| Papers [1-16] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "IDEOLOGICAL ASSUMPTIONS BRITISH WELFARE REGIME": |
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Ideological Assumptions of the British Welfare Regime -1945 to Present, 2003.
A discussion of how the British welfare regime has been profoundly shaped by ideological assumptions about family, work and nation in British society.
2,219 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 99.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how since the implementation of the modern British welfare state in 1945, the various regimes have been organised around an ideological triangle of family, work and nation. It looks at how this concept draws attention to the way in which welfare policies and practices are the product of a society characterised by normative representations of class, race and gender, which in turn determine the constitution of welfare citizenship. It shows how since 1945, ideological assumptions underpinning the social settlement have altered along with the changing political, economic and social landscape of Britain. It maps these changes, demonstrating the consequences for the development of successive welfare regimes. It also gives a chronological account of the way in which assumptions about class, race and gender influence welfare policy and practice.
From the Paper
"During the immediate post-war years there was a significant labour shortage and so the British government began a deliberate policy of encouraging immigration from Commonwealth countries. The British Nationality Act 1948 enshrined in law the right of Commonwealth citizens and their families to work and settle in Britain. However, many migrants found that despite Commonwealth citizenship, their immediate welfare needs were not being met (Clarke et al, 2001). For example, the eligibility criteria for provision of public housing, with regards to length of residence, served to exclude the newly arrived migrants."
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Western Welfare Regimes, 2003.
A discussion on how western welfare regimes tend to exclude on the basis of different social groups using Germany and Sweden as examples.
2,270 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 20 sources, MLA, AU$ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper analyses how western welfare regimes tend to make a distinction between certain groups within society and how this distinction serves to deny, or at least limit, welfare entitlement for such groups. It examines two specific welfare regimes in order to illustrate these exclusions - those of Germany (pre and post unification) and Sweden. Using Esping Andersen's welfare typologies, those of conservative, liberal and social democratic, it examines welfare and labour market exclusions based on gender and race/ethnicity.
From the Paper
"The West German Guestworker system, introduced in the 1950s, saw an influx of migrant workers, most notably from Turkey, recruited into low paid, low status work. Since benefit entitlements were linked to work, this group enjoyed access to a range of welfare services and benefits. However, the labour market was racially segregated, with West German workers positioned above guestworkers, and given the equivalence principle, both wages and benefits were paid at a much lower level than to German nationals. Thus, guestworkers were particularly susceptible to poverty (Clasen, 1994)."
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Welfare Ideologies Since 1945, 2008.
A portrayal of the developments in welfare ideology and social policy in Britain from the Second World War with specific reference to education.
1,847 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 86.95
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Abstract
The paper assesses the developments of social policy in Britain from the end of World War II, paying particular notice to the issue of education. The paper shows that the education and wider social welfare policies of governments since World War II have been directly effected by ideology and it is the ideological base of the two main political parties that has directed their legislative actions towards education. The paper relates that Conservative rule dismantled the post war consensus on welfare and education. Nonetheless, whether the major political parties have been in convergence or disagreement, their policy maneuvers with regard to education have largely been defined by the ideological stance that they have adopted towards the general issue of welfare. The paper contends that to fully understand British government education policy, we must also understand the ideological frameworks that has guided it.
From the Paper
"During the Second World War the coalition government headed by Winston Churchill was forced to undertake measures that in normal circumstances it would not have done. All aspects of the British war effort had to be directed and managed by the central government in London in order for maximum efficiency and effort to be attained. Although smaller exertions had been adopted by the governments of the First World War, the onset of total war required one thing above all on the part of government; planning (Pelling, 1978; p.22). Wartime planning was wide-ranging and largely successful. It was therefore a logical development that after the war, there would be many who would argue that for such planning in peace."
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Impact of the Welfare Reforms on the Welfare System, 2002.
A paper exploring the relation between poverty and welfare reforms and the research potential of the same in the future.
2,130 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 96.95
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Abstract
The paper studies how society decided that the poor should do something about their situation, they did not need to live on welfare and they should get jobs. Thus, in 1996 a welfare reform was introduced in the U.S. that came under the name of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program, suggesting that the welfare provided to the poor in the nation would be temporary. The behavior of the individuals would be monitored until such a time when they changed their behavior and got jobs to support themselves. This paper studies the predictive impact of the welfare reform that took place on the poor of the urban areas and the associated factors.
From the Paper
"Most of the jobs into which welfare recipients are being pushed, while good enough for teenagers living at home with working parents, are not of much help to heads of households. Thus, not surprisingly, several studies have shown that inner-city residents cannot increase their households' incomes by taking suburban jobs.(6) Of course, a bad job is often better than no job. PRWORA, however, is not a jobs policy: it does not create new jobs. It simply assumes, in the absence of any evidence, that people will find work because they are being forced to do so. This presumption arose, in part, because of the modest success of many micro-level welfare-to-work programs that states have piloted during the past five years.(7)"
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Welfare vs. The Welfare State in Canada, 2002.
This paper covers the development and current state of the welfare system in Canada.
1,625 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 76.95
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Abstract
Using Ben Carniol's "Case Critical: Challenging Social Services in Canada", as well as Larry Jonston's "Politics: An Introduction to the Modern Democratic State," this paper discusses the welfare state in Canada, the development of it and its shrinkage within the past one hundred year. The author shows evidence that the modern welfare state is shrinking in today's society because of the advancement of right wing politics and the decline of Keynesianism as a solution to the problems of the people of Canada.
From the Paper
"It is important to remember that Canada did not invent the welfare state, it was merely adopted during the development of the country. It was the adoption of these welfare state ideals, that has lead Canada to develop things such as free public Health Care, Employment Insurance, public education and welfare itself. Ben Carniol (2000) explains the welfare states creation in the terms of industrial England where it first surfaced in the modern form. The creation of a welfare state began when the capitalistic owners of large factories in England were beginning to become disgruntled by the constant visitation of representatives from the numerous charitable organizations that had formed in the country to help the poor and underprivileged survive in the new society that saw the factory owners compete for profits at the expense of the men who worked for them under sometimes extremely harsh conditions. It was agreed upon that some sort of central organization for the collection of charity from the owners would be necessary to ensure that the money was going to charity and not people who had begun cheating the system in order to make money for themselves."
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Ideology and Identity: An Example of Ideology-In-Action, 2002.
This paper explicates the intricate relationship that ideology has with identity, presenting an example.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 142.95
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Abstract
Ideology is both a belief and a practice. How we identify ourselves in society is intimately related to dominant ideologies. This paper will define "ideology" and it's necessary associate term, "hegemony." An outline of an example for making an argument about the relations between the ideology (the State) and identity in society will be addressed. A brief discussion of the impacts such State-based ideological practices have on social identities will be looked at.
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U.S. Welfare Reform, 2001.
Discusses impact of 1996 legislation on female welfare recipients and their children. Key reform provisions. Characteristics of women on welfare. Weaknesses of the welfare restructuring. Annotated Bibliography.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 174.95
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From the Paper
"With much fanfare, President Bill Clinton signed a welfare reform act in August 1996 that ended the federal government?s 60-year commitment to the provision of financial assistance to the nation?s citizens in need. Essentially, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) handed responsibility over to the state governments, abolished Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) and set new requirements and time limits for welfare recipients.
According to Clinton and proponents of the new welfare law, the elimination of certain welfare programs and the creation of rigid requirements would provide an incentive for the poor to work, instead of relying upon the government?s financial ..."
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The Sociology of Poverty and Welfare, 2005.
A sociological perspective on poverty and welfare, including a sociological definition of poverty, explanations for poverty and welfare, and an evaluation of the explanations.
3,525 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 143.95
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Abstract
The paper researches the sociology of poverty and welfare. The paper identifies the conflict and individualistic and cultural perspectives in poverty and welfare, gives a description of six sociological explanations relating to the two identified perspectives of poverty and welfare, and evaluates three of the sociological explanations. Further, this paper gives a description of at least eight sociological studies of welfare and poverty, with at least four representing the different sociological perspectives, as well as four evaluations of the sociological studies. Finally, this paper provides a description of four main constraints, which could affect the work of sociologists in their study of welfare and poverty.
Statement of Thesis
Review of Literature
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Defining elements in culture are those of language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and material objects that are passed through generation to generation. Further culture can be separated into subgroups of material culture and nonmaterial culture. Components within a culture are inclusive of symbols, gestures, language, values, norms and sanctions, folkways and mores." Those who participate in social research or sociologists place their reliance on three main theoretical frameworks which are symbolic intereactionism which is defined in the focus on languaging and human relationship elements in intimate group settings which gives emphasis to the construction and communication by the individual through use of symbols or micro-analysis. In the thinking of today there is little disagreement that there is not an existence of a definitive in poverty that is "the" end-all in relating the meaning of the existence demonstrating the meaning of poverty. Globalization is new in the theorem arena in relation to reflect on poverty. The studies that are recent in relation to: "globalization, regionalization and their local manifestation in 'globalization' revealed an extraordinary variety of micro-social" causal factors and reasons within the framework of social processes and consequences that are of a broader nature."
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Unwed Mothers Moving from Welfare to Work, 2002.
This paper is a research proposal, including an extensive literature review, which explores the relative importance of non-economic factors in predicting the level of difficulty unwed mothers will experience in moving from welfare to work.
10,210 words (approx. 40.8 pages), 62 sources, APA, AU$ 299.95
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Abstract
This paper is a proposal for a research project that evaluates the non economic factors faced by unwed mothers as they go to work: Personal health limitations, personal mental health problems, health and behavioral problems of dependent children, substance abuse, child welfare, domestic violence, housing instability, inadequate transportation and very low social skills. This paper includes a literature review that covers many areas such as economic issues of mal-distribution and political issues of welfare legislation especially the Welfare-to-Work Partnership. The author plans to collect data through the administration of survey questionnaires to both subjects? case workers and to the subjects themselves. Includes questionnaires.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Introduction to the Proposed Research
Description of the Issue
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Definitions of Major Concepts
Overview of the Study
Review of Literature
Introduction
Conceptual Framework
Relevant Literature
Welfare State Concept
Welfare Reform
Employment and Welfare Reform
Welfare Reform Outcomes
Other Non-Economic Factors and Work
The Conclusions Relevant to the Study
Problem and Statement of Hypotheses
Methodology
Introduction
Research Design
Population and Sample
Data Collection
Instrumentation
Case Workers
Subjects
Subject Confidentiality
Data Analysis
From the Paper
"Past social legislation guaranteed all American citizens entitlements to food, shelter, and other basic necessities. This social contract, which prevented the need for triage, was the foundation of the American state for fifty years. In the name of personal responsibility, welfare reform has destroyed the entitlements of dependent populations. According to the welfare reform scenario, Americans would survive only by taking responsibility for themselves?the shiftless and irresponsible would lose their life-support system and sink or swim on their own."
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Critical Thinking: Assumptions Scenario Presentation, 2005.
A look at the reasons that people make certain assumptions in certain situations and a proposed solution on how to check and validate these assumptions.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper is a critical thinking essay on an assumptions scenario proposed by the instructor. The scenario details the problems that Jeffrey is having at work and his consideration to find new employment. The paper outlines some of the major assumptions that Jeffrey makes in this scenario, proposes how to validate those assumptions, discusses some other alternatives and finally discusses how to check the assumptions that are being made.
From the Paper
"In the scenario in question, Jeffrey is a 40-something manager for a business based out of Chicago. He has become increasingly frustrated with his job, however, primarily because he feels under appreciated. For a number of reasons, Jeffrey believes that his boss gives him no respect at work. As a direct result, Jeffrey has begun to shop around for other employment. He is particularly enamored with a job in California. The interviewer he talked to was especially flattering, a fact that Jeffrey feels will translate to greater regard and recognition. However, what Jeffrey fails to recognize at this point is that his conclusions are based on a number of assumptions that may or may not be true. There are five major assumptions that Jeffrey makes in this scenario that drive his decision-making process and yet which may not be entirely accurate."
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Child Welfare, 2002.
An evaluation of "Temporary Assistance to Needy Families" (TANF) welfare reform package to aid child welfare.
1,155 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the "Temporary Assistance to Needy Families" (TANF) package most often referred to as "welfare," which provides cash assistance and work support for low-income families with children. It discusses the effect of these new economic and social conditions on family reunification and preservation and examines the impact on the poor and needy. It also looks at the role of a child welfare worker and how it is conceivably different in 2001 than it was prior to welfare reform.
From the Paper
"In 2001, cash assistance is no longer an entitlement to low income parents raising children. Cash grants are now time-limited, and parents in need of financial help must meet a number of performance requirements. In the early to mid-1990s, prior to the passage of PRWORA, many states obtained waivers from the federal government that permitted them to put into action reforms to their welfare programs. With these state waivers and changes to the federal laws, the welfare system in the United States has undergone a dramatic alteration."
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Alternative Economic Welfare Indicators, 2008.
Looks at the Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) and the Genuine Progress Indictor (GPI) as alternative indicators of economic welfare.
890 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper points out that the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) does not capture the realistic status of economic welfare because it is mainly based on monetary-related factors. The author relates that the alternative economic welfare indicators, the Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) and the Genuine Progress Indictor (GPI), are interested in the actual utility of the production for improving the quality of life. Thus, these alternative indicators attempt to include non-market goods and services, which yield utility to consumers, and exclude production in dollar terms, which yield no utility or even create negative utility.
From the Paper
"By examining the five basic categories that are included in both indicators, we can see that GDP is more monetary-related based, while the alternative indicators are based on social welfare-related factors. While GDP is based on production, ISEW and GPI are more consumption based because they are thought to be more closely linked to human welfare. Thus, consumption is adjusted up or down to reflect relative changes in income equality or inequality over time."
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Welfare Programs, 2006.
A paper comparing the welfare programs of President Lyndon B. Johnson to present day welfare programs.
2,653 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 24 sources, MLA, AU$ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the welfare programs under former President Johnson's "War on Poverty" to today's politically conservative approach to welfare programs. The paper contends that, while President Johnson's programs were committed to the maximum feasible participation of the poor, today's welfare policies have caused a narrowing rather than an expansion of the citizenship of the poor. The paper concludes by suggesting that the challenge for anti-poverty and labor activists now is to create a coordinated response that harnesses the progressive possibilities of the War on Poverty to contest the disenfranchisement and further impoverishment of poor mothers and their communities.
From the Paper
"For a short time, the War on Poverty expanded the local citizenship. Today, this differs from the disenfranchisement and urban disinvestment of today's policies. Commitment to maximum feasible participation of the poor has disappeared from the welfare policies of the 1980s and 1990s. Emphasis on community action and comprehensive, multiservice, community-based approaches to fighting poverty has receded from public discourse. So have calls for local community control over the assessment of community needs and the design and implementation of antipoverty programs. Contemporary welfare reform shifts control over funds for social support to the individual states, but it does not require or invite the active participation of community residents and welfare recipients in program design, resource allocation, and implementation. However, certain features that were prominent in the Community Action title of the Economic Opportunity Act have gained renewed popularity in the contemporary conservative political climate: namely, community service and decentralization."
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Welfare Reform, Women and Globalization, 2001.
The realities behind government statistics for Welfare Reform.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 124.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the realities behind the remarkable success story of the U.S. Welfare Reforms. The statistics show huge gains in employment and standard of living, but this paper shows that many of the improvements are temporary and not always correct in real terms i.e. U.S. median wage same as it was 27 years ago. Also discussed are race issues, how it is easier for whites to move out of welfare, whilst for ethnic minorities it can be seen as punitive. The paper contains many governmental figures and independent statistics showing alternative realities.
From the paper:
?The Welfare Reform Act of 1996 looks like a smashing success: it has successfully reduced welfare rolls by more than half, and cut the number of welfare recipients from 4.6 million to 2.4 million in 1999. Many welfare recipients have left the system. Instead of receiving cash grants, parents had to learn skill sand enter the labor force. They also faced a five-year lifetime limit for welfare assistance.
"But numbers are never simple. The truth is that few are thriving in this new system. The numbers show success, but if one looks beneath the surface to find out if women have truly become self-sufficient, a different story emerges. In many ways, the welfare reform act is a broken promise. Women have not truly received help to access decent jobs, and have not gained economic independence.?
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The State of Welfare in Canada, 2002.
An overview of the history behind the Canadian welfare state and its current advantages and disadvantages.
2,525 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 136.95
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Abstract
This paper will take a look at the state of welfare in Canada. It will provide an outline of the economic, political, and social conditions that led to the establishment of the welfare state, a look at the present conditions of the welfare state, the pros and cons of the welfare state, and alternatives to government intervention in the economy. In the final analysis it will be clear that the emergence of the welfare state was, in many ways, inspired by the President Roosevelt's 'New Deal' in the US. But whereas the US has veered away from the welfare state to more laissez faire, until very recently Canada's government has maintained an active role in society. Many argue that it has been too active a role, though at other times many have argued that the Canadian model is superior to that of the US. This paper will not offer an opinion on this issue, but will argue that the Canadian welfare state is bankrupt and the government must continue to re-assess its ability to intervene meaningfully in the Canadian economy.
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Welfare Dependency, 2006.
A review of the sociological evidence for and against welfare dependency.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of welfare dependency. Some believe that welfare programs actually facilitate the creation of a welfare culture that becomes dependent on the programs. But how true is this argument? Does the welfare system actually create the conditions of welfare dependency? Is there such a thing as welfare dependency? The paper reviews these questions and the discussions they create.
From the Paper
"For the past several decades, there has been a growing debate over the effectiveness of developing welfare states in the West. In the United States, in particular, the welfare state has been criticized heavily. In fact, despite a history of welfare dating back to the early decades of the Twentieth Century, politics in the United States still fall back on anti-welfare rhetoric. One of the major issues on which the debate has turned is the matter of welfare dependency. Some believe that welfare programs actually facilitate the creation of a welfare culture that becomes dependent on the programs. According to this argument, over time individuals are less able to function without the aid of the state. They become utterly dependent upon welfare "handouts" in order to survive. "
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