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The Inca and the Spaniard, 2004.
An analysis of a battle between two cultures, the Incas and the Spaniards.
1,696 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the sixteenth century conquest of the Inca people by the Spaniards. The paper contends that the Spanish found virtue in their brutal conquest of the Inca by discovering that they had brought that people the benefits of the true religion and had brought to an end the barbarous practices that had oppressed and contaminated the Inca soul. The paper explains that despite this the culture of the Inca people thrived.
From the Paper
"Certainly there was another reality that lay beneath the veneer of Inca submission. In the Sixteenth century, the Inca People had witnessed the unimaginable. They had seen their entire world turned upside down, their most cherished traditions banned and cast aside, their leaders persecuted as heretics or devils while their rights as a people were simply taken away by an alien race that must itself had seemed like a race of devils. Central to Spain's belief that its destruction of Inca Civilization had been a just cause was the assumption that the Inca was inherently inferior to himself. Even Bartolome de Las Casas, the Sixteenth Century's most ardent defender of the rights of the Indian, held that different peoples were at different stages of development. "
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The Inca, 2006.
A look the history of the Inca.
690 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at writers who describe the history of the Inca and what happened when the Spaniards arrived and took over rule of the country. It also examines how the background of the writers colors their version of events.
From the Paper
"It is extremely important when reading historical essays to know who the author is and their background People often get very emotional about national issues and anything which is written about their culture and when they write about it themselves their ..."
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Incas, 2002.
A comparison of two books that present the culture of the Inca tribe from the Andes.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
The indigenous tribes of the past have fascinated us for decades and none so more than the Inca's of the Andes. This paper looks at two books written about the Incas, "Daily Life in the Inca Empire" by Michael Malpass and Clive Cusslers, ?Inca Gold?. The paper discusses how these two books represent the two conflicting perspectives that exist on the Inca tribe. While some writers present it as a common land where social life was progressive yet routine (Malpass), others (such as Cussler) choose to focus on the mythological lore to create a fascinating realm of magic, mystery and untold treasures.
From the Paper
"Yet, while Malpass tries to be historically accurate at times he miscalculates and misanalyses the evidence. There is no framework or context in which to lodge archaeological studies at the household level. Even when ethno history can develop images of ordinary practice, say labor organization, for example, it often cannot tell whether or how it was used by the local or imperial elite and in whose benefit. To cite an example, an assumption that is unwarranted in the Inca case in Malpass' book is that there were full-time specialists who took care of certain professional fields. The Incas organized the production of ceramics, textiles, wooden objects, sandals and other goods, settling the producers in communities both near and far from their territory of origin. In the case of Cuzco, the capital, food was produced on land near town and on nearby private estates, but even the kings themselves participated in planting. There is no evidence for full-time specialization, and the Incas seem to have deliberately avoided the creation of urban populations dependent on daily markets for their subsistence."
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The Incas, 2004.
Presents an argument that the Incas were conquered by the Spanish.
1,022 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 58.95
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Abstract
The question is sometimes asked whether or not the Incas were conquered and colonized, or whether they voluntarily became part of the Spanish society. This paper argues that, once one studies the history of the Incas and their desire for power, one will be convinced that the Incas were conquered, as they would never have given up voluntarily to the Spanish.
From the Paper
"The fact that the Incas were a power hungry people and a powerful regime before the invasion of the Spaniards is proof of the fact that they were conquered and later colonized. The fact that the Incas took over more land and people than anyone ever had in the history of South America lends credibility to the idea that the only way the Spanish won them over was by force. If one studies the Inca cultures and traditions one can easily see that there was only one way for the Spanish to gain power over them, and it was by force."
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Revenge of the Spaniards, 2001.
Analysis of Bernal Diaz?s "The Conquest of New Spain".
1,596 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an in-depth analysis of Bernal Diaz?s "The Conquest of New Spain". The paper examines the shroud of mystery surrounding the details of Montezuma?s death and, by utilizing the opinions of David Boruchoff and the actual text of Diaz?s book, this paper briefly highlighting the key points that Diaz makes in his retelling of Montezuma?s unfortunate murder. The paper then brings to light the rational faults and discrepancies within the original text and counters these apparent errors, by applying common sense and general knowledge of the era.
From the Paper
" The ?readable report,? a concept from Joseph Conrad?s Heart of Darkness, is easily applicable to Bernal D?az?s The Conquest of New Spain. The aforementioned ?readable report,? in a general sense, indicates that the retelling of a situation or event is portrayed in a manner that benefits the teller even if distortion of the truth is required. D?az, in his account of Montezuma?s death, makes the Spanish appear blameless and seemingly innocent of Montezuma?s blood. Throughout the sequence of events leading up to Montezuma?s death, there are constant indictments of the Mexicans causing the death of their own leader. "
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James Lockhart's "The Men Of Cajamarca", 1990.
This paper reviews "James Lockhart's "The Men of Cajamarca", which examines the pivotal 1532 event in Peru in which 168 Spaniards captured the emperor of the Incas: Lockhart focuses on the lives of these Spaniards.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, AU$ 63.95
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From the Paper
"James Lockhart, in "The Men of Cajamarca", examines the 1532 event in Peru in which 168 Spaniards captured the emperor of the Incas and radically altered the course of history both in the new World and in Europe, However, Lockhart focuses on the lives of these specific Spaniards in his study.
As Lockhart writes, "In this study the primary interest is not the conquest but the pattern in the lives of the conquerors; therefore the familiar procedure of using social material as background to a narrative presentation will be reversed. The approach taken by the author is based on an "episodic" methodology. The first part of Lockhart's study "contains several analytical chapters on general patterns, social, collective, or organizational. The second contains short biographies of all the men, insofar as that is possible. Social ... "
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Gold during the Spanish Conquest, 2004.
A discussion of the difference in attitudes towards gold between the Inca and the Spanish during the time of the conquistadors.
1,353 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the large difference between the European/Spanish opinion on gold and wealth in general and the Incan opinion. The paper begins by explaining that in Spain, gold was something that could be acquired and made, to be spent on other objects and services. The paper then looks at the area of the Andes, where all gold was the sole property of the Sapa Inca who then distributed the wealth in the form of clothes and food according to your seniority. Also unlike in Spain, the Sapa Incaes, distributed food and clothes to the needy and old from his imperial stor.
From the Paper
"Five hundred years ago two hundred Spanish conquistadors under the command of Hernando Pizarro invaded the Incan empire from the new Spanish frontier-town of Panama. Over the next 100 years the cruel, relentless Spanish and the diseases that they brought from Europe would decimate the entire Indian population of the Andes almost destroying a way of life and a culture that had been nurtured in isolation for hundreds of years. In the process the Inca lost everything - their land, gold, status and right to practise their own religion as they were Christianised and moved to forced labour camps to mine the gold that the Spanish yearned for so much. Even today most of the Indians live in the slums of the Andean cities or in isolated communities up in the mountains. In the days of the Inca, due to strict organization on the part of the Sapa Inca (Emperor), no one would ever have starved or been left homeless. Nowadays many of the native peoples of South America live below the poverty line."
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Pizarro in Peru, 2002.
A description of Pizarro's conquest of Peru and his defeat of the Inca.
1,191 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Pizarro came to conquer of Peru in 1523 with the blessing of King Charles I of Spain and his relationship with the natives of the time - the Incas. It discusses how Pizarro's goal was to take the riches of the empire for himself and to subjugate the people to Catholicism and to Spanish rule. It evaluates the repercussions of Pizarro?s conquest and how the conquest of the entire Americas cannot be overstated.The Inca civilization was more advanced than Western European civilization at the time, and so many things about art and architecture and science that the Europeans could have learned about had were wiped out.
From the Paper
"In many ways, the Inca civilization was more advanced than Western European Civilization. Inca surgeons were performing brain surgery while the Europeans favorite medical treatment was leeches. In 1531, the Inca had achieved amazing feats, not just in art, architecture, science, etc, but in socio-politics. In Inca society there were no poor people. Orphans, widows, etc, were cared for by the state. Workers retired at 50 on pensions of food and clothing. There was little crime. "
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"How the Serpent Finds the Sky", 2002.
An analysis of the story of a boy who knows and worships Quetzalcoatl in the time of the arrival of the Spaniards.
3,620 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 161.95
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Abstract
A fictionalized description of Aztec cultural traditions and mythology as it might have been acted out in the lives of real people at the time of transition as Cortez conquered the empire of Moctezuma. The story is told by a young man, aged 17, who intended to become a shaman, as his world is overturned by the arrival of the Spaniards.
From the Paper
"Last night I sat again at the feet of my father in the Place of the Skulls listening to the Shaman, Izcalli, telling the same story I have heard so many times. My little brother, Cat, short for Ehecatl, sat at my side. Cat was named for the day when he was born, the second day of the month, called Ehecatl. And that day, in it?s turn was named for Ehecatl, the God of the wind, road sweeper of the rain gods. This god, like many others is one of the many forms in which the great Quetzalcoatl reveals himself."
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La Malinche, 2002.
A paper which discusses the Mexican women who became lovers to the Spaniards during Spain's conquest of Mexico, and how they are portrayed in Mexico's cultural history.
2,830 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 135.95
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Abstract
Using as a background Bernal Diaz del Castillo's book "Historia de Conquista de la Nueva Espa?a", written about the Spanish conquest of Mexico in the sixteenth century, the paper discusses the Indian women who were lovers to these Spaniards, the most famous being La Malinche, lover to Hernan Cortes himself. The paper uses the character of Maria - lover of one of Cortes' officers - to show the history of these women and what drove them to so-call betray their people by 'sleeping with the enemy'. The paper shows how La Malinche (and others) have been portrayed in Mexican cultural history as mothers of the mestizo - children of mixed Spanish and Indian race. The paper discusses too how public opinion of La Malinche has changed during recent years, mostly due to the influence of feminist movements, who see her as a symbol of the endurance of the Mexican people.
From the Paper
"But there is another element to the original and long-enduring disregard and even hatred that has been cast upon La Malinche, and the other women who (like the Maria of our story) shared similar structural positions. Women who produced Mexican ? mestizo ? children have been hated by many Mexicans until the most recent generation not because of their betrayal of the Aztecs but because of their engendering of the entire race of Mexicans. It is because Mexicans have for so long hated themselves, hated their own mixed heritage, that they hate La Malinche and other women like her. It is only when Mexicans come to peace with their own mestizo heritage that they can possibly come to terms with La Malinche and revere her as the founder of the race. It seems fairly certain that she was indeed Cortes?s lover ? but also that she was faithful to him. This should hardly brand her as a whore."
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Spanish Colonial Economy in Latin America, 1998.
This essay addresses the methods used to control the natives and production in Latin America under Spanish rule.
1,827 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 94.95
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Abstract
This essay looks at purpose of the pre-colonial economy in Latin America and the methods employed by the Spaniards to control the natives and production under colonization. It examines the diverse population the Spaniards found upon arrival, and how the Spaniards simply superimposed themselves upon existing structures. The four main labour systems used by the Spanish are outlined. The exploitation based on the economic systems implementated by the Spaniards is explored.
From the Paper
"The process of colonization within any one country or group of countries was conditioned by the pre-existing historical circumstances and the attractiveness of its resources to the colonisers. In turn, these affected the degree of exploitation and the nature of the developments that took place and consequently the level of marginalisation that occurred within the economy and society. The conquest of Latin America was carried out by the Spanish, Portuguese, French, Dutch and British. But it was Spain who secured the largest, richest and most diverse territory, and did so with great rapidity. Within 70 years of Columbus's arrival in the Caribbean, Spain had overthrown the Aztec and Inca empires and occupied most of middle and western South America."
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The Maya Culture, 2002.
A review of Inga Clendinnen's "Ambivalent Conquest: Maya and the Spaniards in Yucatan, 1517-1570".
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, AU$ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper is a book report assignment on Inga Clendinnen Ambivalent Conquest: Maya and the Spaniards in Yucatan, 1517-1570. It will give a brief idea of one's understanding of pre-Maya society and culture that largely come from Spanish sources of from sources that affected by European culture.
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Three New World Empires, 2002.
This paper discusses three New World empires: Maya, the Aztecs and the Inca.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper describes and compares the cultures of three great American indigenous cultures - the Maya, the Aztecs, and the Incas.
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Aztec Empire, 1985.
This paper discusses the destruction of the Aztec Empire the advanced Mexican civilization, by the 16th Century Spanish invaders: Cortes, Spaniards' needs and aims, depopulation of Indians and Montezuma.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 140.95
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From the Paper
"The period of exploration of the New World was also a period of exploitation as European adventurers and armies encountered the native population and took advantage of that population, robbing the civilizations found here and decimating the population. The Aztecs had a mighty civilization in the New World that was destroyed by the Conquistadors in the name of greed and Christianity. The Aztecs were regarded as uncivilized heathens, and their lands were taken from them, their goods were stolen, and their leaders murdered.
Aztec civilization--and it was indeed a civilization--created its most extraordinary achievements in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. It received a sudden and painful defeat at the hands of the Spanish army in 1519-1521. Aztec civilization flourished in the Valley of Mexico, a tiny area in comparison with the total ... "
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"Life Is a Dream" by Pedro Calderon De La Barca, 1996.
Analyzes Spaniard's 17th Cent. philosophical drama. Illusion vs. reality, history, astrology, free will, symbolism.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 12 sources, AU$ 153.95
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From the Paper
"One of the philosophical plays of Calder?n de la Barca is Life Is a Dream, a play that mixes several different themes in a complex fashion shaped around the basic plot and interaction of the characters. Calder?n expresses these themes in terms of imagery evoked either by the words of the characters or by the staging of the play itself. The essential conflict in the play is political--how can a ruler know that his successor is worthy and what can he do to assure a continuity of rule that will be of benefit to the kingdom? Patterns of imagery in the play contribute to this theme and to the other themes of import in the play--free will versus determinism, issues of deception, and the underlying concept that life is a dream. The basic contrast in the play that serves these different themes is that between..."
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"The Conquest Of New Spain" by Bernal Diaz, 1999.
Critical review of work on conquest of Mexico by Cortes, motivations of Spaniards, author's biases.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, AU$ 76.95
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From the Paper
"Bernal Diaz, in The Conquest of New Spain, tells the story of the conquering of Mexico by the Spaniards under Hernan Cortes. The book is more than merely about Cortes, although he is certainly the center of the book. Diaz accompanied Cortes on his exploits and offers a thoroughly positive view of the Spanish conqueror and of the entire Spanish enterprise in the Mexico. As translator J.M. Cohen writes in his Introduction, Diaz's book is a report on the overthrow of a great empire by a company of adventurers, inspired partly by a sense of mission and partly by a crude greed for gold. Their success, even their survival, could in his belief be accounted for only by the miraculous intervention of God and the Saints, who wished New Spain to be added to the realm of Christ and the Emperor ..."
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