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Indian Indentured Servitude, 2007.
This paper discusses Indian indentured servitude under the British colonial system.
2,110 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 107.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explores the indentured servitude of Indians in terms of both its successful incorporation as part of the colonial system of domination and oppression, as well as in terms of how opposition and resistance to this system influenced political and social development in the region. The writer argues that with reference to both earlier and later periods of indentured servitude on different Caribbean sites, an accurate history of indentured servitude requires such a balanced analysis to understand fully its complexity and significance in terms of regional history.
Outline:
Introduction
Indentured Servitude as Subservience to Colonialism
Indentured Servitude and Resistance
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Indeed, to understand differences in resistance across the region - from island to island - we must acknowledge the extraordinary levels of control of the plantation and civil authorities over the movement and actions of the indentured Indians. For example, while discontent and resistance was widespread in British Guiana, on the neighbouring island of Trinidad - with the second largest colony of indentured Indians in the Caribbean region - there was minimal resistance. The differences between the two situations cannot be explained with reference to caste or class/education of the Indians, as both came from the same pool of migrants. Instead, it is theorized while the appalling labour conditions in the islands represented a tinderbox that would be lit at any moment, different approaches to dealing with potential discontent on the part of the authorities was a critical factor in explaining differences between islands."
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Slaves and Indentured Servants, 2005.
An analysis of the long-term effects of indentured servitude in the Caribbean.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 1 source, AU$ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the way the slave era and the era of indentured servants affected and still affects family life in the Caribbean, noting that many of the people in the region are the descendants of people who were brought to this region as slaves or as indentured servants. The paper suggests that it was a somewhat more benign form of slavery, though with many of the same characteristics and long-term effects.
From the Paper
"The institution of slavery in different parts of the world had a major impact on those regions and on the population, both those who were slaves and those who were not. Such effects may continue long after the end of slavery. In the Caribbean region, many people are the descendants of people who were brought to this region as slaves or as indentured servants (a somewhat more benign form of slavery, though with many of the same characteristics and long-term effects). The centrality of family in the Caribbean has been noted if not fully understood by many scholars, and the long-term consequences may also not be understood fully."
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Indentured Servants and Company Towns, 2004.
Discusses how these two forms of controlled labor affected the United States sociologically.
1,250 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
Sociologically, company towns and indentured servitude are two of the most complex topics of life in historic America. Indentured servants placed their trust in others to eventually gain their freedom and a better life, while company towns existed to better the company, rather than the residents. These two forms of controlled labor created new classes in America and, sociologically, say much about a people who can keep others in bondage, no matter what the outcome. This paper examines the history of indentured servants and company towns in the United States and discusses how sociological concepts apply to these topics.
From the Paper
"Their wages were miniscule after the company deductions, so the company kept them dependent. They could never get enough money ahead to move away, and so, their family's well being and very survival depended on their subservience to the company and its' policies. Anyone who spoke out against costs, living conditions, wages, or social conditions was simply fired and kicked out of their company house. With nowhere to go, most employees simply did not speak up or make waves. Just as with indentured servants, the company, or "master" had all the power, and the worker had little. Indentured servitude may have disappeared in the country, but savvy companies still knew how to control their workers and get the most work out of them for the smallest investment possible."
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Servitude in Aldous Huxley's "Brave New World", 2002.
A discussion on the structure and effects of Huxley's fictional utopian society in 'Brave New World'.
2,130 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 107.95
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Abstract
The following paper is a critical analysis of Aldous Huxley?s novel 'Brave New World', where he explores the possibility that the greater number of a population can be pleased with a long, uneventful life having the simple and direct aim of administering one task to society. The writer of this paper examines the consequences of a 'utopian' society, as put forward by Huxley. This paper explores the possibility that if a society chooses to listen, there will certainly be a tremendous decision made for the future of the world. According to the writer it may accept the changes that technology will make, and succumb to science, rationality, and servitude.
From the Paper
?The controlling factor behind the society of Brave New World is the World State. The World State consists of ten World Controllers, who cannot live within the normal classes of Brave New World because of their individualistic reasoning. The World State is a mysterious entity, ?founded not on liberty, equality, and fraternity, but on community, identity, and stability.? (Ramamurty 92)The Brave New World society has scientifically eliminated any traces of individuality (Paulsell 93). The social structure of this society consists of 5 classes of workers. These classes are, in ascending order of rank: Epsilon, Gamma, Delta, Beta, and Alpha. The largest order, the Epsilons are morons. The Gammas are only slightly more intelligent than the Epsilons. The Deltas, the middle level in the social caste, are of average intelligence. The Betas are typically industrial workers with essentially average intellect. The Alphas are the head of the caste system and are extremely hard workers who hold the most difficult jobs (Lyne).?
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Servitude and Deception in "Dr. Faustus", 2002.
How Faustus comes full circle in his realization that he is not, nor has he ever been, the master of his fate.
1,970 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 101.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the relationship between Faustus and Mephistopheles in Marlowe?s original ?Dr. Faustus?. It successfully argues that although Faustus thoroughly believes that he is in control of his own destiny and the magic that he wields, he is really nothing more than a pawn of the devil, and eventually, will come full circle in his life as he begins to realize that he never had control of Mephistopheles ? rather quite the opposite.
From the Paper
?Christopher Marlowe?s tragedy ?Doctor Faustus? is a Renaissance play about greed, good versus evil, and the corruption that often accompanies the quick acquisition of power and material wealth. The play chronicles the later life of the theologian and scholar Dr. John Faustus; a man who has become bored with the seeming mundane and slow progression of his studies and who longs for the power and omniscience of a deity. In return for these ?blessings,? he agrees to sell his soul to Lucifer, the ruler of Hell, partially because he realizes that the Judeo-Christian god will not grant him such power, and partly because the path he chooses is quicker and easier than a life of academic study.?
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Exporting Institutions, 2004.
A look at England?s apprenticeship system and indentured servitude in the Colonies.
3,359 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 154.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the relatively unstudied origins of the indentured servant trade. It claims that the institution of indenture was based on a combination of traditional English institutions; apprenticeship, farm labourers and domestic servants. This is proven by examining the social standing of each group, the terms of contracts in each profession, the tasks they performed and the social mobility they could expect upon finishing their term, in relation to indentured servants. The period before the large influx of African slaves is of particular interest in this study, since the dynamic of the servant trade was altered radically by the arrival of a cheaper labour force.
From the Paper
"Opportunities that existed in the colonies were often closed to the poorer classes in England. Even for apprentices there were only four ways they could become established as a master; by marrying either the daughter or widow of their master, through inheritance, by purchasing a practice or by setting up their own. The latter options required a large initial investment, and the former circumstances were rare since a son of the master usually took over the practice. This left most tradesmen little better off than the common labourer . Servants in agriculture had even fewer prospects open to them in England; in order to marry and start their own household they would have to save the majority of their wages for about ten years, and then finding a small farm was difficult since they were much in demand and vacancies were very low."
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East Indian Women of Guyana, 2005.
This paper discusses the exploitation of East Indian women that migrated to the Caribbean in the 19th century and also looks at how these women adapted to their new life.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, AU$ 144.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the migration to Guyana of East Indian women in the context of indentured servitude, racism and early capitalistic exploitation. Particular attention is paid not only to why they arrived in Guyana but also how their culture changed and adapted in order to survive in its new environment. As is argued, the culture of East Indian women in the Caribbean was historically as a consequence of indentured servitude separated from the culture of Afro Caribbean women and the broader tradition of struggle against oppression in the colony.
From the Paper
"While most Canadians' views of Caribbean islands such as Guyana are that they are populated by people of African descent whose ancestors were brought as slaves to work on plantations during the colonial era, this view ignores the significant population of East Indian descent in islands such as Guyana. These Indians were brought to Guyana in a process known as "indentured servitude" which was one of the most "successful" programs of the British imperial state of the 19th century."
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Plight of Indo-Caribbean Women, 2005.
This paper studies the plight of Indo-Caribbean women through the tenants of capitalist indentured labor.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 86.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the cultural contributions given by women in Indo-Caribbean history relate directly to the resistance movements that were part of the slavery and indentured servitude they labored beneath. The writer discusses that the identity of Indian women that worked on the plantations, a remarkably small minority to men in the Caribbean, were not the dainty females that modern historiography might impart, but women able to fight alongside men in times of revolt.
From the Paper
"The basis of indentured servitude of the capitalist agenda of the ruling European parties in the Caribbean reflect the general aspects of slave labor that made places, such as Guyana, a racially divided place. The basis of race and historiography can determine why sugar cane cutters in Guyana suffered, as we hear within the song "Oh Maninga", as sung by Neisha Benjamin. These relate the historiographical commonalities that represent the capitalist agenda to conduct low wages and tyrannical ruling by the sugar cane managers."
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'Mayflower Bastard', 2007.
This paper discusses a tale of scandal in Puritan New England, in "Mayflower Bastard" by David Lindsay.
1,278 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer looks at David Lindsay's "Mayflower Bastard", that is a speculative work of historical nonfiction that tells the tale of one of the author's ancestors. The writer describes that the work openly spins creative, fictional scenes that dramatize likely dialogue, emotions, and motivations of its primary protagonist. The writer continues that the work creates a view of history that may or may not be true but elucidates the often shady moral origins behind the enforced immigration of some of the early Puritans, and the actual morality that governed Puritan society. The writer points out that the author evidently hopes that by chronicling incidents from the origin, indentured servitude, and final days of his ancestor Richard More, the 'Mayflower Bastard' of the title, the reader will gain a more morally complex and less judgmental view of the founding of the New England colonies.
From the Paper
"These colonies, Lindsay suggests, were made up of both saints and sinners, and many of the early inhabitants were not motivated to immigrate to the New World because of religious intolerance in England, rather they were forced to by circumstances beyond their control. For example, Lindsay's ancestor is an apparently illegitimate man named Richard More. More became one of the oldest living residents of the Plymouth Colony in Colonial Massachusetts, partly because he was one of the youngest passengers on the voyage of the Mayflower. Although much of the true nature of More's life has been lost, David Lindsay uses the details that do survive regarding Richard More's existence to demonstrate his more comprehensive thesis that life in Puritan New England was far less sanitized than might be evident in the common conception of a stringent, repressed society that has been passed down to us through images of Salem or even Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter."
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Slavery, 2006.
An in-depth study of slavery in the United States.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 148.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the institution, practice and effects of slavery in the United States. The paper begins with a thorough explanation of how slavery began and its roots in indentured servitude. Then the paper traces the process of the slave trade, with exacting detail about the conditions and treatment slaves faced on their voyage from Africa. The paper also discusses the buying and selling of slaves once they arrived in America and the varying treatment they received from their masters. Also explored is the labor they performed and conditions in which they lived and worked. Next, the paper examines the impact of slavery on the psyche of slaves, as individuals, families and communities. The paper concludes with a discussion of the Civil War and the ultimate dissolution of the institution of slavery by President Lincoln.
From the Paper
"The beginning of slavery in the New World has some surprising origins. Slaves actually began as "indentured servants" in Jamestown, Virginia in 1619. (Volume Library) In return for an employee paying for their trip to the New World, a person agreed to work off the debt as the employee's servant. They were contracted to work for a period of time. Once they had fulfilled their contractual obligations, they were considered free. Many even obtained their own land and began to contract their own indentured servants. Indentured servants were both Blacks from Africa and Whites from Europe. From 1619 until 1640, these workers earned their freedom. (Journey From Slavery to Freedom) Black servants, white servants, and their employers often worked side by side in the fields. Historians agree that the early colonists did not at first intend to create a system of human bondage. (American History)"
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Colonial America, 2004.
This paper discusses key issues of the economy of colonial America.
4,275 words (approx. 17.1 pages), 15 sources, APA, AU$ 183.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, prior to 1750, capitalistic practices and values were not central to the lives of North American colonists, who primarily were farmers. Most of the output from farmers was not for sale in the market, but, rather, was for family or local consumption. The author points out that there were two distinct growth spurts during the colonial period. The first and more rapid economic spurt occurred in each colonial region during the time of settlement, and the second spurt was during the 1740s and lasted to the Revolution. The paper relates that the American colonists issued the first paper money of any government in the Western world; the Massachusetts Bay Colony issued paper money in 1690, which were called ?bills of public credit? and ?bills of credit? and, by 1712, seven more colonies followed suit.
Table of Contents
Introduction
A Short Chronology of Early / Initial Colonial Economic Development
The Literature on America?s Colonial Economy
What was the Rate of Economic Growth in the Colonies?
Legislation Promoting Manufacturing; Natural Resources Available to Colonies
Indentured Servitude as Part of the Colonial Economy
Slavery in the Colonial Period
Taxation in the Colonies
Taxation of Maritime Business
The Sugar Act ? a New Kind of ?Tax? ? and its Ramifications
How Businessman Thomas Hancock Coped with Chaos in Colonial Currencies
From the Paper
"In May, 1607, colonists land at Jamestown, Virginia, but starvation and disease reduce the original 105 settlers to only 32, according to "The Almanac of American History". However, in 1608, new provisions arrive and a self-supporting project of raising corn is instituted ? likely the first economic development in the colonies. Those same early Jamestown settlers brought skills at glassmaking with them and produce crafts, including beads, which are used in trade with Native Americans. Also in 1608, the London Company sends glass experts to Jamestown to build glass furnaces for future production (32). Jamestown?s Captain John Smith learns how to cultivate corn from the Indians; he plants 40 acres of corn, which helps avoid continuing starvation problems, and leads to an industry of agriculture."
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The Rise of Slavery in the New World, 2002.
The following paper examines the spread of slavery to the New World with the rise of the British Empire in the New World.
1,420 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the passing of specific laws in the colonies of the New World where the first plan was to provide cheap labor in the form of indentured servants and local natives instead of slaves. The author discusses how it was this shift to indentured servitude which gave rise to slavery for the Negroes in the New World.
From the Paper
?However, the British did not begin with a conscious plan to colonize the New World, establish plantations and garner great wealth by enslaving Africans. During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, British and other European societies were suspicious of people of other races and believed themselves superior to other races. This facilitated the domination of New World lands, which were all populated by indigenous people of darker and presumed inferior races. Nevertheless, the enslavement of darker-skinned people such as Africans wasn?t a formal plan at first, at least partly because they did not welcome being in proximity with people of other races. By the time the American Revolutionary war had begun, the American colonists owned more slaves than any other European colony, and English traders transported more slaves to market than any other country. (Bernhard , 1999)?
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Rebellion of Oppressed Groups In the New World, 2000.
An examination of the reasons why indentured servants, Native Americans and slaves did not unite and rebel in the British colonies, while oppressed groups in Latin America did rebel.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
"Indentured servants, Native Americans, and African slaves did not join together to overthrow the oligarchy that ruled over the thirteen British colonies in the seventeenth century even though there were large numbers of people in each group and they seemed to hold many goals in common
From the Paper
"Indentured servants, Native Americans, and African slaves did not join together to overthrow the oligarchy that ruled over the thirteen British colonies in the seventeenth century even though there were large numbers of people in each group and they seemed to hold many goals in common. There were many reasons why such a large-scale revolt never took place: the three groups did not often have a language in common; the government of the colonies (and the government of Britain) were well-organized and armed; there was nowhere for people in revolt against the system to flee if they could not seize control; there was relatively little contact among the groups in many areas; and, if successful, these groups would have had to defend themselves against outside forces while engaged in the very difficult struggle to feed, house, and cloth themselves in an alien..."
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Resistance to Early British Rule, 2002.
Examines why indentured servants, Native Americans, and African slaves did not join together to overthrow the oligarchy that ruled over the thirteen British colonies in the seventeenth century.
1,122 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the many reasons why a large-scale revolt against the British never took place: The three groups did not often have a language in common; the government of the colonies (and the government of Britain) were well-organized and armed; there was nowhere for people in revolt against the system to flee if they could not seize control; there was relatively little contact among the groups in many areas; and, if successful, these groups would have had to defend themselves against outside forces while engaged in the very difficult struggle to feed, house, and cloth themselves in an alien environment. It further discusses that the principal reason why there was no major seventeenth-century revolt was the differences in the dominant group's policies toward indentured Europeans, African slaves, and Native Americans which, in turn, produced different ideal goals among the people in these categories.
From the Paper
"The absence of significant cooperation among the oppressed groups in the British colonies was not the case in Spain's Caribbean possessions. As Carew notes, there were many instances throughout the sixteenth century of the "joining together of Blacks and Indians in a common struggle" in the Spanish colonies--such as the cimarron revolts in Puerto Rico and Hispaniola (105). Such revolts and even more frequent acts of cooperative resistance continued for over 200 years in these colonies. But behind this cooperation was a "sense of community that was continually forged and reproduced in their everyday lives by virtue of the places they shared in the system of exploitation" (Carew 106). The difference between the situation of Caribbean and North American Indians was, however, that the former peoples were generally absorbed more directly and far more successfully into the system of slave labor than were the Indians of the British colonies. And in the seventeenth century African slaves were imported to the Spanish colonies in much greater numbers than in Britain's territory. Therefore the two groups were in immediate, constant contact and the chances of cooperative action were far higher."
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Slavery in America, 2003.
Provides an historical context.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
Discusses slavery during the Colonial period, the culture of servitude in the New World, white indentured servants, African slaves and the racial component, the experience of both black freedmen and slaves in the North, and the slave trade.
From the Paper
"This research examines the phenomenon of slavery in the United States. The research will set forth the historical context in which slavery emerged in the colonial period and then discuss the degree to which slavery can be considered a direct result of ..."
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The Abolition of Slavery, 2004.
An analysis of the consequences of the abolition of slavery.
1,122 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the effect the abolition of slavery had on slaves. The paper contends that most people view the abolition of slavery in a positive light. The 13th Amendment is credited with ending slavery and involuntary servitude. The paper explains that, even though the emancipation of slaves was, at first, viewed as a triumphant success for the people it affected, there were many drawbacks. Most of the slaves that were freed did not embark on a life filled with the pursuit of happiness and freedom. Instead, many slaves actually struggled to survive and make ends meet in a society that still looked upon ex-slaves as 'second-class citizens.' The paper explores the notion of ex-slaves as second-class citizens and examines the many hardships they faced after passage of the 13th Amendment.
From the Paper
"Many slaves experienced hardship after abolition. Ex-slaves own accounts attest to the difficulty a number of slaves had finding homes and jobs and protecting themselves from prejudiced and discriminatory behavior (Nichols, 1969). Whereas many slaves had grown up on plantations where they had a roof to cover their head and consistent meals to eat, many found themselves forced out onto the 'street' with nothing to rely on. Many had no job, no home and no education they could rely on to find a reasonable way to make a living for themselves in the world."
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