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Air Pollution: World-wide Impact, 1991.
This paper discusses the world-wide impact of air pollution: Health hazards, causes, threat to animals and plants, melting of polar ice-caps, ozone layer dangers and need for international solutions.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 92.95
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From the Paper
"People who live in urban environments are closely familiar with air pollution in the form of smog. Such pollution is often detectable in the sky because it forms a brownish haze which is clearly visible to the naked eye. In addition, it is obvious that air pollution in the form of smog poses a number of health hazards to the urban dweller. This is evident in the fact that it causes shortness of breath and occasionally even stings the eyes. It is also well-known that urban smog is caused by the emissions of cars, trucks, buses, and industrial enterprises. However, recent studies on the environment have shown that air pollution is no longer simply a local urban problem as seen in the existence of smog. In fact, it is now known that air pollution is having a world-wide impact and that it may eventually cause severe global damage which will be impossible to ... "
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Air Pollution In Buenos Aires, 2006.
This brief, yet concise, paper examines the lack of regulations and enforcement capabilities in Buenos Aires which are the main contributing factors in the high levels of air pollution in the city.
720 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 37.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper describes the escalating air pollution problem in Buenos Aires, mostly due to the increase in poorly maintained automobiles that are permitted to operate. This paper examines the increase in mortality rates due to respiratory and circulatory diseases which are a direct result of declining air quality. This paper also discusses the various strategies that the government and environmental groups are considering instituting in the Argentinean capital, which include spot controlling of diesel vehicles as well as a training and awareness campaign.
Table of Contents:
Sources of Air Pollution In Buenos Aires
Emissions of Pollutants in Buenos Aires
Air Quality Monitoring in Buenos Aires
Conclusions
References
From the Paper
"In 1988 estimated emissions of particulates were 68,000 tons per annum, stationary sources being responsible for 96% of emissions in the early eighties. These sources were given 5 years to comply with strict guidelines aimed at reducing emissions. The imposed reductions have been met by industry, however the particulate problem remains. Probably caused by the fleet of poorly maintained diesels. To resolve this problem several measures have been introduced including Spot control of diesel vehicles, certification of distributed diesel oils and a training and awareness campaign especially for truck, taxi and bus owners."
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Ontario Air Pollution, 2008.
A study on the economic impact of air pollution on Ontario.
1,410 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper states that there is no doubt that air pollution has an adverse impact on Ontario's economy with the most marked effect being on health care and lost time from work stemming from air pollution caused illness for both the ill person and the caregivers. The author points out that air pollution puts an added demand on Ontario's health care providers, which are already overburdened. The paper relates that the consequence is that the Ontarian taxpayer is paying more tax dollars to support this growing health care problem. The author also explores potential solutions to the problem.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background and the Problem
Economics of Air Pollution
Potential Solutions and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Suzuki Foundation cites thee areas in which the government could have an impact on reducing air pollution: Tax shifting by taxing air polluters extra and adopting tax breaks for environmentally friendly practices; eliminating perverse subsidies as described above; and increasing investment in the environment to drive down the cost of energy renewable resources such as solar and wind power.
"However, our research shows that governmental intervention by the Canadians or Ontarians cannot solely solve the problem."
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Air Pollution Control in Ann Arbor, 2006.
A look at regulatory efforts for fighting air pollution in the Ann Arbor region of Michigan and the implications of these regulations for fighting air pollution throughout the country.
3,825 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 220.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the regulatory environment for air pollution and its control in the Ann Arbor region, noting that Ann Arbor is key to the fight against air pollution through the actions of the National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory in the city. The organization provides a technical review of the issue and of the technical and regulatory issues involved in controlling emissions to reduce air pollution.
From the Paper
"Air pollution affects the Ann Arbor region as it does other major cities, and Ann Arbor is also key to the fight against air pollution through the actions of the National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory in the city. The organization provides a technical review of the issue and of the technical and regulatory issues involved in controlling emissions to reduce air pollution. This organization and researchers at the University of Michigan provide recommendations, expertise, and analysis for various governmental organizations at different levels across the country to address the regulatory issues raised by air pollution and the need to reduce it and its effects."
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The Economic Effects of Air Pollution, 2006.
A discussion regarding the economics of air pollution in developed and developing countries.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
This essay deals with a number of economic issues raised by air pollution in developed and developing countries. The general argument is that although developed and developing countries have similar issues to deal with when it comes to air pollution, there are also important differences between the developed and developing countries in terms of air pollution. The paper goes on to say that the first major difference was the sources of air pollution. In developed countries air pollution mostly comes from motor vehicles like car, trucks and SUVs. In developing countries air pollution is coming from industrialization, car use and increasing energy consumption. In both developed and developing countries air pollution is a by-product of other economic activities.
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Air Pollution, 2006.
An overview of the definition and effect of air pollution and what can be done to prevent it.
1,484 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how the major sources of air pollution are transportation engines, power and heat generation, industrial processes, and the burning of solid waste. It discusses how it has been been a growing problem since the advent of the Industrial Revolution and how the health problems from particulates and other pollutants in the air can be severe. In particular, it looks at how, since the passage of the Clean Air Act in 1970, the United States has made significant strides in the control of air pollution.
Outline:
What Is Air Pollution?
History of Air Pollution
What Substances Pollute Our Air?
Health Problems
Status of Air Pollution in the U. S. Today
Future Directions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"By many accounts, ozone presents the most serious air quality problem in the United States. Ozone is not a particulate. However, particulates released into the atmosphere help create excess ozone. Ozone is formed by the interaction of ultraviolet rays of the sun and nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), sometimes called hydrocarbons. This reaction is called "phytochemical" and cannot occur without polluting emissions from power plants, industrial plants, and internal combustion engines from cars, trucks, and construction machinery (Whitman, 2005). Other sources include commonly used chemical compounds such as those used in paint or in dry cleaning plants (Whitman, 2005). These problems are often aggravated by summer's heat, and contribute to thousands of deaths every year in the United States (Whitman, 2005). "
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Air Pollution, 1993.
Discusses the nature of air pollution and of clean air, reviewing the major types and sources of air pollution.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 57.95
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From the Paper
"AIR POLLUTION
The question of what constitutes air pollution should begin with a definition of what constitutes clean air. Even clean air contains many substances other than oxygen and nitrogen, its major constituents, including rare gases such as argon, neon, and helium, as well as ozone, carbon dioxide, radioactive materials from the earth, and various nitrogen and sulfur compounds. The air would also contain variable amounts of water vapor and many suspended solid particles and liquid substances. Suspended materials known as aerosols are defined as dust particles and condensation nuclei, the latter consisting of chloride salts, sulfuric and nitrous acids, phosphorous compounds, and many other chemical substances. These nuclei have an affinity for water and ..."
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Air Pollution and Its Control, 1985.
This paper discusses air pollution: Classes of pollutants, effects, control techniques and L.A. air pollution.
1,012 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 25 sources, AU$ 197.95
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From the Paper
"Major air pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, photochemical oxidants, particulate matter and lead. Additionally, a wide variety of other chemical gasses, mists, fumes and particles have the potential to pollute the air. Some seemingly harmless substances, such as wheat flour, may be considered local pollutants when dust impairs the breathing of workers.
Three air pollutants are frequently discussed together due to interrelated chemistries. These include hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and photochemical oxidants, especially ozone (O3). The family NOx includes nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ammonia (NH3) and other nitrogen ... "
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Air Pollution, 2002.
A discussion of individual action as a solution to preventing air pollution.
922 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to prove that contrary to what most people think, air pollution is not a complex problem that requires complex solutions, air pollution can actually be resolved through preventive measures and individual actions of the people in the society. It outlines what air pollution is and the several causes of why air pollution has developed and has increasingly worsened over the years. It evaluates the need for coordination of individual action due to the large amount of pollutants in the air which come from people who consume and make use of products that contain chemicals and substances. It concludes with preventative steps that every individual can carry out such as preventing the emission of gas pollutants and replacing standard light bulbs with energy-efficient fluorescent bulbs.
From the Paper
"The effects of air pollution ranges from changes in the geophysical composition and environmental balance of the planet to great danger in human health. Because of air pollution, water resources may decrease in amount, and when these happens, organisms and living things that thrive on these bodies of water will die or abandon the area, causing a disruption in the balance of nature, because other organisms may be dependent on the organisms that have left the area, and when this happens, a chain reaction will happen, and all other organisms will be left to die or suffer from the effects of air pollution."
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Air and Water Pollution, 2008.
A review of the effects of air and water pollution on the world.
1,792 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 83.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the fact that polluting of water, regardless of the source whether from industry, agriculture or household, ultimately finds its way into the environment, causing substantial damage to health and to the environment. The paper relates that air pollution is responsible for premature deaths and includes pollution from road transport, industrial sources, forest and agricultural fires.
Outline:
Effects of Air and Water Pollution and Its Relation to Environmental Laws
Climate Change
Environmental and Emission Laws
Future Trends of Air and Water Pollution
Analysis of Future Trends
From the Paper
"Figures of WHO reveals that air pollution is responsible for 8,00,000 premature deaths from lung cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases apart from the rising incidence of chronic bronchitis, severe respiratory illness, asthma, heart ailment and damage of lung function. The bulk of this pollution includes road transport, stationary combustion sources such as coal burning in households, industrial sources, incinerators and waste disposals, fossil fuels power plants and also non-combustion sources such as construction, quarrying and mining and lot of other sources such as forest and agricultural fires. The principal pollutants seen in the air we breathe covers particulate matter, PAHs, lead, ground level ozone, heavy metals, sulphur dioxide, benzene, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxides."
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Air Pollution in Toronto and Beijing, 2008.
A comparison of solutions to air pollution problems in Toronto and Beijing.
1,649 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper comparatively examines the urban forms of Toronto and those of Beijing in the People's Republic of China. The paper particularly emphasizes the environmental problem of air pollution in both cities. The paper argues that the primary source of Beijing's air pollution today is the city's antiquated dependency upon coal as the fuel of choice for both personal use as well as for the vast industries situated near the city. The paper then shows how the solutions developed for the air pollution problem in Toronto could be applied to Beijing.
From the Paper
"One study of Beijing residents' views on this issue yielded surprising results. It was found that the citizens of Beijing proper (i.e., the core of the city, and its more built-up areas) were willing to pay a proposed tax for a reduction in the air pollution of Beijing. Interestingly enough, however, the case was very different in the suburban areas of the city, where residents were not as willing to pay for better air quality. It should be noted that there was a socio-economic difference between these two groups, with the urban dwellers being of a higher class and economic status. (Wang et al 196)."
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Air Pollution, 2007.
This paper defines how factory and business owners have the ability to prevent air pollution.
1,320 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that air pollution is caused by particulate matter, sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. The author describes various methods of removing these pollutants from the air. The paper stresses that the government should take action by requiring factories and businesses to have a flare burner, a source for ionizing radiation, the ability to remove sulfur oxides and particulate matter from waste gases, and the ability to change their coal or oil combustions to natural gas combustion. The author concludes that, although it costs a lot of money to prevent air pollution, it may cost more to repair the damages from this pollution.
Table of Contents:
Problem
Solution
Action
Justification
From the Paper
"The first thing people see, in the morning, when they walk outside is the sky or the colored sun. Is this world giving us the privilege of seeing the natural colors of the sun through all the layers of pollution within the air? Not only are beautiful sights such as this hidden behind the pollution this world causes everyday, but an increase in diseases, infections and death occurs. What causes pollution? What can we do to prevent it, and get rid of it? Is it fair to the children of the future to have to suffer the consequences that pollution causes? Why not take care of the problem now? Factory and business owners have the ability to prevent air pollution."
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Air Pollution Law, 2004.
A discussion of current air pollution laws in the United States today.
1,258 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
Even though we cannot see all of them, pollutants in the air create smog and acid rain, cause cancer or other serious health effects, diminish the protective ozone layer in the upper atmosphere, and contribute to the potential for global climate change. This paper argues that, for this reason, it is important to have air pollution laws that are strict and enforceable. This paper describes existing air pollution laws in the United States.
From the Paper
"Each state must develop state implementation plans (SIPs) that describe how each state will do its job under the Clean Air Act. A state implementation plan consists of a collection of the regulations a state will employ to clean up polluted areas. The states must involve the public, through public hearings, in the development of each state implementation plan. At this point, EPA approves the SIP, and if a SIP is not acceptable, EPA can assume the role of enforcing the Clean Air Act in that state. The United States government, through EPA, assists each state by providing scientific research, expert studies, engineering designs and funding to support clean air programs."
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Air Pollution, 2007.
An analysis of the causes and effects of air pollution on the health of fetuses, adult morbidity and international conflict.
1,045 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the problems that air pollution causes and the effects that these problems can have on the rest of society. It looks at how pollution affects the most innocent of victims, namely, fetuses. It then discusses how air pollution contributes illnesses such as cancer and respiratory problems throughout the world, especially in countries that are rapidly industrializing. The paper ends by discussing an often-overlooked social and international effect of pollution - that of numerous wars and international conflicts that have begun over issues of pollution.
Table of Contents:
Effects on Fetal Growth
Effects on Adult Health
Pollution and War
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In addition to low birth weights, studies have also linked pollution to birth defects. Epidemiologists with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) found that women exposed to higher levels of pollutants were more likely to give birth to babies with congenital heart defects. These pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter. The scientists theorized that these pollutants damage a fetus's pulmonary arteries, which connect to the heart and the lungs ("Can Polluted Air Cause Birth Defects?" p. 158)."
"In addition to heart defects, some scientists have also theorized that pollutants could contribute to other physical birth defects as well. A 2002 study conducted in California, for example, linked air pollution to higher instances of lip and palate defects ("Can Polluted Air Cause Birth Defects?" p. 158). These findings are bolstered by the growing incidences of cleft lifts and palates in developing countries, especially those with high pollution rates and lax environmental standards."
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Air Pollution in Mexico City, 2006.
A look at the growing problem of air pollution in Mexico city, its causes, effects and possible solutions.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 129.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the problem of air pollution in Mexico city. The paper covers topics relevant to the problem such as the nature of Mexico city, the condition of the air, health problems associated with air pollution and possible solutions to these problems.
From the Paper
"Urbanization in developing countries can have a number of negative consequences on both the environment and human health. For example, in the article "Air Quality Policy in Developing Countries", Jane Vise Hall argues that air pollution is a major health concern in developing countries. According to Hall between 300,000 to 700,000 people die from the effects of breathing unsafe air. The sources of air pollution in developing countries are a combination of increased motorized vehicle use and the use of coal and other inefficient fuels for cooking and heating."
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Mega-cities and Air Pollution, 2008.
This paper compares Toronto and Seoul's solutions to their problems of air pollution.
1,258 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper examines Toronto and Seoul, South Korea and their air pollution problems as a result of growth and development in their respective countries. The paper explains that the main source of air pollution is cars and trucks. The paper also discusses how Toronto has emphasized public transit as a solution, while the government of Seoul has emphasized new technologies and the development of new methods of public transportation.
Outline:
Introduction
Toronto
Seoul
From the Paper
"The city of Toronto, with a population of 2.4 million people, lies at the heart of the Greater Toronto Area; an urban region with a total population of 4.6 million people. When environmental scientists and geographers discuss environmental questions for Toronto it is often necessary to take into consideration the megacity as a whole for issues of pollution and environmental impact are felt region-wide in such a sprawling urban environment. Indeed, as was noted in the urban cross-section that was conducted which compared and contrasted two urban forms in Toronto, the phenomenon of urban sprawl is a primary characteristic of the urban forms in Toronto. Moreover, transportation infrastructures were identified as key determinants of the urban forms in both the northern Toronto and downtown core areas, with the primary difference being the increased role of public transit in the downtown core."
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