies.
2,790 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 120.95
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Abstract
The following paper examines the theories on language acquisition and looks at the useful distinction between acquisition and learning. The writer also comments on approaches and methods to teaching second and foreign languages. Lastly the writer comments on interference as a factor in language learning.
Table of Contents
Bilingualism and Multilingualism
Diglossia
First Language Acquisition
Using a text-mapping device to depict the important stages in first-language acquisition
Theories on how language is acquired
Innateness
Cognition
Input
Approaches and methods to teaching second and foreign languages
Interference as a factor in language learning.
From the Paper
"Diglossia is the coexistence of two forms of the same language in speech community. The one form will often be the literary or prestige dialect, and the other one can be a dialect commonly spoken by most of the population. The term diglossia could also be used to indicate bilingualism, or the speaking of two languages by the people of the same community. An example for the first definition is the use of Dutch in Belgium. Dutch is one of the official languages in Belgium. Dutch-speaking Belgians are called the ?Flemish? where the French-speaking Belgians are called ?Walloons?. Dutch spoken by Belgians is also referred to as ?Flemish?, which is not a literary form of the language, but a spoken ?dialect?. They are different varieties of the same language."
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English as a Second Language (ESL).
This paper reviews English as a Second Language (ESL) bilingual programs, its history, legislation, and funding.
2,875 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 123.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the influx of immigrants to the United States during the 18th and 19th centuries made it necessary to adopt policies regarding bilingual education; by the end of the 19th century, many states had adopted bilingual laws or provided bilingual instruction without creating formal legalization. The author points out that California's Proposition 227 is a threat to bilingualism within school curricula; therefore, supporters of ESL are attempting to have limited English proficiency listed as a special education need. The paper describes and evaluates three types of ESL instruction, including the withdrawal program, in which students are withdrawn from the classroom for instruction; submersion, in which students are placed in an English-only classroom with no additional help; and structured immersion, in which students are in an English environment, but the teacher, proficient in their native language, helps the student whenever difficulty arises with English in the classroom.
Table of Contents
History of Bilingual Education in the United States
Legislation Regarding Bilingual Education
Proposition 227
Type of Bilingual Program in the Classroom
Other Types of Bilingual Programs
Evaluation of Bilingual Programs
From the Paper
"According to this initiative, federal funds are provided to support English language learners (ELLs). The focus is thus entirely on teaching and learning English only. This is encouraged by "accountability" provisions, including the judgment of schools according to the number of ELLs reclassified as fluent English speakers. Furthermore, the failure to show progress in English learning will be punished. This appears to be a return to the earlier and paranoid legislation regarding language instruction during the World War I years. It also appears once again to be unconstitutional; schools are practically being forced to abandon all attention to native language instruction in favor of English-only instruction."
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Second Language Acquisition: Noam Chomsky, 1993.
Discusses Chomsky's theory of language acquisition, in which there exists some sort of "language organ" that makes language possible for humans & impossible for animals.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 9 sources, AU$ 34.95
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From the Paper
"Nativist Theories of Second Language Acquisition: Noam Chomsky
Introduction
According to Larsen-Freeman and Long (1991), nativist theories posit the existence of a specific, innate biological capacity or organ that makes learning possible. Some of those nativist theories are specific to language acquisition, with Noam Chomsky perhaps the earliest and foremost exponent of the theory that language acquisition follows a universal pattern based on an innate language organ, or system of hard-wiring within the brain.
Noam Chomsky and Universal Grammar
Chomsky became most visible in his struggles with the researchers who were working with chimpanzees and gorillas to ..."
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