| Papers [1-16] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "INFANT BEHAVIOR": |
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Infant Behavior, 2004.
Description of a toddler's behavior in a private home setting.
1,608 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the setting during an observation period of a toddler and the cognitive and social behavior of that toddler. The observer notes that the study revealed how communicative and social a young toddler could be.
From the Paper
"The environment in which the toddler is observed is a private home, approximately 2500 square feet. The primary areas that the toddler interact in include a large family area with an entertainment center, two couches, and several ?play stations? including a toddler walker toy, several push toys, a couple of large image books, a giant Elmo stuffed animal and a puzzle. The toddler also moved about the kitchen, which was wide and open, had hardwood floors and a dining area where the toddler?s high chair was set up. There were several gates positioned through doorways to block the toddler from accessing other areas of the home."
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The Infant as an Onlooker, 2008.
This paper explores how parental modeling can influence the development of phobias and anxiety disorders in infants.
2,328 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 104.95
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Abstract
The paper predicts that negative emotional modeling will influence infants' behavior, causing them to become more afraid of specific events or situations. The paper then focuses on two studies that demonstrate how parental modeling is a decisive factor in the development of fear and anxiety in children. The paper uses this evidence to support the prediction that fear and anxious behaviors can be acquired passively through observation.
Outline:
Mother Knows Best: Effects of Maternal Modeling on the Acquisition
Transmission of Social Anxiety from Mother to Infant
Discussion
From the Paper
"Fear and anxiety are a natural phenomenon in most people's lives. When these fears and anxieties become overwhelming to an individuals daily activities the individual may be suffering from one or more anxiety disorders. Phobias are one of the many anxiety disorders that can affect the lives of individuals. The DSM-IV-TR defines a phobia as a disruptive fear of a particular object or situation that is out of proportion to any danger posed. The person recognizes that the fear is excessive but still goes to great lengths to avoid the feared object or situation. The symptoms are so intense that they cause distress or interfere with the persons' social or occupational activities (Kring, Davison, Neale, and Johnson 2006). Phobias are one of the most abundant psychological disorders diagnosed by psychiatrists. Many people seek professional help for these types of anxieties disorders. Fortunately most phobias can be treated and eventually cured with the appropriate psychological treatments. Research has established that the onset of many phobias occurs early in an individuals' childhood or adolescence years."
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Infant Child Care and Attachment, 2004.
This paper discusses that infant child care affects a child?s emotional attachment to his parents and shapes his future behavioral profile.
2,610 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 17 sources, MLA, AU$ 114.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that a child?s attachment to its caregivers is assessed in terms of security because a secure attachment to caregivers engenders confidence in a child, facilitating and promoting his exploration of the world around him, ensuring that, in the event of anxiety or discomfort, the child will return to the security of the foundation provided by those caregivers. The author points out that a study has established that time spent in daycare, regardless of the quality of that daycare, correlates directly with the predictable problem profile of projected child behaviors. The paper concludes that a division of roles between parent and alternative caregiver, ?shared care?, provides a better sense of attachment, meaning security for the child and making better emotional and developmental opportunities for the child.
From the Paper
"Structural features were found in the National Day Care Study. and had considerable effects on the manifest well-being of the infants in the day care settings that formed part of the sample. Dynamic features, the quality and frequency of interactions between the care-givers and the children, were seen to have a profound effect on self-esteem, physical and cognitive abilities. It was seen, however, that contextual features are perhaps the most potent at work in the definition of quality childcare: Child outcomes depend less on the form of care than on characteristics of the setting."
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A Nursing Assessment of Infant Pain, 2005.
A review of the assessment of pain in infants proving that infants experience pain more acutely than adults.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper is a literature review of a quantitative research study based on pain assessment of neonates and the corresponding practice of documenting findings of the pain assessment. The author's beliefs and findings were consistent with other research in the area that while the belief is strong in the need to follow recommended assessments and use prescribed assessments tools, the practice of documenting assessment findings is inconsistent - in other words, pain assessments may take place, but little documentation exists.
From the Paper
"Infants experience pain more acutely than do adults (Reyes, 2003). This is a concept that has radically changed since the time when the medical profession was of the belief that infants did not experience pain at all due to nerve fibers that were yet to develop myelinated sheaths. Also changing, has been technology and nursing practices related to neonatal pain assessment. This paper will analyze the October, 2003 article: Nursing Assessment of Pain, published in the Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing (Reyes, 2003). The analysis presentation will follow class report review guidelines, focusing on why this study is important to the field of nursing."
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Infant-Father Attachment, 2002.
A discussion of infant-father attachment and the impact on the development on the infant.
3,568 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 144.95
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Abstract
This paper examines, through a literature review, the infant-father relationship. It looks at how most research has illustrated the importance of infant-mother relationship, without an equal consideration of the role of the father in infant-father relationships even though with the changing family structure and social beliefs, more fathers are spending time with their infants. It evaluates how expectant fathers want to be a part of the birthing experience and how the surge of interest by fathers has given rise to many studies that have sought to establish the impact of early father-infant bonding on their relationship later on.
From the Paper
"The renewed scientific interest in the early seventies explored the stereotypical perception of fathers who were regarded as harsh disciplinarians and could not interact intimately with their infants (Rosenblith, 1992, p. 484). A study conducted on Australian fathers revealed that only 34 percent of the fathers believed that they could take care of their children (in Rosenblith, 1992, p. 484). However, another study revealed the complexity of some fathers? feelings toward these stereotypical notions. In the study, although most of the fathers? conceptions of their roles cohered with the stereotype, they also believed that fathers should be emotionally responsive and play with their infants (Rosenblith, 1992, p. 484). Therefore, even though they shared some stereotypical beliefs, they also possessed ideas that veer radically away from stereotype."
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Infant Baptism and Circumcision, 2006.
An analysis of John Calvin's views on the Christian practices of infant baptism and circumcision.
3,000 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 128.95
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Abstract
This paper studies John Calvin's work "Institutes of the Christian Religion," in which he addresses the issues of infant baptism and circumcision within the Christian faiths. The paper shows that Calvin believed that infant baptism is a divine institution, which infants can not be deprived of without violating the will of God. The paper also demonstrates how Calvin paralleled the practice of baptism for the Christians with circumcision for the Jews, as based on the Scripture. The paper begins with an explanation of the baptismal rituals and their historical and religious development. Next, the paper explores the ritual of circumcision within the Bible and discusses its connection to infant baptism. The paper then presents the views of religious authorities who oppose infant baptism, before concluding with a detailed summary of Calvin's views in favor of it.
Outline
Introduction
Definition of Baptism
Infant Baptism -Historical Perspective
The Meaning of Circumcision
Circumcision and Infant Baptism
Those Opposing Baptism
Calvin's Defense of the practice of Infant Baptism and Circumcision
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Calvin instantly attempts to show the continuity between baptism and circumcision (3). He argues that the regeneration of the Abrahamic covenant and institution of circumcision connected in Genesis included "the promise of eternal life." He says Christ Himself implies this in Mathew , and Paul testify it almost explicitly Calvin points out that the proof that circumcision is an external rite equivalent to an internal regenerative work of divine grace is the statements in Dt. 10:16 and 30:6 that God circumcises the hearts; in other words, external circumcision is a counterpart to the preceding internal circumcision. Circumcision indicates the purging from sin, the setting aside of the sinful flesh, and a public testimony of obedience, the very things baptism is said to specify. In sum, both circumcision and baptism signify the preceding work of regeneration (4). The disparity between the two ceremonies, asserts Calvin, is not in the internal work both indicate, but just in the external aspect of the rite."
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The Short and Long Term Memory of Infants, 2008.
An analysis of the literature regarding the presence or absence of memory in infants aged 6-12 months.
1,461 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the literature regarding long term and short term memory in infants, focusing on infants aged 6-12 months. The paper hypothesizes that short and long term memory is evident in infants and that evidence of this will exist in some infants, while it will not exist in others. The paper also looks at the role that environment plays in determining the retention of memory.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Methodology
Literature Review
From the Paper
"Bergman, Mahler and Pine (2000) conducted research in relation to infant memory and have concluded that the events that occur within an infant's life not only can be recalled, but are the basis for personality development throughout life (p. 6). This information is based on a theory of the infant-mother relationship in which Bergman, Mahler and Pine (2000) stipulate serves as the foundation of all memory in infancy and supports cognitive development consistently (p. 6). The researchers have concluded that it is this relationship that will indicate whether or not the person has later psychological issues that must be addressed and this relationship that affects how the person will ultimately function in the world. This research, however, is limited because it only provides for a comparison of theories that are then evaluated to support the research concept and it draws conclusions about infant memory that are not based on actual data from the observation of participants."
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Human Development: An Infant Observation, 2000.
This paper describes the observation of a child under the age of one, focusing on motor development, cognitive adaptive abilities, language, social-emotional behavior, and temperament.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper describes observation of a child under the age of one, focusing on motor development, cognitive adaptive abilities, language, social-emotional behavior, and temperament. Includes in depth charts on assessing each of these categories. Compiles the works of Thomas Chess and Birch, Piaget, the Bayley Scale of Infant Development, Denver Developmental Screening Test.
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Infant Development, 2007.
An analysis on the role of the father in healthy infant development and the mother's ability to cope.
3,565 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 144.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses father involvement in infant development. It describes the importance of father involvement in terms of the mother's ability to cope and need for support, as well as the benefits that it has on the infant. The paper analyzes studies that suggest that infants with closer father involvement, are more well-adjusted than infants who lack this relationship with their fathers.
From the Paper
"Stern advises parents to know the stages of infant development so that they can anticipate the challenges and joys of its growth (Gould, 2006). When the mother requires more than a support network or when difficulties arise between parent and the infant on the latter's temperament, interventions from qualified infant mental health practitioners may be necessary. Both parents should be emotionally prepared during pregnancy so as to prevent emotional difficulties and problems from forming when the baby is born. The birth of a new baby should always be a happy event but this is not always the case. Some families face severe stressors like financial distress, young or unwanted pregnancies, traumatic abuse or some other conditions. Resorting to active intervention will not only provide the support and insight needed but also open up unseen possibilities in a new light (Gould)."
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Abandoned & Medically Fragile Infants: Assistance Act of 1995, 2002.
A study on the New Jersey legislation, "Abandoned and Medically Fragile Infants Assistance Act of 1995".
1,920 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the New Jersey legislation, "Assistance Act of 1995" for abandoned and medically fragile infants, which was designed to curb the continuously increasing numbers of infants who were either abandoned by parents who are simply incapable of providing proper nurturing environment for their child. It explores the possible social reasons for the abandonment. The paper describes grants and provision of services available and foster families and foster care institutes to better utilize them for the benefit of all those medically fragile infants.
Table of Contents
Review of the Act
Purpose of the Act
Congress Research Findings
Grants for Projects/Services
Priority in Provision of Services
Case Plan With Respect to Foster Care
Administration of Grant
Requirements of Application:
Grants to provide nurturing home environments & family-centered services for medically fragile infants
Evaluations, Studies & Reports by Secretary
Definitions
Abandoned' & Abandonment
Dangerous Drugs
Natural Family
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Secretary
Authorization of Appropriations
Recommendations
Works Cited
From the Paper
"On March 16, 1995, ?In the House of Representatives?, Mr. Payne of New Jersey introduced a bill, which was referred to the Committee on Economic and Educational Opportunities. The main motive behind this act was to establish a program that would assist abandoned and medically fragile infants. Consequently; the bill was cited as ?Abandoned and Medically Fragile Infants Assistance Act of 1995?".
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Infant Attachment, 2003.
A discussion of infant attachment and the effect on it of maternal employment outside of the home.
2,990 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 150.95
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Abstract
This paper studies infant attachment and examines the effect of the mother working outside of the home. The paper begins by discussing theories of infant attachment and its importance. Next the paper reviews the literature on infant-mother attachment and the factors that affect attachment. Then the paper concludes with an analysis of whether or not there is an impact of maternal employment on infant-mother attachment.
From the Paper
"The bonding between an infant and the primary caregiver -- usually the mother -- is thought by many psychologists to be an important step for building future relationships and personality. Psychologists originally believed that attachment was..."
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Infant Physical Development, 2002.
This paper discusses the month-by-month physical development of infants.
955 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 13 sources, MLA, AU$ 48.95
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Abstract
Physical growth rates among infants vary greatly; therefore parents should not compare the physical growth of their infants with that of another child believes the author of this paper. The author also believes that physical development or maturity (maturation) cannot be taught to an infant but rather is dependent on the development of the baby?s muscles and bones.
Tables of Contents
General Appearance
Infant Skin
Movement and Mobility
Strength
Bones
Physical Development
From the Paper
"During the study of physical development of infants, it was found that the growth in all infants is not always the same. Babies grow at his or her own rate and learn things according to his or her own capabilities and environment. It is therefore advisable to the parents to not to compare the growth of their infants with that of the other as the growth rate among children vary to a considerable extent."
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Parenting Stress and Low-Birth Weight Infants, 2002.
Evaluates the article "Maternal Psychological Distress and Parenting Stress and Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants" (L.T. Singer, et al. 1999).
975 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a summary and evaluation of an article on family adaptation during the postpartum period to low birth weight infants, entitled "Maternal Psychological Distress and Parenting Stress and Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants". The purpose of the article was to determine both the degree and the type of stress experienced over time by mothers of infants with varying degrees of prematurity and medical and development risk. The article, authored by Singer and associates (1999) is summarized in terms of its theoretical framework, hypotheses, methodology, sample, findings, and conclusions. It is then analyzed in terms of its strengths and weaknesses and its relevance to the practice of midwifery.
From the Paper
"Results of the study were said to show that mothers of VLBW infants evidenced significantly more psychological distress than mothers of term infants at one mother of age. By two years of age, mothers of of low-risk VLBW infants did not differ in psychological distress from term mothers; however, mothers of high risk VLBW infants continued to show high levels of distress.
At three years of age, mothers of high-risk VLBW children did not differ from mothers of term children in distress symptoms, but parenting stress remained greater. Severity of maternal depression was found to be related to lower child developmental outcomes in both VLBW groups."
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Managing Infant Pain, 2004.
An analysis of different nursing practices in managing infant pain.
3,367 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 139.95
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Abstract
This paper contends that because infants cannot report their pain, they are often vulnerable to under treatment. The paper explains how infants must rely on caregivers to interpret cues of pain and to manage the pain accordingly. The paper claims that nurses are therefore an important advocate for the interpretation and control of pain. The paper outlines the many pain inventories that help the staff assess the infants' pain level and contends that due to this, there are conflicts as to the best method to assess pain. The paper examines the lack of standardized pain assessment and the best method for pain management, citing that this creates a risk for ineffective pain relief for this vulnerable population.
From the Paper
"The nurse is a vital advocate for the infant undergoing any painful procedure. Assessing infant pain is a complex phenomenon that continues to challenge nurses daily. Identifying behaviors may be the key in developing newborn pain assessment efforts. The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage" (McCaffery & Pasero, 1999). The IASP recently added to their original definition that states that the inability to communicate in no way negates the possibility that an individual is experiencing pain and is in need of appropriate pain relieving treatment (Gibbins, Stevens, Hodnett, Pinelli, Ohlsson, Arne, & Darlington, 2002). The IASP revision incorporates persons who cannot communicate their pain, such as neonates, must rely on others to make inferences from behavioral and physiological indices for the assessment and management of pain (Gibbins et al., 2002). "
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Health Care Disparities in Infant Mortality, 2004.
A look at why black infants are twice as likely to die within the first month of life than their white counterparts.
3,614 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 146.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the race-specific mortality information on newborns and the persistent trend indicated by this information that black infants are twice as likely to die in their first month of life than white infants. The paper attempts to address this inconsistency in survival rates and identify potential changes in health care delivery systems that could help eliminate racial factors in infant mortality.
From the Paper
"The U.S. government has identified six classes of racial and ethnic minority discrepancies in health care access, experience, and outcomes. In addition to infant mortality issues, the areas also include cancer screening and management, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, HIV infection and AIDS, and immunizations. In 1998 the presidential goal was established committing governmental resources to eliminating these health care differences and improving the overall health of all Americans. This involved contributions by the Health and Human Services (HHS) department. The strategies for administering these goals were written up in the Healthy People 2010, a revision of Healthy People 2000, specifically addressing the greater degree of illness and death experienced by minorities. Through this agenda, targeted disparities were identified, reliable national data was accumulated, near-term goals outlined, and Department leadership and resources put forth to accomplishing improvements in the health care provided to affected groups (HHS, 2000)."
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Infant Massage, 2004.
Discusses the history and benefits of infant massage.
1,571 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 75.95
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Abstract
Infant massaging is usually performed by nurses on newborns, especially premature babies. This paper examines the history of massaging infants and then shows how more and more parents are moving towards this practice as a regular part of their bonding experience with their child. The paper looks at the benefits of infant massaging and explains several techniques.
From the Paper
"Massage is beginning to receive wide acceptance in hospital nurseries, and has become an important part of neonatal care along with other strategies designed to soothe the newborn, such as controlling noise levels, avoiding bright lights, and positioning the babies in ways comfortable to them. This can include swaddling, or wrapping the baby tightly in a blanket (Mainous, 2002). All of it together does constitute a kind of respect for the needs of the newborn baby just brought into a world that is harsh and startlingly different than the womb."
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