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Karen Horney, 2007.
A look at the life and psychological theories of Karen Horney.
2,781 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 99.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Karen Horney was a leading reformer and theorist in the field of psychology and psychoanalysis and one of the first major proponents of feminine psychology. The paper looks at Horney's personal life and how she served as an inspiration to women psychologists everywhere. The paper explains that in recognizing that women had dreams of self-actualization, just like men, Karen Horney showed the world that women could also achieve and be fulfilled. The paper also discusses how her work has not received the full attention it deserves.
Outline:
Introduction
Birth and Early Childhood
Adolescence and Awakening
Student of Psychology
The Acceptance of Self-Actualization
Critiques of Horney's Ideas
Karen Horney and Women Psychologists
Summary
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Karen Horney was born Karen Clementine Theodore Danielsen on September 15, 1885 in a suburb of Hamburg, Germany. As befits a child who would one day devote her adult life to understanding some of the universal themes of humanity, Horney's parents were of varied background. Her father was a Norwegian sea captain, a widower with four teenaged children of his own, and naturalized citizen of the German Empire. His second wife, and Karen's mother, was a woman of Dutch-German noble extraction (O'Connell & Russo, 1990, p. 184). Her fifty-year-old father, and thirty-two-year-old mother had already had one child together, Karen's brother, Berndt - this child would remain their favorite (O'Connell & Russo, 1990, p. 184)."
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Karen Horney's Theories, 2006.
A discussion of the theories of personality development developed and established by Karen Horney, a preeminent figure and founder of modern psychoanalysis.
1,993 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the ideas of Karen Horney regarding personality development and how they were integrated into modern psychoanalysis therapies and personality development theory. The paper explains that the foundation of Horney's study rested on the tenet that social, cultural, environmental, and parental factors, influences, and issues shape child development more so than do biological factors. The paper also points out that Karen Horney developed her theory of personality development long before social and environmental influences were deemed important to a child's psychological development and that, while not widely-received in her time, portions of her ideas have been integrated into modern psychoanalytic thought and child rearing practices.
From the Paper
"During the early decades of this century, Freud and his sexual drive theories were the standard psychoanalytical theories pertaining to neurotic disorders and personality development. His stages of childhood development rested within a framework of psychosexual development. Horney, along with others, established what would later be termed the "cultural school"1 of psychoanalytic theory. This school of thought believed that biological factors did not drive the body and the mind, but rather that ruling factor in mental growth was believed to be the child's relationship with his or her parents. The child's early social experiences were considered the key factors in this mental and personality development. In Horney's analysis, biological factors were secondary to sociological variables. Culture, people, and relationships determined personality development, types, idiosyncrasies, and ultimately neurosis."
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Karen Horney, 2006.
An analysis of the life of Karen Horney and her views on neurosis.
3,034 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the life and works of Karen Horney, a recognized psychologist who practiced in the early 1900s. It describes her life at home with her parents and how this influenced her work. The paper focuses on Horney's views on neurosis and discusses the ten different stages that she believed that neurotics need to attain to prevent them from experiencing great anxiety.
From the Paper
"Karen Horney was born on September 16, 1885 to Clotilde and Berndt Wackels Danielson. Horney's father, Berndt, was an authoritarian and she believed that he liked her brother more then he liked her. Her mother, Clotilde, was considered to be more suave then her father, and was also 19 years younger. Her parents also came from different social backgrounds. Her father was the son of a watchmaker, while her mother was the daughter of architect. She also had a tender and possibly sexual relationship with her brother who was four years older then her. However, he rejected her when she was around 8 years of age. In her childhood she felt like she was not wanted by not only her parents, but by her brother too. This could have been because of the martial problems that were happening between her parents and the later rejection by her brother. Because of these childhood difficulties she went through a bout of depression. It was in 1904 that her parents got divorced and there is no account of her father after this point in time. In 1906 she entered medical school against not only her parents' wishes, but the whole political society. During her time in medical school she met a law student by the name of Oscar Horney whom she married in 1909. In 1911 her mother died which put a strain on Horney; however it was these events that caused her to start psychoanalysis. In 1913 she received her MD from the University of Berlin. In 1923 Oscar Horney lost his job and got meningitis. These strains of events on him lead him to become a broke, morose and argumentative individual. It was also this year that Horney's brother died. When all of these events happened it lead her to consider pursuing her thoughts of suicide. She did attempt suicide during one vacation when she swam out to a sea piling. In 1926 Horney moved to Brooklyn, NY where she developed her first theories on neurosis. She passed away after much accomplished in 1952 at the age of 67. (Paris, 1994)"
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The Theories of Karen Horney, 2007.
A comparison of the theories of Karen Horney, with those of Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, Erick Fromm and Carl Rogers.
3,112 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the theories of Karen Horney, who was the first female psychologist of any note in a time when all of the great theorists were men. Her theories sought to uncover the causes of neuroses. The paper explores the theoretical basis of Horney's theories and then compares them to those of her contemporaries, particularly Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, Erick Fromm and Carl Rogers.
Table of Contents:
Theory of Neurotic Needs
Horney and Freud
Alfred Adler
Erick Fromm
Carl Rogers
Discussion
From the Paper
"Horney, Freud and Adler focused on childhood as the source of experiences that lead to neuroses. However, there was not mention in any of the theories as to whether they felt that this was the only time when neuroses developed, or whether one could develop these differences between expectations and what one felt later in life. This was a major point that was left out of almost every major theory and represents a major flaw in Horney's theory as well. It is not known if she felt that the only time to develop neuroses was in childhood.
Horney, Rogers, and Fromm emphasized that each and every person has an idea of how and what they should be. However, this view may not be realistic or attainable. The difference between normalcy and neurosis is the ability to achieve the final goal. One example of this is the perfectionist that never feels that what they do is good enough. They will never achieve their expectations and there will always be inconsistency in what they believe they should be and what they are."
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The Personality Theory of Karen Horney, 1991.
This paper examines the personality theory of psychoanalyst Karen Horney: Differences with Sigmund Freud, emphasizing social relationships over sexual neuroses.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 56.95
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From the Paper
"This study will examine the personality theory of psychoanalyst Karen Horney. Horney's personality theory was formed in part as a negative response to the theory of Sigmund Freud. Specifically, Horney differed with Freud with respect to the latter's emphasis on the biological aspects of personality development.
Horney, accordingly, did not "believe in the castration and Oedipus complexes as described by Freud, nor did she accept the psychosexual stages of oral, anal, and phallic. She rejected Freud's concept of penis envy as the determining factor in the psychology of women".
Horney argued that Freud was wrong in concluding that aggression was an innate trait in human beings. Horney, to the contrary, argued that aggression was a tool used by the ... "
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Karen Horney, 1995.
This paper discusses the life and career of the German psychologist, Karen Horney, by focusing on her differences with Freud.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 66.95
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From the Paper
"Karen Horney (1895-1952) was born in Hamburg, Germany, daughter of a Norwegian sea captain and a Dutch mother of "free thinking" ways. She was among the first generation of psychiatrists to study under Sigmund Freud, founding father of modern psychoanalysis, after his theories had become generally accepted in European circles in the early 20th century. Unlike Freud, thirty years her senior, Karen Horney's upper-middle-class Protestant credentials grounded her with a sense of social assurance and stability during her upbringing that the older man did not enjoy. Since, by his own records of self-analysis, Freud spent much of his adult life reacting to his childhood traumas of Jewish displacement/disadvantage in the changing Austrian society of the day, Horney's security must be considered an equally important foundation ... "
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Karen Horney, 1999.
Discusses the life, career and major contributions (mature theory and feminine psychology) of this 20th Century anti-Freudian German psychiatrist.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
Karen Horney (1885-1953) was a psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who has become popularly known as a prominent opponent of Freud's approach to feminine psychology. But this work formed only a part of Horney's career and her most important contribution to psychoanalysis is her mature theory, in which she also departed from Freud, that stresses relationships and other social factors as the primary forces operating in the development and functioning of personality.
From the Paper
"Karen Horney (1885-1953) was a psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who has become popularly known as a prominent opponent of Freud's approach to feminine psychology. But this work formed only a part of Horney's career and her most important contribution to psychoanalysis is her mature theory, in which she also departed from Freud, that stresses relationships and other social factors as the primary forces operating in the development and functioning of personality. Horney's theory developed steadily throughout her long career and her departures from psychoanalytic orthodoxy often isolated her at first, and then led to productive work that attracted followers.
Horney was born Karen Danielsen in Hamburg, Germany. In the early part of the century there was, among educated Europeans, a growing "atmosphere of social and political excitement concerning ..."
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Erich Fromm, Rollo May & Karen Horney, 1997.
Examines psychologists' views on human nature, freedom, destiny, isolation, neuroses and morality.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 85.95
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From the Paper
" The Nature of the Human Being
Introduction
The nature of the human being is characterized by the struggle between freedom and destiny. In his book titled Freedom and Destiny, Rollo May discusses the dialectical relationship between the two concepts. Basically, he argues that freedom and destiny are opposing concepts that need each other for either to exist. However, their opposition is what causes the fundamental dilemma that characterizes the human being: who are we and who are we supposed to be? This paper discusses the theories of three psychologists who have addressed this question. For purposes of coherence, the first under discussion is Erich Fromm who argues that human existence is characterized by fundamental contradictions that originate from man's attempt to overcome..'
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Reich, Winnicott, Horney on Self, 2006.
Examines views of the self by psychoanalysts, Wilhelm Reich, Donald Winnicott and Karen Horney.
983 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 41.95
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Abstract
Orgastic potency, the true self and the false self are three concepts elaborated by Wilhelm Reich, Donald Winnicott and Karen Horney describing the healthy mental (and physical) state that every person should strive to attain. The individual approaches that the three theorists adopted in their analysis of character structure include many divergent notions and a small number of consistencies. The paper provides a comparison of Reich's theories and therapeutic technique with those devised by Winnicott and Horney to underline the departures and similarities between the three concepts.
Outline
I. Comparison
1. Centrality of the Body vs. Object Relations
2. Sources of Neurosis
3. Mechanisms of Character Disorders
a. Reich
b. Winnicott
c. Horney
4. Methods of Effective Therapy
a. Reich
b. Winnicott
c. Horney
References
From the Paper
"Winnicott's therapeutic method reproduces the maternal environment where the analyst plays the part of the mother and the patient that of the child. In the context of interactive play, the analyst encourages the patient to regress to childhood and then, by displaying empathy and meeting the patient's needs, embraces the emergence of his "true self".
For Horney, the objective of therapy is to decrease people's anxiety until they are prepared to let go of their neurotic solution."
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Personality Theories Applied to John Lennon, 2001.
A psychology case study on John Lennon using the personality theories of Karen Horney, Abraham Maslow, Gordon Allport and Erik Erikson
5,665 words (approx. 22.7 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 164.95
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Abstract
This paper applies the personality theories of Karen Horney, Erik Erikson, Abraham Maslow, and Gordon Allport to the life of John Lennon. The author gives a detailed analysis of the development stages of each theory, how they apply to John Lennon and how they are used to explain, understand as well as predict behavior.
From the Paper
"Personality is the term used to describe the enduring, stable characteristics of our lives as they are perceived by ourselves and others (Schultz, D. & Schultz, S.,2001). It is consistent throughout our lifetime and across varying situations, and is the driving force behind all our decisions and actions. Formal personality theories are created by psychologists, and are used to explain and understand behavior, as well as predict it. Useful personality theories should be able to be tested, and the results should be used to accept or reject parts of the theory. The best way to test a personality theory is to apply it to a real person, someone who has gone through all the proposed stages or sections of the theory, to see if the components of the theory hold true in real life. A good theory should provide explanations for the various actions and choices that a person has made in their life, a poor theory would leave these questions unanswered."
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Personality and Developmental Stages, 2008.
An overview of personality theories and developmental stages according to Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson and Karen Horney.
2,381 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how psychoanalytic theory has had one of the most influential impacts on personality theory and development. It looks at how Freud, Erikson and Horney have uniquely contributed to the stimulation of new ideas regarding the human psyche and its development from infancy to adulthood to death.
Outline:
Introduction
Freud: Psychoanalytic Theory
Erikson and Development
Horney and Development
From the Paper
"It is of historical interest that although Freud spent nearly his entire life formulating, reformulating and developing his theories into one cohesive framework, the fundamental concepts behind psychoanalytic theory remained unrefined. It would be up to his followers to branch out from his theories, taking with them an important classical psychoanalytic construct that would later become a "neo-Freudian" theory independent of its classical roots. Although they shared the common notion that his view on sexuality was overemphasized, they retained the structural model of the psyche (particularly the ego) and, with regard to development, the different stages with corresponding tasks or conflicts that must be resolved for normal development. "
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Personality Theories, 1982.
This paper discusses and compares several systematic theory of personality: Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Gordon Allport, Karen Horney, Kurt Lewin, Albert Bandura and Eric Berne.
4,275 words (approx. 17.1 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 161.95
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From the Paper
"There are numerous approaches to discovering a systematic theory of personality in order to answer some of the bothersome questions that have developed in psychology regarding this phenomenon. Personality theory must answer first what makes people behave alike, and also what makes people behave differently. The first question tries to find the conditions, factors, and variables that can account for the reactions the members of the human species show in common, and the second tries to explain the observed differences in the behavior of different individuals in response to the same situation. Another problem in personality theory is to explain what remains the same throughout the lifetime of the individual, what there is of personality that survives through time.
Personality theories can be grouped under a number of ... "
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Dream Analysis, 1999.
Describes & compares theories & concepts of Freud, Carl Jung & Karen Horney.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 17 sources, AU$ 142.95
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From the Paper
"This research paper presents dreams according to Freud, Jung, and Horney. The theories of these three analysts are introduced, similarities and differences are noted, and dream analysis viewed by each is discussed.
Theory Discussion: Freud, Jung, & Horney
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) developed psychoanalysis. His work formulated the psychoanalytic view of human nature. He explained the personality as a closed energy system, made up of unconscious instincts, biological drives that will be attended to, conscious and unconscious parts (Id, Ego, Super Ego), anxieties, and defense systems (repression, denial, intellectualization). Childhood experiences and biological..."
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The Case of Karen Leary, 2005.
This paper is an analysis of the case of Karen Leary, which illustrates the problem of cultural conflict in business organizations.
1,860 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the case of Karen Leary, manager for a Merrill Lynch investment company office and Ted Chung, one of her financial consultants, raises issues of management style, the ability to recognize the value of subordinate, and the need to accommodate cultural differences. The author stresses that, given that one of the reasons for hiring Mr. Chung in the first place was to nurture business in Taiwan, the issue of cultural differences becomes especially important and must be addressed early to prevent creating hard feelings and a bad reputation in the target market. The paper analyzes the case in terms of specific elements in the behavior of both Karen Leary and Ted Chung and in light of a consideration of management principles and observed cultural differences between American business and business in Taiwan.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Summary
Karen Leary (A)
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Karen Leary has to determine what to do about his request. Her own background is important to the degree that it informs this case and suggests why she reacts as show does and what decision she is likely to make. Her superiors see her as sales-oriented and as having developed an innovative sales and training program. As manager, she also oversees brokers' trades and has been praised for the way she achieves that task. Her superiors are happy that she has increased business by 30 percent, but some of her underlings are less pleased because she is a hard task master and keeps after them more than they believe she should or needs to do."
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Karen Carpenter, 2004.
This is a paper about abnormal psychology and Karen Carpenter.
1,335 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 53.95
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Abstract
A look at the life of Karen Carpenter and the manner in which she suffered from anorexia nervosa. There are a number of factors in a person's life that can lead to a psychiatric disorder. This paper discusses how it is interesting to look at Karen Carpenter's life and what could have caused her to experience anorexia nervosa.
From the Paper
"Karen Carpenter was born March 2, 1950 in New Haven, CT and moved to Downey, CA in 1963. Karen looked upon herself as a tomboy who enjoyed playing baseball and badminton. By the time Karen was 10, she had a typical and robust appetite. She was popular due to her "funny and caring personality, but was also hurt by other kids teasing her for her tendency to chubbiness. During puberty, her parents felt that her 'weightiness' did not bother her and that she accepted any teasing about it cheerfully (LeadSister.com)." However, a close friend of hers, Frank Bonito, now acknowledges "she always felt she was unattractive. Especially when she became a woman she had large hips. No matter how thin she got on top, her hips were always big' (LeadSister.com)." "
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Karen Blixen (Isak Dinesen), 2008.
This paper discusses the life and works of Karen Blixen, author of "Seven Gothic Tales".
1,179 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the background of Karen Blixen and the tragedies she faced. The paper discusses how Blixen (known as Isak Dinesen) successfully faced the odds in getting her stories "Seven Gothic Tales" published. The paper looks at Blixen's mental images in storytelling and shows how Blixen has changed the world of writing.
Outline:
The Life of Karen Blixen
Isak Dinesen - the Storyteller
Blixen's Mental Images in Storytelling
From the Paper
""What is man, when you come to think upon him, but a minutely set, ingenious machine for turning, with infinite artfulness, the red wine of Shiraz into urine" (Donelson). Karen Blixen was best known as a storyteller who enjoyed using her imagination in her stories such as the Seven Gothic Tales. Blixen was a woman who wanted her collection of stories to be published, but she lived during the time where most publishers wanted novels. Yet, she faced the odds and she was successful in getting her stories published. Looking at her life will show that she faced tragedy, but continued to write as a woman during the days of the Depression."
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