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Inequality and the Rich-Poor Divide, 2006.
This article discusses if there is inequality between the rich and poor, and if there is, how intense it is.
1,321 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 71.95
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Abstract
Are the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer? The author brings a variety of articles that discuss the concept of inequality and how serious it really is. One article shows how income and wealth are not the same thing, another shows how rich and poor groups keep on changing, yet another discusses whether inequality is actually a problem, and finally an article defining the poverty gap as both income and asset poverty. There are differing views on what inequality consists of and what is problematic or just a product of the natural economy. The author concludes with these unresolved arguments and shows how complex the situation is.
From the Paper
"An article published in the Multinational Monitor titled "The Wealth Divide: The Growing Gap in the United States Between the Rich and the Rest" presents an interview with Edward Wolff, a professor of economics at New York University. The article provides information on the wealth gap in the United States, starting by noting that there is a difference between wealth and income. Wolff describes how wealth refers to the things that people own, including a home, real estate, shares, general belongings, and savings. One of the important things about wealth is that it determines how much income a person needs. For example, a person who owns their home outright and does not have a mortgage will be better off than a person who does not own their home, even if the two individuals have the same level of income. The other important point about wealth is that it provides a measure of security when individuals are unable to produce income for any reason. Wolff also describes trends and statistics regarding wealth in the article. These statistics include that in 1998, the richest one percent of households had 38 percent of all wealth and that the gap between the most wealthy and the least wealthy becomes constantly larger. This shows the extent of the inequality that exists in regards to wealth. It also shows how the wealthiest people make up only a small amount of the total population, yet have over one-third of the wealth. This shows that inequality does not exist only in regards to income, but is equally concerning in regards to the distribution of wealth."
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Inequality and Poor Health, 2005.
An examination about whether social inequality contributes to poor health.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that heath is not only biologically determined but is also determined by factors such as poverty and access to the resources that the society has to offer. It looks at studies which indicate that there is a direct relationship between inequality, wealth and life expectancy. The paper discusses how these issues differ in poorer and richer countries.
From the Paper
"The relationship between health and social inequality is even more clearly visible in less developed counties where there are clear and sometimes extreme divisions in social class and stratification. The problem of HIV/AIDS in Africa, and particularly South Africa, for example, is directly related to poverty and the inequalities of the Apartheid past in the country. Many Government and health officials link the very high incidence of HIV in this country to poor living conditions and the unequal distribution of health resources - which still tend mainly to be more accessible to the rich and privileged. Poverty as a result of social inequality is therefore seen as having a direct affect on health and well-being."
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Rich & Poor: Income Inequality in the United States, 1997.
Examines the sources of income & wealth inequities both historically & in the contemporary US economy.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 217.95
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From the Paper
"RICH AND POOR
Income Inequality in the United States
Introduction
The rich get richer, goes the traditional saying, and the poor get poorer. This saying embodies two implicit economic assumptions. One is that the social community as a whole -- the macroeconomic world -- is characterized by income inequality, an inequality so sharp that society is divided into two groups, the rich and the poor. The other is that in the usual course of events, this income inequality tends to widen, with the gulf between rich and poor becoming ever more sharply stratified.
The saying that the rich get richer and the poor get poorer is of uncertain age and origin. It certainly goes far back in.."
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Inequality in Health Care Systems, 2002.
Looks at the biological, psychological and social factors that contribute to health care inequalities.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 114.95
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Abstract
In creating a health care program that works to avoid fostering inequalities in health according to the utilitarian ethical theory, it is necessary to examine the biological, social and psychological factors that contribute to the basis of health care inequalities. This paper investigates the relevant literature on this subject in order to promote a health care system that is not unequal for the patients.
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Health Inequalities, 2006.
The paper discusses how inequalities in health are reflected in differences and discrimination in various aspects of life.
2,930 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 139.95
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Abstract
The article looks at several factors that have been identified to exert considerable impact on health. The factors having most remarkable effect, both favorably and adversely, are extensively recognized as the prime determinants of health. Irrespective of the fact that health and social services have a positive influence on health, the crucial determinants of health-such as education, employment, housing and environment etc., are found as external of the direct impacts exerted by health and social care. Commonly, three types of inequality in health are indicated such as inequality with regard to the access to health care, inequalities with regard to health or health outcomes, and inequalities with regard to the determinants of health.
From the Paper
"It has been widely acknowledged that poverty, racism, gender inequality and violence are the crucial factors exerting wide unequal influence of disease globally. Even though laboratory research has generated remarkable progress in the field of modern medicines, such advancements have the advantages of a small portion of the world's population and mostly amidst affluent settings. The racial and economic inequalities exert considerable public health problems in United States. In underdeveloped regions the infectious disease still continues to be a leading cause of premature demise and the health inequalities in such regions are found to be more considerable."
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Social and Health Inequalities in Australia, 2004.
An analysis of the link between social and health inequalities in Australia.
1,388 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper identifies some of the key health inequalities that currently exist in Australia by examining the structured social inequalities (class, gender, policy, ethnicity, education) that create them. It looks at how social inequalities in Australia have a major impact on health and health care and how strategies aimed at reducing health inequalities need to acknowledge the political, economic, and social factors that determine citizens? opportunities, capacity, and ability to improve their health outcomes.
From the Paper
"Health is a complex subject that includes physical, mental, social, ecological, cultural and spiritual aspects (Bingemann, 2000). The explanations as to the causes of inequalities in health are difficult to explain. A combination of factors; including peoples living and working conditions, their economic and personal histories, their social relationships and lifestyles all contribute. Much health related behavior is socially determined. The cumulative effect over a lifetime, of health damaging or health promoting physical and social environments may be the main cause of the differences."
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Inequality in Housing for Seniors: The Elderly Poor of Minnesota, 2005.
A study of the elderly poor of Minnesota which examines the trends in housing available to seniors. Discusses Section 8 housing and demographics.
3,000 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 13 sources, APA, AU$ 142.95
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Abstract
This study examines the history and national trends of poverty rates for senior citizens and compares them to the statewide levels in Minnesota. Projections of the senior population and income levels are examined to see if they are increasing or decreasing. Poverty can be measured by any of the following: absolute, U.S. government (officially sanctioned level for means tested programs), and relative. This study examines official poverty levels of seniors in comparison to being able to purchase a median-priced home and the availability of the U. S. government's Section 8 subsidized housing programs.
Introduction
Research Question
Literature Review
Theoretical Framework
Results
Implications
Limitations
Recommendations
Conclusions
Bibliography/References
Appendix
From the Paper
"The history of the current Federal Government's Section 8 housing programs can be traced to the civil rights movements in the early 1960's. The 1968 Housing Act states that everyone no matter race, color, age or religion is entitled to equal housing. This section 8 program gives vouchers to each state in the USA and the Federal Government funds these. Minnesota uses these vouchers to subsidize rent for means tested participants. These rental units can be in multi-family apartments or in single-family stand-alone homes. Property owners that participate in this program agree to meet certain minimum housing standards in exchange for rent and incentives (low rate of interest on mortgage or lower taxes)."
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Medical Care Inequality, 2005.
This paper discusses the inequality present in health care.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 17 sources, AU$ 102.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer examines the inequality in health care, based on gender, race or ethnicity, and class. The writer discusses how the changing structure of health care delivery has made access an issue. The rising costs of medical care are examined in this paper. Further, the writer discusses the concept of managed care.
From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine issue fronts of class race ethnicity and gender-based inequality with reference to medical-care access. The plan of the research will be to set forth the context in which maldistribution of the benefits of medical care has achieved resonance in the contemporary period and then to supply a review of relevant literature and an assessment of the status of knowledge on the issue as well as to discuss patterns of experiences of medical care of groups in terms of class race ... "
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Socio-economic Inequality, 2002.
An examination of some of the causes of the current socio-economic inequality in the world, with a focus on several philosophers and their theories.
3,472 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 156.95
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Abstract
Inequality among human beings has been an issue of concern from times immemorial and some of the greatest thinkers in human history have sought to narrow the gap between the haves and the have-nots through their philosophy, teachings and efforts. The paper shows that, ironically, religion has contributed more towards the inequality of mankind than any other ?philosophy? in the recent past. It is not only religion however that has been responsible for the inequality. The paper shows that the whole economic and financial structure of capitalism, international financial rules and globalization is loaded in favor of the rich and has resulted in widening of the gap between the rich and the poor. We are now living in a world in which this gap is so pronounced as to be positively grotesque. The saddest part of the dilemma is that inequality in our world is increasing by the day. This essay is about the background, reasons and the present state of socioeconomic inequality. It includes a discussion of the theories of some of the leading philosophers in history who have deliberated on the issue such as Karl Marx. It examines the leading economic theory of our times?capitalism, and looks at its pros and cons. The present state of inequality in the world, the reasons behind rising inequality and its possible effects are also discussed.
From the Paper
"In the Western Christian world, inequality was accepted as a way of life due to the widespread feeling that the existing social structure based on equality was impossible to change. The early Christian Church teachings emphasized that somehow living in sin had created inequality and misery for mankind, and a life without sin would solve all injustices. It was only in the 17th and 18th century that philosophers like John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau began to teach the inherent equality of man and belief in the possibility of social transformation began to spread. This was followed by the spread of socialist and communist thought that predicted social transformation and the demise of inequality through violent revolution."
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International Trade on Income Inequality, 2008.
This paper researches the effects of international trade, immigration and the decline of unionism on income inequality.
2,893 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 137.95
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Abstract
America as the land of opportunity is a concept that has been around since the country's inception. Americans should have the economic opportunity that is associated with this general concept. As such, the topic of income inequality is of great importance. This paper explores the effects of international trade, immigration, and unionism on income inequality.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Income Inequality
The Effects of International Trade on Income Inequality
The Effects of Immigration on Income Inequality
The Effects of the Decline of Unionism on Income Inequality
Is Income Inequality Getting a Bad Rap?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Rising inequality and decreasing poverty could very well be a consistent feature of the New Economy. Rapid technological advancements have not only created great fortunes for a select few, but have also substantially improved the wages and quality of life for people at the lower end of the economic ladder. A better-educated society has also led to less poverty, while still increasing the income inequality gap, since those with college degrees have a wider spread of incomes. Although income inequality is disturbing, it is far better than poverty. More income inequality, with a faster growing economy, and less poverty is far more desirable than an economy with equal distribution of income but a high rate of poverty. This is not the first time in history that this blend of greater income inequality and reduced poverty has occurred."
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?Discourse on the Origin of Inequality? by Rousseau, 2002.
This paper discusses Rousseau?s ?Discourse on the Origin of Inequality,? a philosophical work that explains how society came to be and how inequality emerged and existed in the society.
590 words (approx. 2.4 pages), 1 source, AU$ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Jean Jacques Rousseau?s ?Discourse on the Origin of Inequality of Man?, that focuses on how man came to be different from other animals because of two characteristics: Pity and the need for self-preservation. The paper points out that a careful study of Rousseau?s work shows that man?s natural tendency for survival and self-achievement will drive him to want to dominate others, and that inequality will become the product of humankind?s selfish and self- achieving nature.
From the Paper
"Rousseau defends his primary claim about inequality by explaining how inequality came to be. Of course, Rousseau discusses the nature of man prior to the establishment of the society. Prior to Rousseau?s society, humankind is egalitarian in nature, and survival is only the main reason why people live (self-preservation). However, as time passes, and as man become more acquainted with other people, the need to achieve betterment, or perfectibility, arises; man thus aspire to attain superiority above the others (?In proportion as the human race grew more numerous, men's cares increased. The difference of soils, climate and seasons, must have introduced some differences in their manner of living?). Through this kind of thinking and objective, man becomes unfair individual, and the society that Rousseau talks about is created through the inequality of man."
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Locke and Rousseau on Economic Inequality, 2008.
A comparison of John Locke's "Second Treatise of Government" and Jean-Jacques Rousseau's "Discourse on the Origin of Inequality".
2,790 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 134.95
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Abstract
This essay compares and contrasts two theoretical models regarding economic inequality. The first is presented by John Locke in his "Second Treatise of Government", which addresses the origins of economic inequality. The second, which is in sharp distinction to these views, is presented by French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau in his "Discourse on the Origin of Inequality". The paper outlines the strengths and weaknesses of both. It argues that, while both works are very similar in their imagined origins of economic inequality in the early history of property, they differ radically in how they represent property and the justifications for its differing accumulations that ultimately give rise to economic inequality. The paper concludes that Locke envisions property and moderate levels of economic inequality as a good thing, while Rousseau condemns this inequality as a corrupting influence upon human society in every respect.
From the Paper
"However, while there is a superficial similarity between how Locke and Rousseau each conceive of the state of nature, there is one important distinction between the two: property. While Locke conceives, as noted above, of an equality of property as existing in the state of nature, Rousseau contends that the innovation of property itself marked the ending of the state of nature and the beginning of human society.
"This is an important difference, and it goes to the heart of how each philosopher conceives of economic inequality. For example, it is clear from the outset of Rousseau's description of the state of nature and its defining characteristics that he sees property as not only a negative aspect of human society but as being fundamentally illegitimate as well."
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The Rise of Inequality in China, 2008.
An analysis of the historic development and implications for China of its growing economic inequality.
3,702 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 164.95
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Abstract
This paper critically examines the issue of growing economic inequality in China. It discusses the issue in terms of its historic development and how it has shaped China today. It also describes its implications for China's future social and economic evolution and discusses the reason that this problem has been masked in the popular view of China today as an economic superpower.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Ideology of Equality in Communist China
China's Economic Reforms and Increasing Inequality
The Scale Inequality in Contemporary China
Inequality and Political and Migration Pressures
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In conclusion, the increasing levels of inequality in China - not only in terms of rural vs. urban, but also inland vs. coastal - present a clear and present threat to the legitimacy of the Communist government given its ideological origins in socialist egalitarianism. While the economic development of China and its opening to world trade has brought great wealth and development to parts of the country, other parts have suffered even more so. The geographic localization of this problem in rural/inland areas, as well as the discontent of many migrant workers in the urban areas, represents a disturbing prospect for the future of not only stable economic development in China, but for the continued rule of the Communist party and political stability in China as a whole."
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Inequality and Immigration, 2008.
A discussion of the ways that inequality can be seen in immigration in Canada.
2,289 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 113.95
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Abstract
This paper argue that inequality today can be seen represented primarily in immigration, that has been exploited for the purposes of the elite of society. The paper provides a theoretical exploration of inequality and then explores how inequality manifests itself in terms of immigration in Canada. It demonstrates how this manifestation of inequality serves the purposes of the powerful, usually leaders of business and various industries, in Canadian society as a means of controlling and dividing the labor market.
From the Paper
"This insight is important, as it allows us to understand the critical importance of vulnerability in the role of the immigrants in western economies. From this point of view, it is of critical importance that immigrants are both politically and economically vulnerable and dependent, for this ensures the docility of the immigrant labor force, as well as its potential to be used against indigenous labour in countries such as Canada. Through this process of "divide and rule" business interests influence the direction of government policies in areas such as the recognition of academic qualifications from non-Western sources. By the denial of recognition of these qualifications, business leaders ensure that the immigrant work force will remain docile and vulnerable to the influence of business for as long as possible. While we may acknowledge that immigrant entrepreneurs often succeed despite these barriers, this success does not deny the reality of the barriers themselves, and how they are used to foster inequality and the vulnerability of the immigrant work force in countries such as Canada."
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American Income Inequality, 2007.
This paper discuses geography as a factor in analyzing American income inequality.
2,005 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the North-South problem roughly outlines a trend in developed nations, including Germany, France and the United States, for the North to be more developed than the South, thus creating a geographical basis from which income inequality can be sourced. The author points out that another influence on geographical income inequality lies in the dissimilarity in the dynamic North-South urban centers, such as the Southern cities having a greater concentration of lower income nonwhites than Northern cities as well as their differing industrial bases. The paper relates that income inequality in the United States contributes to a growing concern about the availability of both health and education services for those individuals existing at the bottom of the socioeconomic ladder.
From the Paper
"The economy of the South became increasingly agriculture based during its development, while the North was moving towards industrialization and manufacturing sectors. Wendy Shaw's study of the distribution of affluence and affluent communities in the United States clearly illustrates the economic inequality resulting from geography. A map displaying the 155 most affluent counties in the United States shows a tendency for such counties to be geographically centered overwhelmingly in the Washington, D.C. to Boston megalopolis."
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Inequality and Economic Growth, 2008.
An analysis of the relationship between inequality and national economic growth.
2,761 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 132.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses whether inequality is necessary for economic growth to occur. It questions whether, in low development countries, economic growth is the result of equal distribution of income and if per capital income must reach a minimum level before income inequality decreases. The paper also looks at whether countries of unequal income distributions experience slower growth than more "equal" countries. Additionally, the paper discusses whether governments should be implementing policies of redistribution in order to aid the poor.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Common Questions & Models
Global Data - Inequality Distribution Issues
Deinger and Squire: The Third and Arguably Most Important Question
Other Macroeconomic Research
A Microeconomic Model
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One would aim for the more optimistic view that equality and economic growth are compatible, because the current global state of regional poverty is a major problem, with no clear end in sight. This impresses an importance on determining a state whereby economic growth is possible alongside a simultaneous increase in the fortunes of the world's poor. However, researchers who have viewed the issue from afar tend to conclude that "the empirical evidence of the positive impact of greater equality on efficiency is still inconclusive" (Sharpe, 2003, p. 13). In other words, it may be naive to assume equality and economic growth is possible, particularly considering that much economic growth occurs in today's world based on the global phenomenon of inequality. However, researchers also conclude that "equally, there is little conclusive evidence of major negative effects on efficiency from equality" (ibid, p. 13), meaning that a relationship between economic growth and equality may be possible. It is up to further research to determine how this can be implemented in policy."
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