| Papers [1-16] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "LABOR COSTS": |
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Rising Labor Costs of Production, 2006.
An analysis of the recent trend in increasing labor costs of production in the United States and how this is affecting U.S. business corporations.
1,056 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how a tight labor market has affected U.S. manufacturers. It then goes on to suggest measures that U.S. manufacturers can take to anticipate changes in the labor market. The paper discusses the different factors affecting the rising cost of production. It concludes by suggesting that successful corporations have been able to anticipate rising labor costs of production and have also been able to enjoy record profits by passing on the burden of increased costs of production to their consumers.
From the Paper
"Corporate America is finding it difficult to maintain its lofty profit margins because higher wages are squeezing corporate profits. More concrete data now confirms this trend. In this paper, I discuss how a tight labor market has affected U.S. manufacturers and measures U.S. manufacturers can take to anticipate changes in the labor market."
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Labor Costs, 2003.
Reviews effects of increase in workers compensation premiums in California on labor costs and demand.
690 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the effects of increase in workers compensation premiums in California on labor costs and demand. It looks at the impact of changes in the workers compensation fund in terms of higher premiums paid by employers.
From the Paper
"Recent changes in the Workers Compensation Fund in the State of California included an increase in the level of premiums paid by California employers to the Fund Treaster ..."
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Labour's Labor, 2006.
A review of an article discussing the impact and damage of WWII on the British economy.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how following World War II, the British economy, its social structures, and its infrastructure, were all considerably damaged by the years of war over the European continent. Unions, as Dorfman points out, entered the post-World War II era as one of the nation's policy focal points in what would otherwise have been a political vacuum (par.1). It further discusses how in the decades following the war, Unions provided the citizenry, in the form of workers, with adequate representation within the structures of government and ensured that many policies and programs were enacted that would ensure not only work related rights and assurance but also social programs. The Unions within Britain for three decades held considerable sway over policy decisions as well as policy formulation.
From the Paper
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Low Costs Of Production In China, 2006.
An analysis of the effects of low cost production on the market in the United States.
5,314 words (approx. 21.3 pages), 13 sources, MLA, AU$ 189.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the low costs of production in China. It compares these low costs to the costs of production in the United States and discusses the reasons for the differences in the the costs of production between the two countries. The paper presents the advantages and disadvantages of production in both the United States and in China. It also discusses what effects the low cost of production in China have on the market in the United States.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
American Economy
Production in America
Issues Affecting Product
Costs of Production
Demand in the Market
Competition Between Manufacturers
Quality of Products
Affecting the Quality
Price of Product
Well Educated Labor
High Technology
High Quality Raw Materials Consumer Expectations from Companies
Low Prices
Higher Quality Products
Good Maintenance Service and Warranty
Economy in China
Production in China
Competitive Production Costs
Quality of Products
Comparative Advantages Between China and the U.S
High Population
Low Labor Costs
Low Land Costs
Low Costs of Production
Very Low Prices
Comparative Disadvantages of the U.S. Economy
Conclusions and Recommendations
Conclusions
Recommendations
From the Paper
"During the past 30 years or more, the U.S. had the most powerful economy not only for its high production but also for its international trade strategy and production technology. But today, the U.S. is not the country of economic dreams as it was before. People are not as relaxed as they were regarding their jobs. In his 2006 study, Janitz stated: "People and companies are worried about losing jobs and opportunities" (p. 20). The main thread to U.S. jobs is outsourcing to China. The U.S. is badly affected, the unemployment rate increased, by the economic growth of China, and it seems it cannot do anything to reverse this situation. According to Janitz (2006), the U.S. still has a chance to overcome this problem by better management (p. 20). The Major advantage China has over the U.S. is its high population that offers a cheap labor force. These wages also affect the total costs of production and lower the price of products. This is the major problem the U.S. has to compete with. It's a general consumer behavior that they always want to buy the highest quality product by paying the lowest fee. Unfortunately, higher quality products cost too much. Before buying a product, consumers generally decide which one is most important for them: buying the product with highest quality or cheapest price. And another factor which helps them to decide is the costs of production."
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Wage Costs and Employee Benefits, 2005.
An overview of employee and wage costs are defined.
3,389 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 139.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a legal definition of an employee and then goes on to explain what wage costs are from a business perspective. The paper explains how wage costs are set by the U.S. Department of Labor and then describes employee conditions for comparable workers in Mexico, which includes a look at the benefits the employees receive and how wage costs are calculated there.
From the Paper
"The Legal definition of an Employee is "a person who is hired by another person or business for a wage or fixed payment in exchange for personal services and who does not provide the services as part of an independent business; Any individual employed by an employer". There are in existence three tax laws that will apply to employees. Under this law, when the person who has employed the individual has any sort of right over his employee, then he can control his working methods in any manner, including the end result expected of him, and the details of how and when and where the job is to be done. "Where the employer does not possess that right, the individual involved is an independent contractor, not an employee".
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Foreign Labor and Manufacturing, 2007.
This essay examines the economic influences of the lower cost of labor available in developing nations.
766 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the economic influences of the lower cost of labor available in developing nations, such as China and India, and its eventual effects on the United States market. Both foreign manufacturing and out-sourcing are considered The paper discusses how US retailers have taken advantage of lower-cost foreign goods, with a specific focus on Wal-Mart. The author concludes that the long-term effects of these practices are not well documented nor are the effects of these changes on the US necessarily as positive as the immediate effects on revenue and profit.
From the Paper
"Three broad impacts can be expected from the shifting of labor and production costs to developing nations like China: first, the outsourcing of jobs ordinarily filled by American workers, creating higher rates of unemployment in the U.S. The debate regarding this migration of jobs overseas has become an important political topic recently, but also has significant economic implications. In the most positive light, this increased competition for jobs could encourage American workers to obtain new skills and education; conversely, it could lead to high rates of unemployment and reduced spending power among U.S. citizens (Hira and Hira 2005). Although the immediate labor savings for American corporations are financially beneficial in the short run, the long-term impact on spending power among consumers could harm these very same companies' bottom lines; outsourcing potentially harms the long-term economies of corporations in this manner. Additionally, claims that the U.S. workers displaced by outsourcing will be reemployed have been proven unlikely by recent research: the reemployment rate for these workers has been called "abysmal" by some academics (ibid.)."
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Cost Accounting, 1988.
Discusses definition, roles, concepts, applications, cost classifications, standard costs, performance, problems, materials, labor and transfer prices.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 13 sources, AU$ 184.95
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From the Paper
" The purpose of this research is to examine the roles and uses of cost accounting. The concepts involved in cost accounting are also reviewed, and the use of cost accounting in a firm's decision-making processes is assessed.
COST ACCOUNTING: DEFINITION, ROLES,
CONCEPTS, AND APPLICATIONS
In the United States (US), cost accounting is a part of managerial accounting. Where financial accounting is concerned with recording actual financial transactions, managerial accounting is concerned with the discovery of relationships in financial data which enhance managerial decision-making (Garrison, 1986, p. 19)."
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The Labor Unions, 2002.
This paper presents the history of labor unions, labor law and labor relations in the United States.
2,690 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 116.95
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Abstract
This paper points out that by acting on behalf of a large group, the labor unions have more power than if the employees acted alone. This paper describes and compares United Airline?s and Ford Motor Company?s labor practices and problems. This paper presents an ideal employer-labor relationship.
From the Paper
"Congress, starting to feel pressure for groups like the AFL, created the U.S. Department of Labor. The department has a mandate to protect and extend the rights of wageworkers. A children?s bureau was created. In 1914, the first law to protect workers was enacted, the Clayton Act said that ?the labor of A Human Being is not a commodity or an article of commerce.? Because of this change in the legal status of work and labor, those things were no longer subject to the Sherman Act provisions that had been the legal basis for injunctions against union organizations. The Clayton Act allowed for strikes, boycotts, peaceful picketing and dramatically limited the use of injunctions in labor disputes."
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The Effect of Labor Policies on Productivity, 2008.
A discussion on how US labor market polices have had a negative effect on employee productivity.
1,720 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, for over 20 years, workers have been faced with the dilemma of lack of job security, which has led to decreased productivity. Another major change that has affected productivity is American corporations' shift of focus away from making employees feel secure and appreciated, or providing them with ample pension and health care benefits plus wage increases to outpace inflation. The paper points out that, instead, the new focus of American corporations emphasizes the fiduciary responsibility to the stockholder and maximizing profits. The paper also adds that advanced technology, requiring less people but more skilled workers, and government labor policies, which removed trade barriers making it easier for American companies to outsource labor and relocate to countries with low labor costs, have had an adverse effect on American worker productivity and the American middle class. The paper concludes that the corporate/business paradigm shift from employee to stockholder is the most significant factor leading to reduced employee productivity and the erosion of the American middle class.
Outline:
Introduction
Hypothesis
Background Research
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Lack of job security is not a problem new to 2007, or even 2000, but one that has been on the rise since 1972. American companies have downsized dramatically since the late 1970s.
"In the first downsizing wave, 12% of the out placed workers left the workforce completely, 17% remained unemployed after two years. Of those finding new employment, 31% took a wage reduction of 25% or more and 32% of worker's wages were reduced by one to twenty-five percent while only 37% found no wage loss. These figures translate to 63% of people finding replacement jobs that are inferior to what they held prior to being downsized."
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Lessons for the Labor Movement, 2007.
An analysis of the history and development of labor and labor organizations in Canada.
1,059 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the positive and negative lessons that history can provide to today's unions and trade unions in Canada. It describes the influence that the state and the nature of the economy have on labor and labor organizations and their activities. The paper also discusses trade unions and their role, as well as other developments in the history of the labor movement. Finally the paper looks at fthe ree market economy and its implications in increasing job insecurity and wage and benefit rollbacks.
From the Paper
"Free market economy increased job insecurity and wage and benefit rollbacks and continues to be the basis of today's economy in Canada. The labor movement of today is faced with these challenges as well as the relocation and closing down of many industrial plants and factories all over Canada. Also, today Canada's labor movement needs to have a broader agenda as it faces with all the challenges of the global economy as well as the effects of the decline of state intervention within the context of this new global economy. It also needs to recognize the cultural, social and ethnic diversity that makes up the Canadian workforce today. Additionally it has to become concerned with the status of part-time and temporary employees whose number is increasing steadily, as many employers are cutting out full-time jobs with full benefits."
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The New Labour, 2005.
An examination of how the Labour party has changed under the leadership of Tony Blair.
2,497 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how New Labour has distinguished itself from traditional Keynesian Labour, assuming that it has to deal with a mixed economy in which the private sector has been given more and more importance. It looks at how consequently, polemics have emerged around the question of knowing if Labour is closer to the centre-left or to the "New Right". It also discusses how New Labour has met serious difficulties to be considered as a proper political social democrat ideology rather than a pragmatic approach to rising Britain's socio-economic difficulties.
Outline:
New Labour as a Fundamentally New Political Ideology or As a Pragmatic Political Programme
New Labour in the Logic of a Historical Change Process of the Labour Party
New Labour's Main Objectives
New Labour: A Real Shift in Governing Strategies?
New Labour's Welfare Reforms and its "Distinctiveness"
New Labour's Governing Strategies as Distinctive from Those Of Old Labour and Thatcherism?
New Labour Closer to the Centre-Left or to the "New Right"?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"New Labour is certainly not particularly distinctive from its governing predecessors in terms of depoliticisation. In 1998, Gordon Brown, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, established that the Bank of England would be independent in the determination of interest rates. Consequently the Blair government reject a level of political responsibility in the implementation of core economic policies: indeed, interest rates used to be a fundamental economic tool for British governments under Old Labour's Keynesianism to solve Britain's relative economic decline. It is also a policy in rupture with Thatcherism's monetarist policies which tried to fight the inflation by regulating the amount of money in circulation. "
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Labor Unions, 2008.
This paper explores the influence of public labor unions today.
2,226 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 100.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the history of labor unions and disagrees with the belief that labor unions are archaic and provide few benefits to workers in the 21st century. The paper explores the political power and influence that labor unions have in shaping Senate and House legislation in the US, in addition to monitoring the policies that may impact domestic labor. The paper shows how labor union influence in contemporary United States politics and public policy has gained momentum in shaping the outcome of domestic and foreign policy.
Outline:
The Contemporary Role of Labor Unions
The Labor Union Power Game
Changes that Impacted the Labor Union Political Strategy
From the Paper
"The original form and function of the labor union was to provide protection, benefits and a political voice for workers in manufacturing and skilled trades. In the early 20th century, the AFL-CIO was formed, and influential movers such as Samuel Gompers aided in the facilitation of increased wages and benefits for textile and manufacturing workers. The power of labor unions progressed so quickly and drastically, that President Franklin Delano Roosevelt included a labor regulation policy in the New Deal in the early 1930's. As a result, the Department of Labor was established to monitor the authenticity of labor unions in addition to regulating the practices and extent of power of these advocacy groups."
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Child Labor, 2002.
An examination of global child labor practices.
2,007 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how child labor practices of textile industries around the world are an important issue for most people. It looks at how although the United States has seen a change in these practices over the last 200 years, many immigrant children are still employed illegally in textile factories. It shows how worldwide, there have been numerous laws passed on behalf of children?s rights, although many governments are lax in enforcing them. It examines how some governments, are starting to realize the benefits of educating children and have started to implement tougher laws in an effort to end the abuse of their children.
Outline
Introduction
A History of Child Labor in the U.S.
Attempts to Change Child Labor
The Great Depression
Child Labor in the U.S. Today
Liberia and New Child Labor Laws
Child Labor in Indonesia
Pakistan and Bangladesh Child Labor Practices
Russian Child Labor Practices
Startling Statistics and Working Conditions
Examples of Child Labor
Other Countries vs. the U.S.
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The public finally began to become aware of the horrendous conditions in which the children were forced to work and in 1904 the National Child Labor Committee was formed as a means to regulate or eliminate child labor (unknown, 1991). This committee, combined with state child labor committees, investigated and photographed the children in their poor working conditions, sent pamphlets and leaflets to the public and lobbied the government for stronger child labor laws. From 1902 to 1915 these efforts were responsible for the passage of many state laws which restricted child labor. However, the southern states were reluctant to pass such laws, prompting the passage of federal child labor laws in 1916 and 1918, though these laws were declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. In 1924, an amendment was purposed, but failed to be ratified by many states."
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Labor Relations and the Airlines, 2005.
A review on how terrorism and 9/11 have induced further tensions in labor relations in the airline industry.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses labor relations in the airline industry, noting how deregulation changed the nature of those relations and caused the airlines to seek more ways of cutting costs. This paper further discusses how 9-11 added to the costs for the airlines who were then forced to reduce salaries and divest pension plans, creating new tensions that have not yet worked themselves out.
From the Paper
"Labor relations for some industries can be quite contentious, while for others accommodations are often made on both sides. The airline industry shows examples of both, and in general labor disputes in the industry show a pattern of change in recent years, with new forces at work and with many new concerns bringing in government action, including concerns about the effect of labor problems on safety in the light of potential terrorist acts. As von Nordenflycht and Kochan (2003) write, "even before the events of September 11, 2001, observers perceived strains in the industry's labor relations system, claiming that contracts were taking longer to negotiate, rank-and-file rejections of tentative agreements were more frequent, and job actions were on the rise."
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Fair Labor Standards Act, 2008.
A brief overview of the consequences of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938.
774 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how one of the most important laws concerning child labor was the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. It looks at how with its provisions imposing severe civil and criminal penalties and allowing for confiscation of good made with child labor, the Fair Labor Standards Act forced employers to stop using children in thousands of jobs. With remarkable success, the law simply outlawed child labor.
From the Paper
"Among the social reform advocates of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, no issue roused more determined calls for action than child labor. Florence Kelly of Hull House was among the first to report on the matter, but soon there were numerous rigorously researched reports, telling of children underpaid, overworked, uneducated, and profoundly unhappy with their lot. While many of the working children were in agriculture, the worst conditions were in manufacturing, whether in southern textile mills, northern canneries, urban tenements, or mountain coal mines. "
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International Labour Standards, 2002.
An overview of international labor laws including international trade agreements and their impact on labor standards.
4,400 words (approx. 17.6 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 231.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes existing international labor laws and discusses these laws in the contexts of globalization. Some of the issues covered in this essay include international trade agreements and their impact on labor standards, international laws regarding unions and worker rights, as well as economic contexts of capitalism and imperialism. This paper also offers strategic solutions for international labor laws as a way to anticipate the problems of labor and globalization.
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