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Industry Scan: Oil and Gas in Australia, 2005.
An environmental scanning report which examines the Australian oil and gas extraction industry.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 15 sources, APA, AU$ 117.95
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Abstract
The oil and gas extraction industry in Australia is comprised of firms that are primarily engaged in producing crude oil, natural gas or condensate and in treating these products on site to produce liquefied or purified forms of oil and gas. The paper presents an industry and environmental scan of oil and gas extraction in Australia. It includes graphs and tables.
Paper Outline:
Products of the Industry
Market Structure
Market Size and Sales
International Environment
Regulatory Environment
Demographics
Industry Problems
Industry Trends and Forecasts
Porter's 5 Forces Model Analysis
Bibliography
From the Paper
"According to Richard A. Kerr, many economists foresee another half-century of cheap oil; however, a growing contingent of geologists warns that oil will begin to run out much sooner--perhaps in only 10 years or so. The optimists are characterized as mainly those who place their faith in new technology for finding and extracting oil and expect that production will meet rise in demand until about 50 years from now, a period deemed sufficient to identify and develop effective energy alternatives; however, the pessimists suggest that even taking into account the best efforts of the explorationists and the discovery of new fields in frontier areas such as the Caspian Sea sometime between 2010 and 2020, the production oil from wells around the world will peak at 80 million barrels per day, then begin a steady, inevitable decline (Kerr, 1998)."
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Accounting in the Oil and Gas Industry, 2004.
This paper discusses financial accounting for the oil and gas industry in the Middle East.
4,972 words (approx. 19.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 197.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the oil and gas industry in the Middle East, specifically Oman. The author applies accounting for the industry.
From the Paper
"The focus of this paper is financial accounting for the oil and gas industry. While accounting in the oil and gas industry generally is discussed in this paper where appropriate and feasible certain perspectives are provides added emphasis. The first of these perspective sis the Sultanate of Oman. Where conditions or characteristics of either the oil and gas industry or the application of financial accounting in that industry differs markedly between the general industry and the industry in Oman such variations are identified ..."
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The Upstream Oil and Gas Company, 2006.
An analysis of the political, economic, and sociological factors affecting the Upstream Oil & Gas Industry.
2,621 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 14 sources, MLA, AU$ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the political/legal, economic, socio-cultural, technological and ecological factors affecting the United Kingdom-based Upstream Oil and Gas Industry. The paper then uses the analysis to identify the top three most significant issues or trends in the recent past and medium term future facing the industry and provides justification for those choices. Next, the paper develops three scenarios for the industry that relate to an environment where conditions are optimistic for the future, pessimistic for the future and middle-of-the-road. Through the analysis and the scenarios drawn, the paper attempts to provide an in-depth understanding of the situational factors that affect and have the potential to affect this industry now and in the future.
From the Paper
"The Upstream Oil and Gas Industry in the United Kingdom is a mature one, and after 40 years of offshore exploration, the country remains self sufficient in oil and gas. This is an important sector for the UK, supplying most of the country's energy needs, representing 17% of the country's industrial investment and manufacturing virtually all the country's transport fuel. A PESTE analysis of the factors affecting the industry shows that it operates under legal, fiscal and environmental regulations where prices are determined by international organizations like OPEC and OECD. The economic factors affecting the industry are oil demand, price, production, investment and employment. Awareness of sustainable development and renewable energy sources is the major social factor. Technology plays a crucial role in reducing the costs of exploration and production of oil and gas, in addition to making the process safer and more environmental friendly. There is considerable attention being paid to the affect of oil exploration operations on the environment, and this will also determine the future of the industry. The three scenarios that can emerge for the industry mainly depend upon the oil and gas reserves left in the North Sea, the viability of their exploration and the development of alternative renewable energy sources."
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Oil Production and Gas Prices, 2006.
A detailed discussion on the the effects of oil production and gas prices on the United States Economy.
2,373 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 105.95
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Abstract
This paper offers a detailed overview on the price of light, sweet crude oil on NYMEX in 2005, noting its highs, lows and its relative cost to previous months and years. It continues to discuss the reasons for the price surges namely, the war in Iraq and hurricane Ivan. The paper highlights that the movement of gas and oil is similar to that of the business cycle. In conclusion, the author of the paper offers an opinion as to why the gas and oil hike will not cause a recession as in 1973.
From the Paper
"Drilling for crude oil generally moves with oil prices. A closer relationship is more evident prior to 1998. As OPEC pushed prices upward by restricting production in 1999, however, the relationship weakened. The overhang of excess capacity in OPEC created the possibility that oil prices might fall. The result was a muted and delayed response in oil drilling. Oil drilling did not pick up until growing demand pushed OPEC closer to full capacity. The story is similar today. Political uncertainty and OPEC production restraint have pushed world oil prices upward, although excess capacity is nearly 10 percent of world oil consumption at 6 million barrels per day. The overhang of capacity creates the possibility of a sharp oil price decline and adds considerable risk to future oil prices, which discourages exploration and development activities."
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The United States Oil and Gas Industry, 2004.
This paper is an industry analysis of the United States oil and gas industry, excluding the industry-related exploration and production pre-refining activities.
1,710 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper explains, using Porter Five Forces Model, that there is a limited threat of new entrants cutting into Shell, Mobil, Texaco, Gulf, and Exxon?s market share because the industry is fairly oligopolistic, with only a few giant firms controlling the majority of the industry even on the global scale. The author points out that the world's oil-producing nations are very influential in the supply and demand factors associated with oil production and consumption through the Organization of Oil Producing Countries (OPEC). The paper stresses that, as globalization increases the world?s demand for oil, it will be critical for the oil-producing nations to maintain a steady cost per barrel, while, at the same time, meeting the high production demands because there are few new technological advances or regulatory controls available to overshadow the basic economic formula of supply and demand. OPEC promises to control pricing for the industry. Tables.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Industry Overview
Five Forces Model
Major Competitors and Strategic Group Mapping
Future Trends
Opportunities and Threats
Conclusion
Appendix A: Oil Industry
From the Paper
"The oil and gas industry are driven by the price of crude oil. The industry was shaped in the late 1990?s when the price of oil lagged around $10 a barrel forcing many smaller independent companies into seeking bankruptcy protection and the larger oil companies like Shell, Mobil, Texaco, Gulf and Exxon to look for partners through acquisition or merger. This entailed reduced refining and exploration activities and less gas production. However, today, the industry must contend with a new global economy that has increased demand for energy to record levels, which has allowed a robust rebound in the oil and gas industry. ?Oil prices advanced closer to $50 a barrel Monday as domestic and foreign supply concerns persist amid strong global demand.? "
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History of the Oil and Gas Tax, 2005.
A look at the oil and gas taxes in the U.S. and in foreign countries.
1,563 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 75.95
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Abstract
In order to explain how taxes affect the U.S. economy, this paper examines the history of the oil and gasoline tax and how the fluctuation thereof impacts the economy.
From the Paper
"A fuel tax in the United States is one that is charged on the purchase of gasoline and acts like a sales tax. It is often used for transportation costs in America. The first state to tax gas was Oregon in 1919 at just one cent per gallon. The enactment of the Revenue Act of 1932 brought about a federal gasoline tax in the United States. Upon signing the act, Hoover stated, "While many of the taxes are not as I desired, the bill will effect the great major purpose of assurance to the country and the world of the determination of the American people to maintain their finances and their currency on a sound basis" (188 Statement on Signing the Revenue Act of 1932. June 6, 1932). As of 2005 this tax has gone up to 18.4 cents per gallon with the state gas tax averaging about 22 cents per gallon. When a consumer goes to a gas station to purchase gas the price displayed includes the tax within it."
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Case Study: A Mid-sized Oil and Gas Company, 2002.
A proposal for financing new equipment for a fictitious company with financial limitations.
2,470 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 110.95
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Abstract
This paper creates a fictional mid-sized oil and gas company with a financing problem. The problem of how to finance the purchase of new equipment for the company is outlined. An argument is made for the necessity of new equipment at this time, and a proposal made for training cutbacks in order to finance these purchases. Suggestions for future evaluation are presented.
From the Paper
"Company XYZ, Inc., a mid sized oil and gas company, requires money to purchase new equipment for the engineering department. The new equipment is required in order to maintain the competitive edge that the company currently enjoys. Due to financial limitations, cutting the training budget was suggested as a means to free funds to buy new equipment. Such a decision presents a dilemma: In the oil and gas industry, training is critical for efficient, continuous productivity; new technology however, is also important as it helps maintain the competitive edge in the market. Given such a situation, a 25% cut is a reasonable amount. It would not affect the overall financial outcome if some of the training programs for this period were carried out in-house within the company itself."
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Oil, Gas, and the American Economy, 2000.
A look at how oil production and consumption affects the global economy.
1,557 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the effects of oil production and consumption on the world and US economy, with reference to NAFTA, OPEC, central banks, and other important players in the economy.
From the Paper
"Of the factors that affect economic growth the industry of Oil and Gas is one that holds a stronghold in the world's and America's economy today. When evaluating the economic growth factor of economy and specifically oil and gas one must consider the following questions: ? what relationship does the factor have with the whole economy? ? How does this factor affect economic growth, and ? Is the factor a cause or effect of economic growth?'"
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Gas and the Alaskan Oil Reserves: A Mistake, 2001.
This paper discusses the negative side of drilling for oil in Alaska.
1,960 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the debate over oil drilling in Alaska. It suggests that it is not necessary even given current and possibly future gas shortages in America. It gives various reasons to the adverse affect of using Alaskan oil reserves including the Exxon Valdez incident, the development of supplementary energy sources, and environmental issues.
From the paper:
"As gas prices have risen over the past year, the term ?crisis? has been tossed around a great deal, suggesting a number of different possibilities. Among these: Americans may soon run out of gas, Americans may soon be paying five or ten dollars per gallon, and the American will stall utterly if there is not enough cheap gas available. In fact, of course, none of these speculations is true. What is true, and what will be discussed in this paper, is that these higher gas prices are indeed a wake-up call to Americans that something must be done to change our expectations about where our energy will be coming from in the next century."
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Oil Industry Ethics, 2007.
This paper discusses the business conduct of oil and gas companies by focusing on a fictitious company, Imperial Oil.
3,526 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 144.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that oil and gas suppliers have been accused of misconduct with regards to ethical accountability and moral decision-making. The paper explores these issues by using Imperial Oil, a fictitious company, as a framework for identifying the terms of the social contract held by petroleum companies. The paper provides three specific policy recommendations for Imperial Oil on which to base their future transactions. The paper concludes that the ability to wield power due to increased reliance on the resources of oil and natural gas does not absolve the company of its role within the social contract.
Outline:
Introduction
Controversy Over Business Practices Within Petroleum Companies
Stated Morality and Ethics Versus Active Business Decisions
The Demand For Accountability
Three Recommendations for Imperial Oil
Summary
From the Paper
"Petroleum companies have historically been recognized as entities that are not subject to the same processes of supply and demand as denote other industries. Wherein it can be argued that suppliers of housing and food products are suppliers of resources necessary to sustain the lifestyles of the average citizen active in the industrialized world, petroleum companies tend to be separate entities altogether. These companies form a dominant controlling force that establishes certain and undeniable limitations on how buyers are able to maintain a status of equilibrium within their respective business and lifestyle practices; without access to petroleum, affected persons and businesses are unable to participate in the same petroleum-dependent environment experienced by the rest of the population."
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The Oil Drilling in Alaska.
This paper discusses the problems of drilling for oil and gas in Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR).
1,040 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the northern slopes of Alaska's one hundred fifty million acre coastal plain, which is part of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR), is abundant in both oil and gas reserves and is the number one prospect for United States' oil and gas development. The author points out that the use of wildlife refuges and wilderness areas for energy development has become a very hot topic, especially in Alaska, because of the United States' dependence on foreign oil. The paper relates that researchers and developers are seeking new technologies to drill for and transport the oil without hurting the surrounding environment in the process.
From the Paper
"According to government estimates, the equivalent of one billion, four hundred million barrels of oil are tucked away under Teshekpuk Lake. This lake is Alaska's third largest lake. Teshekpuk, which means big enclosed coastal water. This is where the Pacific Black Brant migrates for its annual molt. Migratory birds, as well as moose, bear and fish take full advantage of this wild life refuge. Many make their home there and
others migrate to this placid lake every year."
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Government Intervention and Oil Prices, 2006.
A review of the necessity of the Canadian government to lower oil and gas prices.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a government intervention program for lowering Canadian prices in relation to oil and gas. The approach this paper takes is to lower federal taxes for a direct and immediate impact. Although there are follow-on effects that will have to account for the lost revenues, this approach will lower prices during the summer driving season, which is the goal of this intervention.
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Oil Prices and the U.S. Economy, 2004.
An analysis of the price increments of oil and gas and the effect it has on the U.S. economy.
975 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper contends that the price of oil has a measurable impact on the economy. However, the paper explores at what point the terrorist attack of 2001, the corporate scandals of 2002 and the Iraq war of 2003 became simply economic footnotes rather than an influencing factor on the buying power of the American public. The paper explains that since the price of oil does not exist in an economic vacuum, there are some indicators that can be tied directly to the price of oil. The paper claims that understanding the impact of oil prices involves examining the economic effects that occur directly following rising oil prices and placing those effects in their proper context.
From the Paper
"It is this fact that makes the case that although oil prices are extremely high, they are not to the catastrophic levels that investor psychology proclaims them to be. But the oil price increase is nevertheless significant, especially with the percent of increase for oil prices as high as it has been. It therefore may appear confusing that the economy has been able to resist a major pull downward. Restraint by the Federal Reserve, undaunted consumer confidence and fearless corporate purchasing have all contributed to the economy's ability to weather the oil price storm."
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Environmental Management in Pakistan, 2006.
This paper is an original survey of the oil and gas industry of Pakistan to evaluate their pollution control and environmental management.
1,730 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the oil and gas industry, which is one of the largest industries in Pakistan, is a major contributor to the serious pollution problem in this country, whose rapidly growing industrialization is creating grave environmental problems. The author surveyed many companies in the oil and gas sector of Pakistan and discovered that these companies are concerned about the environment and are attempting to control the pollution caused by their company. The paper points out that the only thing lacking is the cooperation of government, which has not assisted by funding and providing resources that would help these companies bring the pollution level down.
Table of Contents:
The Issue
Scope of Work
Steps Taken to Resolve the Issue
Oil And Gas Development Company Limited (OGDCL)
National Refinery Limited (NRL)
Pakistan Refinery Limited (PRL)
Attock Refinery Limited (ARL)
Pakistan Petroleum Limited (PPL)
Shell Petroleum Limited (SPL)
Pakistan State Oil (PSO)
Sui Southern Gas Company (SSGC)
Some Other Steps That Have Been Taken to Solve the Issue
Conclusion
Questionnaire
From the Paper
"NRL has developed some guiding principles which commits them to the protection of the environment. They have developed plans to minimize harm from any accident and comply with laws and regulations. NRL believes in interaction with government on environmental issues. The recent introduction of 90RON unleaded motor gasoline is an evidence of their concern towards good health and preservation of environment. A number of energy conservation projects have been implemented at NRL. Improvement programs are constantly undertaken to combat pollution in respect of emission and effluent waste water."
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Nigerian Oil Spills, 2002.
Examines the vast environmental damage in Nigeria due to oil spills and other factors connected to mismanagement in the oil industry.
1,964 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 91.95
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Abstract
Oil has been an important part of the Nigerian economy since vast reserves of petroleum were discovered in the 1950s. In 1997, Nigeria earned over 95 percent of its foreign exchange from the sale of oil on the global market. Foreign oil companies dominated oil
exploration, drilling and shipping in Nigeria, with Shell Oil controlling approximately 60 percent of the country?s domestic oil market. This paper examines the huge environmental damage in Nigeria caused by oil spills, gas-flaring and oil waste dumping. The paper looks at the destruction to the biodiversity of the affected regions, loss of wildlife and soil fertility and health problems. It looks, in particular, at the problems which affect the Ogoni people of the Delta region and the compensation Shell was forced to pay. Finally, the paper discusses the future of Nigeria's oil industry and Shell's promise to improve environmental concerns in the region.
From the Paper
"Critics note that such low-tech security operations can surely be significantly improved, especially when hundreds of millions of dollars are spent in developing technologies to discover oil under the ground. There are many oil pipeline surveillance technologies currently on the market, including a host of fiber optic sensors that detect stress in the pipelines and drilling equipment through subtle shifts in the optic wavelength. Researches at the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio have developed harmonic sensors that can be placed inside of pipes via the flow of oil and then attach themselves to the interior to measure outside force. And over the last two years, ChevronTexaco has invested tens of millions of dollars in startup companies that design pipeline sensor networks (ibid)."
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Financial Strategy, 2003.
A discussion on the financial requirements of oil and gas exploration.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the financial requirements and strategies employed by the oil and gas exploration and production industry. It includes the use of bonds and stocks. it also discusses the effect that financing decisions have on operations and strategic direction.
From the Paper
"The oil and gas exploration and production industry is a high-risk, high-capital industry. It is an international industry in which some nationalized companies compete with ..."
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