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Institutions and Good Governance, 2008.
An analysis of the social enterprise strategy for rural development in terms of institutions and good governance.
4,061 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 14 sources, APA, AU$ 175.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses good governance of institutions, focusing on social enterprise strategy for rural development. The paper looks into underlying concepts and dimensions of governance. It then discusses the role of the state, the private sector, and civil society in governance in order to understand points of convergence for operating good governance strategies. The paper emphasizes the need to evolve institutions as elemental units for carrying out good governance strategies. Finally, the paper provides a case-in-point - the Local Convergence Initiative for Agrarian Reform and Rural Development (LCIARRD).
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction And Conceptual Framework
Discussion And Review Of Related Literature
Pre-conditions of Good Governance
Essential Actors
The Social Enterprise Alternative
Case-In-Point: The Local Convergence Initiative for Agrarian Reform
and Rural Development (LCIARRD)
Results and Lessons
Synthesis: Imperatives Of Institutions Of Participatory Governance
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Thirdly, critical to all these relational and collaborative institutional platforms that form the important elements and agents of governance and good governance at that, is the establishment and strengthening of mutual accountability and trust. Notable in the preceding case was the reluctance by farmers to contribute their equity and the seeming "risk-aversive" behavior by farmers due perhaps to long experienced cycle of lack of predictability of government policies if not utter neglect thereof in many of the governments half-hearted agricultural intervention programs. Hence, the platform of local convergence initiatives seeks to address this gap by establishing a platform where these key players can work effectively to achieve individual goals and institutionally set development objectives in a way that provides for mutual accountability and building of trust, which is a potent exercise that could be microcosmic of the wider governance environment."
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"Good Night, and Good Luck", 2007.
This paper discusses media ethics in the movie "Good Night, and Good Luck."
999 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
The paper describes how the film, "Good Night, and Good Luck"
takes place in the hostile environment of the "Red Scare" in 1950s America. The paper relates that "Good Night, and Good Luck" tells the story of the CBS broadcast team who overcome immense pressure from sponsors, owners and even the government in an attempt to broadcast the truth to America. The paper examines how the characters face three ethical dilemmas that are a reflection of the difficult ethical choices that exist in the media.
From the Paper
"There are numerous ethical issues facing the characters in "Good Night, and Good Luck." The primary ethical issue is Edward Murrow's quest to maintain what he believes his right from wrong in his reporting of the news. A second ethical issue is Joseph McCarthy's apparent unethical decision to use lies to get his point of view across. He calls anyone that crosses or dares oppose him a Communist. A third ethical decision involves the CBS Studio who decides to turn a blind eye to the in house marriage which is against company rules and regulations."
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Film: "Good Night and Good Luck" (2006), 2007.
This paper is a a visual analysis of the film "Good Night and Good Luck" (2006).
2,580 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 124.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the film "Good Night and Good Luck" is a social commentary and biography of 1950s era CBS television newsman Edward R. Murrow (1908-1965), and the period of the "McCarthy Years". The author points out that the transitions between film shots and real footage was made excellent because both the entire film and the real footage are in black and white and almost always the people inside the CBS studio itself are seen looking at television monitors where this footage is playing. The paper relates that the film was effective visually as a depiction of the 1950s because it was shot it entirely in black and white (as there was no color television in the 1950s), the 1950s-era costumes, the prevalence of cigarette smoke inside the workplace, the 1950s jazz instrumental and vocal music and the overall stark, "no frills" atmosphere of this era and setting.
Table of Contents:
Introduction: A Background History of the Film
Beginning Credits
Lead-in Shots, Techniques, and Attraction of Audience Interest Sequencing of Scenes and Episodes from a Visual Standpoint
Color Scheme and Motifs
Costume Design. Music: How Does Music Support the Visuals? Recurring Visual Motifs and Symbols
A Scene with Only a Little Dialog Dependent on Visuals
The Most Memorable Scene
Camera work: Close ups? Distance shots? Unusual Angles?
Closing Scenes
Observations
From the Paper
"The credits at the beginning of "Good Night and Good Luck" appear, interspersed with various lead-in shots of newsmen dressed in 1950's era tuxedos and smoking cigarettes, along with a few women in evening dress, waiting for a speech by Edward R. Murrow. The credits are not given all at once, but rather, mixed in, at evenly-timed short intervals, among the opening shots. The opening credits are not extensive, but mention only the director, producer, and a few others. When these few credits are over, then, wed are already involved in the lead in action of the movie, ..."
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Behind Every Good Man is a Good Woman, 2003.
The following paper presents a detailed examination of women in the confederacy.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 9 sources, AU$ 74.95
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Abstract
The writer discusses the duties and involvement that women had in the way as well as examples of patriotism shown by women. We are also given some examples of female heroines from the war.
From the paper:
?When we think about a Southern Belle, we envision a pale, fragile wisp of a woman who swoons if it gets to hot. She is delicate and beautiful and must be taken care of by a man. Over the last centuries this is the image that we have adopted when it comes to the way we perceive Southern women. The reality however is much different. Even during the Civil War women of the Confederate side were tough, capable and willing to do what ever it took to win the war effort against the North.?
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E-Government, Information Technology and Governance, 2002.
A paper which discusses ways in which E-governments can be seen as a threat or an opportunity to developing countries.
6,296 words (approx. 25.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 235.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the concept of E-Government as a strategy used by governments in and around developing countries to use new technologies to provide people with more convenient access to government information and services. These are for the improvement of the quality of services and to provide greater opportunities to participate in the democratic institutions and processes.
The paper provides an in-depth, critical appraisal of the opportunities and threats ushered in by the new concept and practice of E-Government as transferred to developing countries. Ways in which developing countries may cope with the phenomenon of E-government as well as advances in information technology and governance, are discussed. In addition, it also examines the strategies and tools that policymakers use to preserve the benefits as well as to avoid or lessen the costs involved.
From the Paper
"The issue of Electronic Government (E. Government) , with particular regards to the advantages and disadvantages of its implementation and use, has been the subject of considerable debate and numerous studies in both the developed and the developing worlds. This paper seeks to explore the capacity of the developing world to fully utilize the opportunities E-government presents. However, to obtain maximum effect it is also necessary to determine what negative impacts might be and how best to approach them. In the discussion, an attempt will be made to explain why many of these negatives may not be totally eliminated as some are intrinsically intertwined with the benefits to be gained, while others derive from social conditions such as cultural differences, lack of resources, training and education. Consequently, development managers and policy makers in the developing world have come under severe pressure as it is their duty to find ways to sustain the opportunities presented by E-government while at the same time reducing the harmful effects. The paper postulates that this can only be achieved through technical changes such as trained personnel, increased availability of technology and conditional changes such as rules and regulations, social capital, capacity building etc."
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Corporate Governance, 2004.
This paper discusses corporate governance, which is the interrelationship of shareholders, employees, the management, the board of directors, and the government.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 110.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that statutes such as corporate laws, security laws, and accounting practices, maintain the balance between management and shareholders. The author points out that an important factor in corporate governance is the vital difference between the governance of public and of private institutions. Private institutions must be capable of producing a profit, while the public sector must be more transparent than the private sector. The paper stresses that stakeholders, investors, and the government have a right to demand information, and the duty of a well-governed corporation is to provide this information upon demand.
From the Paper
"The compensation for the top management is one of the major issues of corporate governance today. The primary reason for offering stocks to executives was for raising the share prices and thereby increasing its value for both investors as well as shareholders. Though this proved to be a major success, there were a few executives who would not disclose their stock options or would not make full use of the stock options offered to them. This caused inefficiency in the financial market. Investors were misled, the market information was falsified, and a few even created an artificial value when there actually was none. This only led to disaster, as for example, what happened in the USA in the nineteenth century. This was the time of market innovations such as the railroad and the telegraph. A certain few with adequate foresight rose in their position as important figures, such as John Rockefeller. Such people enjoyed a great freedom in being able to build their businesses and racing much ahead of the competition."
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Corporate Governance on Malawi's Commercial Banks, 2008.
An assessment of corporate governance of Malawi's commercial banks.
14,002 words (approx. 56.0 pages), 20 sources, APA, AU$ 400.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the effectiveness of corporate governance in banking and financial systems in Malawi, an African developing economy. The paper begins with a discussion on the history of Malawi combined with a short explanation of its economy and past laws affecting the banking industry. The banking industry in Malawi is then critiqued along with a general discussion of the manner in which banks operate and affect a country's economy. Next, the paper analyzes the larger financial institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund in the context of Malawi's economy. In addition, the available literature on the topic is outlined, broken down into different sections. Furthermore, the paper assesses the effectiveness of corporate governance in Malawi's financial sector and proposes a study for future work. Finally, predicted results of the study are outlined, and well as recommendations for implementing and establishing better guidelines for corporate governance in Malawi's financial services and banking industry.
Outline:
Proposal
Introduction:
Corporate Governance in Malawi
Proposal Conclusion
An Overview of the Role of Commercial Banks
Malawi's Financial Services & Banking System
Literature Review
Public Sector Management
Public Policy Formulation
Decentralization
Corporate Governance
Purpose of the Study & Methodology
Proposed Study Methodology
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The effectiveness of corporate governance in Malawi's commercial banks is an important issue given the essential role banks play in the financial systems of developing economies and the widespread banking reforms that these economies have implemented. Although the subject of corporate governance in developing economies has recently received a lot of attention in the literature, the effectiveness of corporate governance of banks in Malawi has been almost ignored by researchers. In developed economies, the corporate governance of banks has only recently been discussed in the literature. In order to address this research deficiency, this paper discusses some of the key concepts and issues for the corporate governance of banks in Malawi that can be applied to other developing economies. In many developing economies, the issue of bank corporate governance is complicated by extensive political intervention in the operation of the banking system. Malawi is a low income country where economic development is a priority for a future stable economy. Economic development consists of capacity building, good governance and economic reform. Acquired skills cannot be utilized fully and institutions cannot operate efficiently without good governance; similarly, economic reform cannot be implemented properly without institutions that are functioning well ."
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Power, Institutions, and the Role of Public Administration, 2008.
A review of the role of public administration in society, as an instrument of the state, in assisting citizens.
2,614 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 126.95
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Abstract
The paper states that public administration is crucial to the achievement of developmental aims and that it is substantially inextricable from its wider governance and societal structures and social milieus. The paper relates that an important unit of analysis is the nature of institutions and the "inherently" perceived phenomenon of power dynamics. The concept of power is important in understanding the intra- and inter-organizational political dynamics and reality of public institutions. The paper further states that it is crucial to understand the nature and role of public administration in society in light of globalization and changing role of the state. Lastly, the paper looks at the evolving role of public administration as an instrument of the state in "serving" citizens.
Outline:
Power and Institutions
Intergovernmental Relations: Bargaining and Negotiating
Public Administration in Democratic Governance
UNDP Governance Characteristics
Role of Government
Development Goals (MDGs)
From the Paper
"Thus, there is an imminent need to provide for a more balanced and holistic perspective of power in institutions so as to mitigate its predatory consequences and ensure positive implications on current normative trend espousing respect for human rights and rights of minority. The benign conceptualization of power dynamics in political institution, in a way, has a terrible effect on policies and public administration as it would seem espousing for institutionalized discrimination and oppression while benefiting others (usually those holding power or associated with them)."
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Analyzing the ?Right? Institutions in International Relations, 2003.
A discussion and evaluation of institutions such as democracy and human rights and their applicability to international relations.
1,032 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 58.95
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Abstract
If all countries had the right institutions, the world would be more peaceful, prosperous and just, but the institutions considered ?right? do not necessarily have to be democracy, human rights and free markets. Evaluating international relations is difficult because each situation requires different institutions; however, history provides a reasonable basis for analysis. History suggests that the correction or elimination of troublesome institutions would greatly contribute to world stability and cooperation, but recognition of the ?right? institutions to replace them proves difficult and arbitrary. This essay evaluates American ideals for international relations. It questions the universal appeal of democracy and other "right" institutions. It uses historical examples such as the two World Wars as case studies to support its claims.
From the Paper
"In contrast, the institutions causing World War II could have been avoided more easily. World War II was largely the result of an inadequate conclusion to the war preceding it and growing institutions such as nationalism. The victorious countries of WWI were blinded by their pursuit of the ?right? institutions such as democracy, so they inadvertently recharged international tension by thrusting a weak democratic republic on an unwilling German populace. In this case, the ?right? institution would have been one that the Germans chose rather than necessarily requiring democracy. Also, the quest for an adequate balance of power had created poorly constructed boundaries between countries, often ignoring the nationalities of the inhabitants. These causes of friction led to unrest and the escalation of conflict to yet another World War."
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The Failure of International Institutions, 2005.
This paper argues that international institutions fail because actors like the U.S. refuse to allow them to work effectively.
2,990 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper, based on John Mearsheimer's article, "The False Promise of International Institutions", argues against the effectiveness of international institutions by attacking three leading institutionalist theories: Liberal institutionalism, collective security and critical theory. The author points out that international institutions have failed up to this point because they do not have in place effective mechanisms for those who break international law and there are double standards in these institutions, which clearly favor the more powerful states. The paper concludes by offering suggestions for a re-organization in international institutions, which will result in more positive conclusions resulting in a more interdependent, cooperative international society.
From the Paper
"The attack upon liberal institutionalism suggests that this idea does not provide a sound basis for understanding international relations or promoting worldwide stability. This argument is based upon the fact that liberal institutionalism focuses on cooperation and avoids the direct question, which propounds on whether or not international institutions cause peace. Another strong argument against liberal institutionalism besides its narrow definition of "cooperation" is that it virtually ignores the other major obstacle to cooperation: relative-gain concerns. A prime example of this in current institutional history can be gleaned from the arguments made against Turkey's inclusion into the EU, which appear to be much less concerned with Turkey "cheating" the system and much more about relative-gain concerns with regards to this new addition. "EU Business" backs this assertion with forecasting high costs for European taxpayers when "EU Agriculture Commissioner Franz warned last month that Turkey's inclusion could cost 11.3 billion Euros a year in agricultural subsidies" and "EU regional development aid could reach 10 billion Euros a year.""
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Risk Management in Financial Institutions, 2002.
This paper discusses the article "Risk Management in Financial Institutions" by George Oldfield and Anthony Santomero.
966 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 55.95
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Abstract
The paper studies the article in order to address two issues associated with risk exposure for financial institutions. The writer asks the questions and then finds within the article that different styles of risk mitigation are applicable to all types of financial institutions, although the balance among these mitigation strategies will vary by institutional type and by institution within institutional types depending upon an institution?s needs at any given time.
From the Paper
"The first question facing a financial institution, thus, is whether to manage risk or avoid risk. Costs are involved for a financial institution regardless of the nature of the decision on this issue. Thus, the decision itself boils down to a question of which decision likely risks the greater costs for the institution. At this level, a financial institution may avoid risks through business practices that minimize risk exposure or the institution may transfer risks to other participants. In the first instance, the financial institution will forego some level of business activity to minimize risk exposure. The question revolves around the issue of whether potential loss of profits from business not conducted likely would exceed any losses associated with the higher level of risk exposure. In the second instance, the financial institution will need to compensate in some way other participants for assuming risk. The question in this instance revolves around the issue of whether the costs of compensating other participants likely would exceed any losses associated with retaining the risks by the financial institution."
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Changes in Corporate Governance, 2006.
An examination of the Fannie Mae scandal and the recent changes in corporate governance.
3,407 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 155.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author examines the scandal that surrounds the Fannie Mae company (also known as The Federal National Mortgage Association), which is a U.S. government chartered company, providing mortgages for low-income persons. The author looks at the Fannie Mae company together with its rival Freddie Mac as accounting for half of America's home mortgages. The author proceeds to detail the scandal that surrounded the Fannie Mae company as a result of the accounting strategy which helped the company hit its earnings-per-share targets and rewarded the top executives generously. The author also details the response of Fannie Mae to the findings against them. The paper discusses the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 which was instituted to try and prevent these sorts of scandals in large corporations. Finally, the author concludes that with the deadline of the new Sarbanes-Oxley Act, there will probably be more significant changes in the future.
Outline:
Introduction
Background of Fannie Mae Scandal
Fannie Mae's Response
Issue
Recent Changes in Corporate Governance Which May Help Elevate Problems
Recommended Changes in Corporate Governance for Fannie Mae
Conclusion
From the Paper
"However, Fannie's assertions may not have been completely true. As regulators began to look into Fannie Mae's accounting records, it was discovered that Fannie Mae was plagued with many of the same problems present in Freddie Mac. "Armond Falcon Jr., top federal regulator of the two home mortgage financing agencies, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, accused Fannie Mae officials of pervasive and willful misapplication of standard accounting rules." (Toedtman, 2004, p. A57) Targets of the investigation for mismanagement were the top two offices in the company. At the management helm of Fannie Mae is Chief Executive Office Franklin D. Raines, who served as White House Budget Director during the Clinton administration, followed by the Chief Financial Officer, Timothy Howard, who has the primary responsibilities for fiscal management."
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HIV/AIDS Mitigation, 2008.
This paper examines good governance in the prevention and mitigation of HIV/AIDS, specifically as evidenced in the HIV/AIDS program of Zamboanga City, a highly-urbanized city in the Philippines.
6,910 words (approx. 27.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 251.95
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Abstract
This paper stresses that stopping the spread of HIV/AIDS has to be made integral to any development endeavor aimed at improving the lives and well-being of citizens of the world. The author points out that the United Nations acknowledges that good governance has to be integrated into the creation and management of institutions, processes and programs aimed at beating the targets set forth in the "Millennium Declaration of 2000". The paper reviews and analyzes the present and future scenario of HIV/AIDS prevention and mitigation in the Philippines and identifies some elements of intervention needed to operationalize a strategy for good governance. The author underscores that the HIV/AIDS program of Zamboanga city is built around improved capacities for public administration and civil service, decentralization in delivery of services, transparency and accountability, expanded role of civil-society, and the centrality of participation grounded on the rule of law and human rights.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Conceptual Framework
Related Literature
Pro-Poor Policy Framework
Public Administration and Civil Services
Decentralization and Delivery of Services
Accountability and Transparency Situations and Context of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Socio-Economic Impact of HIV Aids
Participatory Approach
Cultural and Moral Dimensions
Grounding Development
Mobilizing the Cultural Resources
Key Lessons in Good Governance from the United Nations
Case in Point: Zamboanga City HIV/AIDS Program
Public-Civil Society Partnership
Organization and Management
Community-Oriented/ Community Based
Innovative Optimized Use of Infrastructure Support
Livelihood Assistance
Financial Resources
Lessons from HIV/Program Implementation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to the United Nations, a critical requisite for achieving the MDG's is a conducive and coherent policy framework. This involves first, the contextualization of the goals by each country, and down to identifying sectoral concerns and on to effective local responses. Responses and interventions to HIVAIDS entails a national policy framework that provides for effective decentralization of action and one that effectively coordinate implementation and resource mobilization as well as achieve a critical mass of support from the public in a much cost effective way. The policy framework to be pro-poor means, that it recognizes the social and economic implications of HIV/AIDS and seeks to integrate social and economic interventions to mitigate the spread of the infection and disease."
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Bulgarian Financial Markets and Institutions, 2001.
A comparison of the financial markets, institutions and instruments existing in Bulgaria with those in the United States of America.
1,944 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper compares Bulgarian and American financial markets, institutions and instruments on the level of existence and development. Following a comprehensive comparison table is the actual explanation of every type of financial institutions/instrument in the context of its development in Bulgaria. A part of the paper points financial institutions/instruments that exist in Bulgaria but not in the USA. Another part of the paper proposes development of the most needed financial institution at present.
From the Paper
"One of the institutions that does not exist in the United States but is present in Bulgaria regards the central bank of the country. Bulgarian National Bank was created in 1879 and was initially functioning as a regular bank. During the Communist regime in the country its operation was terminated and in 1991 was resumed with the acceptance of the Central Bank Law and The Bank and Credit Law. These laws were changed significantly in 1997 when Bulgaria was placed under Currency Board. Presently the central bank is transformed in such a way so that it can work as a Currency Board. Its balance includes both Bank and Currency Board entries. The currency reserve, which includes foreign currency, gold and foreign securities, covers the money in circulation, commercial banks deposits and government deposits. The Lev is tied to the Deutch Mark (1DEM=1Lev). According to the present regulations, BNB cannot give credit the government. Commercial banks are allowed credit but to a limited extent. This is possible only in cases when systematic liquidation risk exists. The maximum period of credit is 3 months and a deposit of gold of foreign securities is required. Yet, the credit of commercial banks is possible only if ?surplus? in the balance of BNB exists."
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Institutions and Economics, 2003.
The role of institutions in economic development is discussed.
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 127.95
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Abstract
The role of institutions in economic development is discussed in this paper. Institutions are defined, and their effects on growth examined. The paper argues that institutions may encourage or retard growth and a country's development.
From the Paper
"Institutions are a very important part of development. In the concept of institutional economics in fact institutions are the main factor for whether development does or does not happen in a country ..."
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Corporate Governance, 2004.
This paper discusses corporate governance, which guarantees that organizations function in the interests of their owners and society.
5,065 words (approx. 20.3 pages), 43 sources, APA, AU$ 204.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that corporate governance has been successful in drawing public interest because of its being synonymous with takeovers, financial restructuring, and activities of institutional investors. The author points out that, looking at owners as principals and managers as their agents, insight has concentrated on the tribulations, the principals possess in making sure that their agents work in the proper way. The paper relates that, according to the stewardship model, managers are protectors of the enterprise and work industriously to reach increased standards of corporate benefits and investors returns.
From the Paper
"The second problem infers from the first and is about setting aside suitable incentives to keep the behavior of agent with that of the principal. Since managers don?t have reach to residual earnings, their incentives are obtained from other sources. Usually it is contemplated that managers in their pursuit of gratifying their promotional interest and satisfying the goal of augmenting their income attempt to enhance the size of the organization-linking managerial pay with that of the size of the company. Therefore chances subsist that managerial policy may render the organization of taking it ahead of its best possible size and into operations that tends to decease profitability or else deviate from shareholder?s benefit. Consequently, in terms of the modern economic theory, difficulties abound as to how shareholders are in command of their agents who are managers and the manner in which they look for placing their individual interests. Concurrently, modern social theory indicates that there are also difficulties as to the situation that other stakeholders stand to loose their financial incentives if the interests of the principals and agents are united."
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