| Papers [1-16] of 46 :: [Page 1 of 3] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 —> | Search results on "IMPACTS NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS FLUX": |
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Impacts of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Flux, 2005.
An analysis of the impacts of nitrogen and phosphorus glux from sediments in a small pond.
4,062 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 16 sources, APA, AU$ 159.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a research proposal that will confirm that sediments of the small pond discussed in the paper, like larger bodies of water, will contain significant amounts of P and N, and that these sediments will be one of the sources responsible for the increasing incidence of eutrophic or hypereutrophic in the nation's systems of ponds, rivers, lakes and streams.
From the Paper
"Over the millennia, water has provided humankind with numerous products and services, including transportation, food, drinking water, irrigation, recreation, and protection. Unfortunately, the world's lakes, rivers, and oceans have also been used as a dumping ground for by-products of industrial development and residential refuge. Until recently, however, there was very little attention was paid to water quality (Faeth & Greenhalgh, 2001). Today, the contamination of natural waters such as ponds, lakes, and rivers by anthropogenic organic chemicals has assumed major importance for environmental protectionists. A number of studies over the years have documented how many synthetic organic compounds, although applied or introduced to confined locations, tend to become widely dispersed even to the "ends of the earth" (Schwarzenbach, Haderlein, Muller & Ulrich, 1998). Today, the diffuse loss of phosphorus (P) from agricultural land is generally regarded as a major contributor to eutrophication of fresh water, and there has been a significant increase in research into this issue recently (Fertilizer Applications Influence Phosphorus Runoff, 2004)."
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Internal Phosphorus Loading in Shallow Lakes, 2008.
Explains that phosphorus released from sediments in shallow lakes plays an important role in the inability to manage the eutrophication process.
6,170 words (approx. 24.7 pages), 27 sources, APA, AU$ 211.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in lakes that have suffered years of external loading, high levels of bound phosphorus are released from pools into the surrounding water column. Phosphorus in pools is bound in many forms including redox-sensitive iron compounds and loosely bound organic compounds. The paper describes the microbial action, chemical reactions and physical disturbance to the sediment layer, which contribute to the release of phosphorous into the water column. The paper also reviews several management techniques, such as removing heavily contaminated sediment from the lake floor and precipitation by the addition of iron or alum, which help speed the recovery process of the lake.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Phosphorus forms in Sediment
Phosphorus Release Mechanisms
Chemical Release Mechanisms
Physical Release Mechanisms
Biological Release Mechanisms
Management and Restoration Techniques
Source Reduction Strategies
Physical Reduction of Phosphorus Availability
Chemical Removal
Analysis and Summary of Findings
Analyzing the Unknowns
Conclusions/Recommendations
From the Paper
"The first is the use of physical means such as dredging and flushing to remove sediments containing high concentrations of phosphorus. Another method is the use of agents such as Aluminum Sulfate or gypsum to bind phosphorus in the water system. Yet, other methods have focused on long term reduction of external loading as the ultimate solution to the problem. The success or failure of these methods depends on the source and fractionation profile of the lake.
It was once thought that reducing external loading of the lake would rapidly decrease phosphorus levels in lakes."
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Transpiration and Soil to Plant Phosphorus Movement, 2005.
An examination of transpiration's role in initiating plant phosphorus intake.
1,032 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 53.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the output of a soil nutrient, phosphorus, is examined and it is demonstrated that transpiration plays a role in the phosphorus cycle as transpiration can lead to phosphate output from the soil by initiating soil water extraction by plants. Definitions of key phrases are included within the text of the paper.
From the Paper
"Importantly, phosphorus, as an element, is present in phosphate, a water soluble compound characterized by one phosphorus atom for every four oxygen atoms. The water-soluble characteristic of phosphate is very important from the perspective of plant nutrient intake because, when phosphate is dissolved in soil water, it can enter a plant that draws soil water through its roots. However, in order for a plant to draw in soil water that may be enriched with phosphate, usually transpiration must occur first. For this reason, an analysis of how transpiration leads to the intake of soil water by a plant is necessary in order to understand transpiration's role in instigating the output of phosphorus from soil."
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Soil Analysis, 2006.
This paper provides an analysis of soil and studies soil samples.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer points out that soil bacteria control the course of nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus through ecosystems. Soil samples were taken from established sites, which have undergone existing long-term manipulations of temperature, nutrient and light availability. The writer discusses that the soil samples were found to contain bacteria through testing and are being studied to determine whether treatments known to affect plant communities also affect soil microbial biomass, activity, gene expression, and community composition as measured by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms.
From the Paper
"Soil is an intricate and active biological system, and at times it is difficult to determine the composition of microbial communities in soil. Yet, the study requires a wide variety of methods, which includes methods of extracting DNA from soil suitable for PCR amplification to monitor GM rhizobia and extracting mRNA directly from soil to use in gene expression studies. Hydrocarbons seem to be a contaminated factor when isolating the soil samples in determining bacteria characterization. "Bacteria were isolated from contaminated soil with the media indicating several homolog similarities (researched the possibility of several bacteria names through DP database as determined by the program SIMILARITY_RANK (10)"."
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The New Plague, 2002.
An examination of the increased concern for environmental pollution and reasons why.
1,530 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
A synthesis essay on the rise of toxic protists due to the increase in dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations from man-made pollution. Specific examples are used to illustrate this building environmental concern.
From the paper:
""In the Rivers and Coastal Waters of America an Ancient and Deadly Organism, Reawakened by Man-Made Pollution, May Become the Ultimate Biological Threat? (Barker, cover). In 1984, a small herd of cows in Montana collapsed and died in ten minutes after drinking from a pond coated with a pea green film. In 1987, three people died and more than 100 became ill after eating blue mussels from Prince Edward Island. In 1996, 149 manatees perished mysteriously off the coast of Florida. Autopsies of these endangered marine mammals revealed biological poisons in their brains and other tissues."
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"The 13th Element", 2002.
A book review of "The 13th Element: The Sordid Tale of Murder, Fire and Phosphorus" by John Emsley.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 1 source, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss the book "The 13th Element: The Sordid Tale of Murder, Fire and Phosphorus" by John Emsley and seek to review this book on the history of the element Phosphorus. The book reveals many fascinating facts about the many different uses of this common element.
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Electrostatics, 2005.
An insight to the theory of electrostatics.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces some of fundamental concepts of electrostatics including: electric surface charge density, electric flux density, Coulomb's Law and the Gauss's Theorem.
Paper Outline:
Electric Charge
Electric Surface Charge Density
Electric Flux and Electric Flux Density
Fields and Potential
Electric Potential
Electric Field Strength
Coulomb's Law
The E Field for a Point of Change
Electric Potential in a Field Due to a Single Point Charge
Surface Charge Density and Curvature
Electric Field as the (Negative) Gradient of Potential
Gauss's Theorem
References
From the Paper
"In some substances, particularly metals, negatively charged particles (electrons) can move easily. Such substances are called electrical conductors. Other substances, in which electrons do not move freely, are called electrical insulators. There is another group of substances which are neither good conductors nor good insulators but which have become increasingly important in the last 50 years; these are called semiconductors."
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Scientific Investigation of Hazardous Materials, 2006.
Five hazardous materials are identified and classified in tables: Chlorine, Phosgene, Acetylene, Hydrazine and Phosphorus.
1,325 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper describes these scientific materials under the following titles: Product Identification
Product Labeling
Physical Properties
Extinguishing Media
Special Procedures for Fire Fighters
Special Equipment
Health Hazards
From the Paper
"Highly toxic gas: Do not approach without vapor protection and appropriate protective clothing.
Small Spills:
- Isolate area 100 ft in all directions.
- Protect .2 miles downwind from spill during day, .8 miles downwind during night.
- Chlorine maybe absorbed in solution of caustic soda, soda ash or hydrated lime."
Large Spills:
- Isolate area 800 ft in all directions.
- Protect 1.5 miles downwind from spill during day, 4.6 miles downwind during night.
- Chlorine maybe absorbed in solution of caustic soda, soda ash or hydrated lime.
If fire is present:
- When possible, remove containers to avoid explosion.
- Use water only for smaller fires, do not use chemicals: Control run-off to avoid pollution.
- Once fire is extinguished, continue to cool containers: Avoid overcooling, as icing may occur.
- In case of large fire, use unmanned hoses or withdraw from the area. Explosion can occur.
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Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 2005.
This paper researches the implications of the 1973 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) Annex (VI) requirements on the sulfur content of fuel oil.
7,365 words (approx. 29.5 pages), 18 sources, APA, AU$ 236.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the MARPOL Annex VI protocol is concerned with the prevention of ship-source air pollution in the form of nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx) and other air-borne pollutants, but a number of challenges remain in terms of its effectiveness and enforceability, which are the subject of this study. The author points out that the research showed that the maritime industry continues to be the largest unregulated source of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions and represents serious long-term challenges to providing viable ozone standards in coastal regions. The paper concludes that any option that involves extensive re-blending or refinery processing changes, which will almost certainly produce a marine fuel substantially different in quality than the industry standard for the past 50 years have, will be costly and therefore driven largely by economic forces. Tables.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of Problem
Research Questions
Research Methodology
Review of the Literature
Background and Overview
Operational Aspects of a Sulphur Limit on Marine Fuels
Analysis and Discussion
Implications, Effects, and Challenges Faced by Operators, Owners, Authorities on the Low Sulphur Cap
Invest in Residue Desulphurisation (RDS)
The Availability of Low-Sulphur Fuels in the Future
Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendations
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Article 211 of the 1982 LOS Convention provides the general guidelines for vessel-source pollution; for example, Article 211(3) requires the port state to notify others, through the International Maritime Organization (IMO), of requirements to be met before a vessel is permitted to enter the port state's territorial waters. Today, the IMO has around 160 members and is headed by a secretary-general, who serves a four-year term and oversees a Secretariat staff of approximately 300--one of the smallest UN agency staffs. All members are represented in the Assembly, the IMO's primary policy-making body, which meets once every two years. The Council, originally consisting of 24 members but subsequently increased to 32 (a 1993 resolution suggested an increased membership of 40, but it remains unratified); the Council meets twice each year and is tasked with governing the organization between Assembly sessions."
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Human Impact on the Environment, 2004.
This paper briefly discusses the way that humans have impacted the environment over the years.
779 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 40.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses the following issues: how the Neolithic period and Industrial Revolution impacted the natural environment and what is meant by environmental revolution; the biogeochemical cycles for carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous and the human impact on these cycles; and the overall value of the natural ecosystems for human survival and the significance of measuring this value.
From the Paper
"The human society before the Neolithic Revolution (also called Agricultural Revolution) about 10~12,000 years ago, consisted of small groups of hunters/ gatherers who adapted to their environment and relied on the resources available in their surroundings. Their mobile way of life was suited to the raising of small families, which kept the populations in check and did not put a strain on the earth?s environment. After the Neolithic Revolution, human beings started to live permanently in one place for the first time in their history. The dependence of the communities on small pieces of land for growing food put pressure on the environment. The human population began to expand exponentially since it was now desirable to have more children with agriculture requiring more ?hands? in the fields. This impacted the environment further."
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Acid Rain, 2002.
An analysis of effects and industry costs in the U.S. and Canada.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 129.95
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Abstract
This ten-page undergraduate paper examines the issue of acid rain in eastern Canada and the New England states. The author notes that acid rain is created through the reaction of air pollutants such as sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides with water in the air, which forms strong acids such as sulfuric and nitric acid. It spreads across wide geographic areas, making it difficult to conclusively determine who is responsible for damages, thus creating political controversy and complicating efforts to reduce it. While progress has been made in reducing acid rain, much more needs to be done, both politically and in private industry.
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Air Pollution, 2002.
An examination of the effect of different gases on the quality of air and on the population's health.
11,025 words (approx. 44.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 316.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a detailed analysis of several gases and chemicals which are present in the air we breathe and how these are causing adverse effects on our health. It explains that air pollution created by humans is the most dangerous and discusses possible ways to reduce this phenomena.
Outdoor Air Pollution
Ozone
Nitrogen Dioxide
Sulphur Dioxide
Acid Aerosols
Particulates
Air Toxics
Carbon Monoxide
Lead
Asbestos
Asbestos: Health and Exposure
Potential Effects of Outdoor Air Pollution on Health
War: Detrimental Consequences and Air Pollution
War Gases
Classification of War Gases
Asphyxiants (Irrespirable Gases)
Sewer Gas
Emphysema
From the Paper
"The air that surrounds us is a mixture of 78 percent nitrogen; 21 percent oxygen; less than 1 percent of carbon dioxide, argon, and other gases; and varying amounts of water vapor. Any other particles, gases or unoriginal constituents hanging in the air which are not part of its original composition are called ?Pollutants? and this kind of air is called
Polluted Air. Even inhaling small amounts of such air pollutants can have serious effects on one?s health and leads to environmental problems. We can see some air pollutants such as the reddish-brown haze in smog; however, other air pollutants, including some of the most dangerous, are invisible.
Air pollution can be natural or human-made. Air pollution occurs naturally during volcano eruptions, forest fires, or dust storms. This has been an occasional problem for humans. However, during the past hundred years, air pollution created by humans has become a major, persistent problem."
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Regulating the Flow - Control of Water Balance in Animals, 2002.
A practical experiment looking at water balance within bodies
3,400 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 140.95
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Abstract
An experiment that looks at a large amount of data and interpreting this to draw conclusions on water balance within animals. Looks at hormonal responses, salt concentrations, nitrogenous wastes, water losses and water intake via foods. Data is provided in results, and is fully interpreted, with focus on kidney function and wastes with respect to water balance within the body.
From the Paper
"In human?s, the role of water balance is controlled by the kidneys, which act as an internal filter, removing wastes from the blood such as nitrogenous compounds which can be toxic if they accumulate. In an average adult male, there is approximately 5 litres of blood within the body, and of this, 1 litre of blood passes through the kidneys in I minute, so the total blood volume is filtered roughly every 5 minutes. "
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Eutrophication, 2002.
This study is about the process of eutrophication.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
This is the gradual increase in the concentration of phosphorous, nitrogen and other plant nutrients in an aging aquatic system, such as a lake, river or shallow sea. When the body of water becomes excessively enriched with nutrients, such as nitrate fertilizers and phosphates, algae and bacteria develops. In turn, this uses extra oxygen in the water, which tends to make it uninhabitable by other animal life. This essay will begin by discussing what eutrophication is and what causes it. It will list some examples and suggest ways that eutrophication can be reversed or halted.
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Gases and Divers, 2002.
A look at the effect of gases on divers under pressure.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 129.95
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Abstract
This ten-page undergraduate paper addresses the effects of various gases like Oxygen, Nitrogen, Helium, Argon, Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide on divers under pressure. Also discussed would be the concepts of partial pressure and the bends followed by medical problems associated to pressure changes. Laws pertaining to pressure will be discussed too.
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Alternative-Fuel Vehicles (AFV), 2005.
This paper discusses alternative-fuel vehicles (AFV) and the advantages of adding them to the Lotus rental car fleet.
2,075 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews four alternate fuel options -- hybrids, turbo direct injection diesel, natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG); the advantages of alternate fuel options include healthier environmental impacts, a release reduction of carbon monoxide and other unhealthy gases (lead and nitrogen oxides) in the atmosphere and more fuel efficient options. The author points out that, currently, of the major car rental companies such as Hertz, Avis and Budget, only Budget presently offers alternative-fuel car rentals. The paper concludes that the economic advantages for Lotus Car Rental to offer AFVs to their Fleet are invaluable because (1) the consumer market's opinion has changed due to the rapid development in AFV technology, (2) the increasing gas prices, (3) the environmental crisis, (4) the tax incentives offered by the I.R.S., (5) the great success of car manufacturers in developing, producing and distributing AFVs and (6) the competitive and marketing advantages of Lotus to be associated with the pioneers in this field. Table and charts.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The History of Rental Cars in the U.S.
Alternative Fuel Options
Hybrids
Turbo Direct Injection Diesel
Natural Gas
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
Car Rentals and Alternative Fuel Vehicles
Advantages of Offering Alternative Fuel Vehicles as part of the Lotus Rental Fleet
The Future and Alternative Fuel Vehicles
Summary
From the Paper
"Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV's) combine the conventional internal combustion engine with the battery and electric motor of an electric vehicle. The HEV's have gained a lot of popularity in recent years, because it offers the driver the same range in mileage and rapid refueling options as the conventional vehicle. The practical benefits of HEV's include improved fuel economy and lower emissions compared to conventional vehicles. A disadvantage is the purchase price, which is about $3,000 higher than a comparable car with a internal combustion engine that uses petroleum."
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