| Papers [1-16] of 24 :: [Page 1 of 2] | | Go to page : 1 2 —> | Search results on "IMPACT MISCARRIAGE": |
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Impact of Miscarriage, 2006.
A discussion of the emotional impact of miscarriage on couples.
1,259 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the way that miscarriages impact the expectant parents, both as a couple and as individuals. The writer discusses how a miscarriage leaves a woman feeling powerless, vulnerable and fragile. It also looks at coping mechanisms which help couples get through this difficult experience.
From the Paper
"Miscarriage or unintended pregnancy loss, referred to as spontaneous abortion, usually occurs within the first twenty weeks of gestation (Kader pp). Although the miscarriage rate is roughly one in five pregnancies up to twenty weeks gestation, the majority of early pregnancy losses occur with the first twelve weeks of pregnancy (Kader pp). Miscarriage after the first trimester does occur, however it is less common (Kader pp). Kader points out that it is difficult to have an accurate reporting of early pregnancy loss because a miscarriage can occur as early as the first six to eight weeks of pregnancy, before the mother even realizes that she is pregnant (Kader pp)."
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Pregnancy Following Miscarriage, 2005.
A discussion on the needs of women who would like to fall pregnant after suffering a miscarriage or stillbirth.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the conflicting emotions of women who fall pregnant after having lost a baby through stillbirth or miscarriage. The paper describes some of the support groups and services that are available for women who find themselves in this position or for those who would like to attempt to fall pregnant again, but have not yet succeeded.
From the Paper
"Critique of Cote-Arsenault's and Freije's Article Introduction Support for women who want to get pregnant after losing a baby is becoming more important all the time. Losing babies is more common today mainly because of medical technology. As well, miscarriage and stillbirth also are common experiences for pregnant women. When these women become pregnant again, they experience conflict consisting of joy and expectation along with anxiety and fear. This issue was chosen for two reasons. First, it is a problem created mainly by medicine, and secondly, society tends to look down on women who lose a baby."
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Support After Miscarriage, 2005.
A discussion on the need for support for women who want to fall pregnant after suffering a loss of pregnancy.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the problems of pregnancy and loss of pregnancy. It specifically talks about the need for support groups for women who have suffered miscarriages or still births and wish to fall pregnant again. The paper discusses opions for nurses to find information where they can send women who fall into this category.
From the Paper
"Research Critique: Cote-Arsenault, D. & Freije, M. (2004). Support Groups helping women through pregnancies after loss. Introduction The issue of support for women who wish to be pregnant after the loss of a baby is very significant. It is becoming more of a problem because of technology. Technology is used to help women become pregnant and it often results in loss. Miscarriage and stillbirth also are common for pregnant women. Research into this problem such as the study conducted by Cote-Arsenault and Freije (2004) is important for very nurses. It provides nurses with information about where to send these women for help and support."
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Bed Rest to Prevent Preterm Birth, 2005.
Reviews literature to try and verify the claim that bed rest for pregnant women might prevent miscarriage in high-risk pregnancies.
847 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 44.95
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Abstract
Loss of pregnancy before 23 weeks happens in 10 - 20 % of pregnancies. It is associated with chromosomal defects in about one half to one third of the cases. Many interventions are used, but bed rest is the most common. The objective of this review is to evaluate the effect of prescription of bed rest during pregnancy to prevent miscarriage in women at high risk. The paper concludes that although bed rest is widely used to reduce the risk for preterm birth, there is no evidence that this practice is beneficial. Further research evidence is needed to support or refute the efficacy of bed rest in women with high risk for miscarriage.
From the Paper
"Currently there is not enough evidence to support the use of bed rest in multiple fetus pregnancies. Although there is a suggestion that fetal growth is improved, no other risk reduction is evident. For uncomplicated twin pregnancies, the risk is actually increased if bed rest is used. Further research evidence is necessary to be able to recommend this clinical practice."
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Actual Innocence by Sheck, Neufeld & Dwyer, 2001.
Discusses problem of miscarriages of justice, especially for capital crimes. DNA testing, legal maneuvers. Moratorium of capital punishment. Cites cases.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 104.95
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From the Paper
"In their book Actual Innocence Scheck, Neufeld and Dwyer expose a catastrophic level of failure in the American criminal justice system. The ever-increasing revelations of the innocence of numerous people serving life sentences or awaiting execution on death row leads them, and the reader, to the conclusion that a moratorium on capital punishment is essential. But their book leads to much larger questions than this--and that is its greater purpose. In many of the recent cases in which innocence has been demonstrated it is DNA testing that has been the key to these reversals--and has "exonerated more than 80 prisoners, including eight on death row," in the last seven years (Saletan 27). But other serious problems--including police misconduct, prosecutorial malpractice, a completely misplaced faith in eyewitness accounts, and worse than inadequate defense counsel--..."
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The Innocence Commission: Wrongful Convictions, 2006.
A look at how individuals are wrongfully convicted of a crime and what solutions are available to correct the situation.
1,639 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how a wrongful conviction is a miscarriage of justice and occurs when a person is convicted and punished for a crime he did not commit. The paper also looks at how most criminal justice systems have some means to overturn or rectify a wrongful conviction, but this is very difficult to achieve. Finally, the paper looks at the causes of some of these wrongful convictions and contends that when an innocent person is wrongfully convicted, it is definitely a serious miscarriage of justice.
Outline:
Introduction
The Causes of Wrongful Convictions
Case Examples
Suggestions to Eliminate Wrongful Convictions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The most common reason for a wrongful conviction is because of a mistaken I.D. Studies have been done over the years to determine the error percentage. But from 1932 when the first study done by Borchard through 1996 conducted by Huff, Rattner, and Sagarin, the percentages range anywhere from 45% to 60%. The biggest reason for witness misidentification is because most police departments show victims pictures simultaneously rather than one at a time. Studies show fewer errors are made when pictures are shown one at a time. In addition, sometimes victims want to identify the offender so badly that he or she may identify anyone who even remotely looks like the person or persons who wronged them."
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DES and pregnancy, 2005.
A discussion on the medical mishaps surrounding DES and its use in pregnancy.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 90.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how DES, although not adequately tested, was marketed as preventing miscarriages and producing healthier babies. The paper describes how, for more than three decades, pregnant women and their children were exposed to the drug until the dangers to pregnant women became clear in 1971. The writer proposes that the effects on women resulted from a collusion between doctors, the drug industry, researchers and governments, as well as from the male medical field and cultural assumptions regarding gender. The writer argues that DES was an outstanding example of the medicalization of women's bodies. The paper reports on four mothers and their daughters impacted by DES and the links such as pregnancy, health, and co-exposure.
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The Life and Death of Sylvia Plath, 2005.
Explores poet, Sylvia Plath's past and the influences they had on her poetry. It explores and explicates two of her poems "Edge" and "Daddy."
3,247 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 136.95
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Abstract
Sylvia Plath's life was tainted with repeated tragedies that influenced her work. The paper delves into important biographical details of her life, including the death of her father, her fear of failure, her first suicide attempt, electroshock therapy, her successes and failures as a poet and short-story writer, her marriage, miscarriage, split from her husband, death, and her rise to fame afterwards. The paper then specifically looks at two of her poems, the "Edge" and "Daddy", and how the violent images and death work within.
From the Paper
"For thirty years, Sylvia had lived in the shadow of her father's death. It affected her profoundly, but she becomes ready to move on. The shoe, which is often seen as an extension of the Nazi metaphor, alludes to the repression of grief for her father and denial of the hatred she has for him. She never truly mourned his death and the shoe becomes suffocating. The poet has hidden away in this shoe; this cage of suppressed emotion. "Barely daring to breathe or Achoo" may refer to her childhood when the upstairs-downstairs system was being used because Plath's mother was afraid that the children's noise would cause him pain. It may also refer to her fear of her father."
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Prejudice In the Sacco-Vanzetti Case, 1999.
This paper discusses the (mis)trial of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti.
1,344 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the famous Sacco-Venzetti case, and the bigotry inherent in the court system at the time. The author presents a balanced account of the facts of the case. He/she includes remarks made by the ruling judge in order to make the case that the trial was a miscarriage of justice.
From the Paper
"The United States was celebrating its victory in World War I, and a rampant anti-Communist sentiment was building within the country, culminating in the ?Red Scare? of 1919 and 1920. The American government began a campaign of repression against all elements it deemed subversive to democracy- anarchists, Communists, and any other radical groups (Ehrmann 34). J. Edgar Hoover?s career as director of General Intelligence in the Justice Department was begun during this time; his first test and responsibility was the case of Sacco and Vanzetti (44). Nicola Sacco, a shoe factory worker, and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, a fish peddler, were arrested, convicted, and executed in a miscarriage of justice; the actions of the state government were motivated by inherent prejudices of their heritage and political affiliations."
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Fear of Pregnancy and Child Birth, 2005.
A look at some of the disorders that stem from a pathological fear of childbirth.
3,952 words (approx. 15.8 pages), 91 sources, MLA, AU$ 156.95
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Abstract
Pregnancy is a major life event for all women. However, when a psychiatric disorder is added to or exacerbated by the pregnancy then the problem requires expert knowledge from more than one area of medicine. This paper looks at pregnancy and the relationship with depression, eating disorders, and pathological fear of childbirth or tokophobia. It also examines the outcome for these women and their babies. Mental illness is a serious concern. It is now recognised that death from suicide is the leading cause of maternal death overall. Research in these areas is relatively sparse but an attempt is made to collate what is known.
Abstract
Depression Related To Pregnancy and Childbirth
Infanticide
Eating Disorders
Miscarriage
Termination of Pregnancy
Pathological Dread and Avoidance of Childbirth (Tokophobia)
Tokophobia Classification
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Although the state of pregnancy is both normal for, and often desired by, women in early adulthood, it is not uncommon to experience anxiety at the physical and emotional consequences of the gravid state. It is not the purpose of this paper to comment on psychiatric and psychological descriptions of the "normal" pregnant woman but concentrate on some pathological psychiatric conditions that may effect pregnant women. Anxiety and fear of pregnancy and childbirth are documented features of eating disorders, mood disorders, and pathological dread and avoidance of childbirth or tokophobia. "
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Ultrasounds, 2007.
This paper discusses the use of obstetric ultrasounds and diabetes in childbirth.
1,007 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper explains how using ultrasounds assures that a fetus is growing at a normal rate and provides the most accurate and reliable noninvasive means of detecting fetal growth, retardation, multiple gestation and severe fetal malformations. The paper discusses women with diabetes and the added risks this presents to the fetus. The paper relates that pregnant women with diabetes are more likely than non-diabetic women to lose their baby, either during pregnancy by miscarriage or intrauterine death, or after the birth.
From the Paper
"Millions of expectant parents have seen the first picture of their unborn child with pelvic ultrasound examinations of the uterus and fetus (Ultrasound). Imaging is used extensively for evaluating the eyes, pelvic and abdominal organs, heart and blood vessels, and aids physicians in determining the source of pain, swelling or infection in various parts of the body (Ultrasound). Due to the real time images that ultrasound provides, it can also be used to guide procedures such as needle biopsies, and is now being used to image the breasts and to guide biopsy of breast cancer, and is also used to evaluate superficial structures such as the thyroid gland and scrotum (Ultrasound)."
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Dissecting the Case of Sacco and Vanzetti, 2006.
An analysis of the Sacco and Vanzetti case of 1920.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the case of Sacco and Vanzetti, who in 1920, were convicted for the murders of a paymaster and his guard during a robbery. On the surface, the trial seems to be straightforward. However, many believe that it represents a major miscarriage of justice in the American judicial system. The paper examines the case, showing that the verdict was unduly affected by the Red Scare, represented a clash between social radicals and conservative reactionaries, and helped lay the foundation for modern ethnic racism in the United States. On April 15, 1920 the paymaster for a shoe factory and his guard were murdered during a robbery of the factory payroll. Three weeks later Sacco--a shoe factory worker--and Vanzetti--a fish peddler--were arrested for the crime. Both were Italian immigrants and anarchists.
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Trial by Jury in the English Legal System, 2007.
A look at the English jury system.
2,145 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 16 sources, MLA, AU$ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the role of the British jury system and investigates its effectiveness putting forward the arguments of many opponents. The paper suggests that, if the present due process model lacks "confidence in informal pre-trial fact-finding processes" then it would be wrong to believe that due process would be better served if the jury was abolished, for it is the jury which provides the forum for formal fact finding at trial. The paper concludes that if we blame the jury for the loss of due process to innocents that have been convicted and ignore the fundamental flaws of due process safeguards within the pre-trial system, then, ultimately, this disregard that will 'further legitimise and perpetuate miscarriages of justice'.
From the Paper
"The civil jury declined massively in the twentieth century, and the case of Ward v James established that trial by judge should be the usual mode of trial. It is significant, that today only 1% of criminal cases actually culminate in jury trial making the argument for juries somewhat a statistical irrelevance. It is therefore perhaps unfair to argue that juries convict too many innocent people when trial by jury is such a rare opportunity. A single wrongful conviction is considered as one too many, but although it is admirable to aim for a system that prevents a single miscarriage of justice to occur it is perhaps a little unrealistic. The role of the jury is to form a verdict drawn from only the facts presented at trial. No twelve good men or women would intentionally inflict a conviction on a person whom they knew to be innocent. To attribute the blame of a wrongful conviction to, and solely to, the jury is too simplistic an analysis; the role of the jury is to come to an honest conclusion about the facts presented at trial. If these facts are later found to be 'unsatisfactory' or 'unsafe' perhaps it is the criminal justice system itself, which 'helps to legitimise and perpetuate miscarriages of justice', and not the jury who are perhaps too often the victims of blame."
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The Tragedy at Love Canal, 2007.
This paper is a case study of the environmental disaster at Love Canal in Niagara Falls, which led to new environmental policies and the creation of the Superfund.
3,895 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 155.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the never completed Love Canal became a dump site for chemical wastes from Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation, a local company and subsidiary of Occidental Petroleum Corporation. The author relates that, in 1978, twenty five years after the Hooker Chemical Company stopped dumping into the Love Canal, it was suspected that carcinogens were leaching from their containers causing birth defects, miscarriages, breathing problems and burns. The paper states that the Department of Justice, acting as a representative of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), won lawsuits against these companies. The author reports that, in 1980, Congress passed the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA, known as Superfund, which enforced a tax on industries with chemical and petroleum products and made it easier for the Federal Government to respond to hazardous waste exposure.
Table of Contents:
An Introduction to Love Canal
The Love Canal Chemical Incident
The United States vs. Hooker Chemical
Funding for Relief Efforts
Love Canal and the Creation of Superfund
The Road to Recovery and Normalization
Present Day Love Canal
From the Paper
"Prosecutors requested that the court order an immediate remediation of all four disposal site, the construction of walls to barricade the chemicals that remained, and to install water and air monitoring systems, all to be funded by Hooker Chemical. Complete medical service for each person living in the Love Canal and Hyde Park areas of Niagara Falls was also requested by prosecutors, at the expense of Hooker. This medical program requested was to include all past and present residents and their offspring, and health coverage was proposed for the rest of their lives."
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Racial Profiling And Crime Fighting, 2004.
Examines racial profiling as an abuse of law enforcement.
2,938 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 150.95
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Abstract
Racial profiling is examined in this paper as an abuse of law enforcement primarily against blacks and Latinos. It discusses the concept of race, the use of profiling as a crime fighting technique and miscarriages of justice based on racial prejudice.
From the Paper
"In discussing the merits of racial profiling as a crime-fighting technique we must first examine the concept of race itself. Physical anthropologists have determined that modern homo sapiens evolved from non-human ancestors in Africa some years ago based on DNA studies and the analysis of proteins and that racial differences developed as evolutionary adaptations to the different environments into which they moved. There is no question that there are a great deal of obvious physical differences among human beings ..."
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The British Criminal Justice System, 2001.
A discussion on the role, pros and cons of the British criminal justice system.
2,392 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 14 sources, APA, AU$ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the British criminal justice system with reference to statutory instruments, bills, cases and legal opinion. It looks at how the criminal justice system is considered to be one of the most imperative tools available to society for the control of anti-social behaviour and, in particular, how it needs to strike a balance between protecting the innocent and convicting the guilty. It also discusses how the system does not try to establish innocence, but whether there is enough evidence to convict and how this system has lead to many miscarriages of justice and has lead to many honourable persons to believe that a change to the inquisitorial system may prevent this.
From the Paper
"In 1993 the CPS went under a substantial change to increase efficiency. Sir Ian Glidewell stated that ' the 1993 reforms had made the CPS more bureaucratic' He believes that CPS has the potential to become a lively, successful and esteemed part of the criminal justice system. The CPS has not escaped criticism, despite its recent performance. James Hunt QC believed that if the public knew of the cost to them the taxpayer would be appalled . In 1998 the Glidewell Report heavily criticised the CPS. The key recommendations of the report were that the powers should be devolved so that the CPS would become less centralised."
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