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(IBM) International Business Machines, 2002.
This paper traces, in detail, the history of the global giant, IBM, and discusses a strategy for future growth.
2,295 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 18 sources, MLA, AU$ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that IBM started in 1911 as the Tabulating Machine Company, which had the technology for Punch Card Tabulating Machine that used electric current passing through holes in a punched card to keep running totals. The paper states, in 1924, the name was changed to International Business and the company continued to grew because of many acquisition. The author points out that IBM is a company that is strongly influenced by the thinking of its top management and is very good at product development but not so good at marketing the product. The author feels that IBM cannot fight in this market because they are too big and overweight.
From the Paper
"Traditionally, IBM has been a turnkey solution provider, reselling PCs made by others under contract for them. This has always been a conservative company with a tradition of always being on the extreme right side of the law, paternalistic in the approach to employees. It is a good option when things are good for you, but when you are fighting in a highly competitive market can you be that slow? IBM is trapped in a market that is not to its advantage. In 2000, the chief of IBM pledged that restructuring of IBM?s business will lead to more sales of new corporate hardware, but it was a failure in 2000. In the same interview, Gerstner said that its PC division has to be revamped. The company will have to cut costs on commercial desktops; otherwise the company cannot make money on these products. "This week has seen an event that hasn't happened in over a decade -- an IBM profits warning. Ten years ago, Big Blue was sinking fast and it was only the arrival of the now almost legendary Lou Gerstner into the CEO's chair that saved the company. Gerstner was always going to be hard act to follow; he managed to turn around the product oriented behemoth that IBM had become, into the e-business oriented, services giant that we know today.? IBM has revealed that the hard disk business has lost more than $500 million last year, and decided to sell off its business to Hitachi. This is expected to give IBM some $2 billion."
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United Business Machines, 2002.
A business strategy plan for UBM.
1,830 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
The company that is now United Business Machines (UBM) began as part of an independent 1989 alliance of IBM computer distributors from the Middle East who combined forces to create Gulf Business Machines (GBM) EC. The paper shows that with the growth of the internet and the increased competition among stores selling diverse hardware models, UBM was founded in 1995 as a Jordan-specific company. This paper looks at UBM's present and future. With the use of tables, it presents the company's long and short term business goals. The paper discusses UBM's potential market, clientele, banking and finance and other issues such as training.
From the Paper
"IBM products and services are marketed and supported by UBM while drawing on the central resources of IBM Middle East's support and facilities. These include specialized technical maintenance knowledge, education, training and new products? announcements, as well as administrative and promotional services. Furthermore, UBM has a 24 hours, 7 days a week ?on- line? access to the IBM worldwide network of business and support systems. This access privilege ensures customer satisfaction and enables UBM to deliver all the support needed for its customers."
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International Business Machines, 2005.
A corporate profile of the IBM company.
1,314 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a brief description of the products developed and sold by the IBM company and continues with a look at the IT industry in which IBM is involved. It then launches into a corporate profile of IBM, describing its subsidiaries, its management, its mission statement and the products it sells. Additionally, the paper provides equity information about IBM and concludes with facts about the company for potential investors.
Table of Contents
Description of Company
Industry Description
Subsidiaries
Top Management
Mission Statement
Products and Markets
Equity Information
Conclusion
From the Paper
"IBM is often thought of as a computer company. The company is global and provides software, hardware, and all manner of computing products, as well as being involved in IT and other solutions, financing, and global initiatives. The company is based in the U.S. and is known to be a strong industry performer in the often-competitive technology field. "IBM provides information technology services, software, systems, products, financing and technological solutions, technology, and software and global financing. The global unit includes outsourcing contracts with the US Federal Government, consulting contracts and integrated technology services" ("International," 2005). The company is involved primarily in the information technology or IT industry, which is very dynamic."
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The IBM Computer Business, 2005.
This paper is an extensive discussion of the history of the IBM computer business and its future.
7,715 words (approx. 30.9 pages), 22 sources, APA, AU$ 245.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, during the 1960s, IBM entered the computer field with a technological impressiveness 'mini super computer', into a market dominated by Apple Computer Inc. and Tandy Corporation's Radio Shack Division. The author points out that, due to wrong strategic choices, IBM's share in the personal computer market had been eroding until finally, in 2005, IBM had to exit the business by selling out to Lenovo, which is a Chinese company, getting a share of the equity in return. The paper states that today, the most important question in the industry is whether or not the Chinese Lenovo will be able to succeed in the personal computer market in the same way that IBM did years ago.
From the Paper
"In addition, it is facing mounting threats and challenges from the various other competitors in the market, and several analysts have in fact been issuing warnings to the company about this. Gartner has warned that they would be forced to launch a campaign in which significant 'cost cutting' methods would be analyzed and implemented, so that they would be able to face the growing threats from Dell and from IBM, and Lenovo, with some ease. Today, HP is one of the leading manufacturers of IT hardware in the world, and its sales figures show that in the first quarter of the year 2005, it had sales of about $13.5 billions. However, state experts, this may not be sufficient enough for Hewlett Packard to be able to keep up its current position of unchallenged leader, and it may have to step down for its competitors."
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IBM's E-Business, 2004.
An analysis of the e-business unit within the computer corporation, IBM.
3,035 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 16 sources, MLA, AU$ 130.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the concept of e-business on demand has become popular in less than two years. The paper focuses on applications for medium-sized businesses whose requirements include e-services in the area of handling customers, completion of accounting, planning for human resources, and building up customer relationships.
Contents
Abstract
Introduction
Analysis
Summary
From the Paper
"The business on demand started by IBM was being kept on a master server by IBM Global Services. The business was expected to provide very low charges and accounting services could be had by a company for as little as $50 per month. The billing by IBM to the client was to be done quarterly. The price to be charged by IBM is low and depended on the usage by the client. This helped the small and medium sized companies to concentrate on business operations and leave the computer services to IBM. As this stage it is important to define the meaning of medium sized businesses. This is supposed to be businesses which employ between 100 and 1,000 employees. This section of business and industry are also rapidly increasing their usage of Information Technology. They are expected to be incurring an expenditure of $150 billion on this use. IBM is providing them simple solutions for their operations and this is expected to help them in the highly competitive business environment of today."
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IBM and Business and Management Strategies, 2002.
A case study of the history and the strategies used by IBM.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 168.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates IBM and the transition that IBM chose to make in management and business strategies in order to demonstrate how adapting management strategies is the key to success in the modern business environment. This paper is formatted as a case study, in which the history and the strategies used by IBM are investigated.
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IBM Company, 2008.
A discussion of the history of International Business Machines (IBM).
1,065 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of International Business Machines (IBM), one of the oldest technology companies in the world and notes that the company traces its foundations back to 1880. The paper holds that IBM's goals have nearly always been associated with creating better and more efficient ways for businesses to run. IT has been the source of innovation and practice and often applies its own business practices to its development of new innovation. To conclude, the paper posits that IBM will most likely continue to be one of the most sought after brands for technological innovation and the development of new and more efficient ways to serve businesses.
From the Paper
"As the largest corporation of its kind, with both national and international divisions is account management policies are frequently used as a model for the development of innovation for other businesses. It is for this reason that the most fluid understanding of the account management policies of this organization come from its development of new and innovative ways in which to manage the accounts of others, through it software and hardware mix. The newest innovation in account management comes from the development of systems that create real time automated accounting. To see an example of how IBM has developed its own accounting, with the understanding that different locations and divisions manage accounting independently and then collectively according to policy one must look at a description of innovation technology. In short IBM uses its own technology to drive account management policy. IBM has stepped away from annual functions in nearly every way, which has aided the company in innovations that serve its consumer needs."
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IBM, 2002.
A company overview of International Business Machines (IBM).
2,423 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how corporate America plays an integral role in contributing to the global economy and to the stability of the labor force. It provides research on International Business Machines (IBM) through an analysis of three categories; training and developing employees, benefits, and labor relations. It looks at how the company spends well over $750 million each year on training and development, offers its employees several types of benefits including healthcare, retirement, and disability compensation, and how the company provides workers with an open line of communication and various resources.
From the Paper
"The company also provides development programs for management and executives. The managerial development programs that IBM offers includes; basic blue, the role of the manager @ IBM, shades of blue and Edvisor. (Our People) The purpose of basic blue is to aid new managers in creating a good environment for employees. (Our People) The manager @ IBM plan places managers into global teams so that they can solve business problems as a collective unit. (Our People) The shades of blue plan is supposed to aid managers in understanding diversity amongst employees, so that they can manage them effectively. (Our People) Finally, Edvisor is a technology that aids managers in finding out what their weaknesses are and prescribes solutions to strengthen these weaknesses."
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IBM, 2002.
This research paper discusses International Business Machines (IBM) Corporation in detail.
1,965 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a thorough overview of the computer magnate company IBM. The paper is divided into three distinct parts with the corporate history constituting the beginning of the paper followed by the structure of the corporation, its shareholders, officers and the board of directors. The last part before the conclusion provides insider information pertaining to the financial status of International Business Machines Corporation.
From the Paper
"Entrepreneurs set up business ventures and assign people as well as invest heavily in order to reap massive benefits by selling their products and ideas. Where investment, sound financial stability, confidence, technical know-how and other factors play a significant role, it has been observed that working on and building trust is what it takes to establish a reputable name in the industry. Over the years since its inception, International Business Machines also referred to as IBM Corporation has successfully managed to gain the confidence of its consumers and the diverse clientele spread worldwide. However, it took the organization many years of immense work stress and relentless efforts to establish a name that is known for trust and quality that many of its competitors can only wish for. How IBM as corporation emerged and developed into what it is today can be discussed in the following section of this research paper in the light of the corporate history of International Business Machines."
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International Operations and Internalization, 2005.
Considers how international operations affects a company's marketing function.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 13 sources, MLA, AU$ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper considers how international operations affects a company's marketing function, including all four components of the marketing mix. It looks at Porter's model of international strategy and stages of internationalization. The paper provides examples.
From the Paper
"In today's economy companies can no longer be satisfied with serving a single geographic market. This strategy is still effective for some businesses but many companies-including small and medium-sized organizations-have recognized the benefits of expanding their operations to the global market. With the advent of the Internet and the ability to transfer funds across borders seamlessly and with low transaction costs the move toward globalization is no longer limited to only large companies ..."
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Rosenbluth International, 2004.
An analysis of Rosenbluth International, an international travel management company based in Philadelphia.
1,541 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Rosenbluth International, an international travel management company based in Philadelphia. The paper examines the process of quality management and quality assurance that the company has undertaken in order to remain competitive and to continue to keep a leading position by providing high quality service to its travel customers. The paper explains that the process has been introduced in stages and has achieved some momentum, first by developing a training program that taught the rudiments of quality assurance to all employees, and then set out to implement a board of quality advisors to act as facilitators for quality teams formed at each business unit. The paper explores the issue of how to keep the momentum going and to develop even more means of assuring quality and of promoting it throughout the organization, especially as the organization now wants to implement the program internationally to increase the international clientele.
From the Paper
"The travel business has been changing in recent years, creating first anew business model for the field and then altering the traditional competitive environment. The advent of the Internet and the wide use of the personal computer and other computer systems opened the way for a new form of control for the hospitality and travel industries. In the 1990s, the computer constituted the technology with the greatest effect on travel and hospitality around the world. The travel business has been changing with the development and widespread use of advanced computer programs and with increased access to different computer networks. These changes have included the introduction of new services which travelers can access themselves without the need of agents. One of the reasons for this shift is the belief on the part of the consumer that he or she has been paying too much for travel and that there is some hidden expense in the use of a travel agent that can now be avoided. The customer may also desire to become master of his or her own fate to a much greater degree, using self-service machines and computers to shape individual travel plans. As this form of do-it-yourself-travel grew, the question emerged as to whether the mass of travelers really wanted this sort of system and wanted to do the job themselves rather than leaving it to a travel agent. This idea has been examined and has now been tested."
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The Implications of International Law, 2005.
A discussion regarding the need for a validity of international law and the International Court of Justice.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the purpose of international law and the role that the International Court of Justice (ICJ) plays in resolving disputes between nation states. The large increase in the number of cases is favorably as it shows the willingness of states to use the Court to reaffirm their conviction in the legality of their position in a conflict against a stronger opponent.
From the Paper
" For as long as history has been recorded, nation states have joined forces by entering into treaties in an effort to avoid violent conflict and war (i.e. League of Nations and Treaty of Versailles). In previous times, the Catholic Church mediated international disputes (Currie 2003). These agreements were implemented in an effort to prevent brutal crimes against society, somewhat like a rulebook for war. Treaties between nations involve all parties agreeing upon and adopting a set of rules that dictate interaction with one another ranging from battlefield rules to diplomatic protocol, including a framework for resolving contentious issues among states."
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Contemporary International Economy, 2007.
This paper argues that current international institutions are no longer effective in regulating the contemporary international economy.
4,594 words (approx. 18.4 pages), 18 sources, MLA, AU$ 174.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the forces at play in the international community today as they affect the contemporary international economy. The writer then provides a discussion of the current trends affecting international institutions in the 21st century. Further, the writer offers an analysis of the impact these events and trends have had on international institutions. This is followed by a summary of the research and salient findings in the conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Events and Trends Affecting International Institutions in the 21st Century
Impact of Events and Trends on International Institutions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Following World War II, the United States assumed a leadership role in developing new types of international institutions. For example, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) provided for a liberalization of international trade, the Bretton Woods framework created a fixed exchange-rate system (which lasted until 1971), and the International Monetary Fund controlled the flow of credits until the mid- 1970s and once again from the early 1980s thereafter; in addition, these authors note that the EEC institutionalized a free-trade area in the heart of Western Europe at this time. According to Mingst, international institutions are defined as those they are comprised of membership from at least three states, having activities in several states, and whose members are held together by a formal agreement. A coordinating body for international institutions, the Union of International Associations, currently distinguishes between the more than 250 international governmental organizations (IGOs) that have been created by intergovernmental agreements and whose members are states, and the approximately 6,000 nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), whose members are associations or individuals."
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International Mutual Funds, 2004.
This paper discusses investing in various international mutual funds, describes individual funds, and compares international funds to mutual funds in the U.S.
4,925 words (approx. 19.7 pages), 14 sources, MLA, AU$ 182.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that there are four types of international mutual funds: The international funds, which invest only in well-known markets outside the U.S. such as Germany, France, Japan, Hong Kong and Australia; the global funds, which contain mixtures of U.S. and international stocks; the regional funds, which concentrate in geographic areas like Latin America, the Pacific Rim and Europe, with the concentration of these firms in small countries and emerging markets; and the country funds, which concentrate only on one country. The author points out that international funds are useful when it is felt that the U.S. market is not doing so well, and the emerging markets in the foreign countries are expected to perform better than the U.S. market. The paper relates that an important feature of international funds is that they give small investors an opportunity to invest in shares all over the world, an activity that would be very difficult or expensive to pursue on their own and that provides a good opportunity for diversification.
Table of Contents
Mutual Funds, the Dynamic Market
What is a Mutual Fund?
The Choice of International Funds
How Does One Know What the Fund is Doing?
From the Paper
"The aim of any mutual fund is to pool in the money from different investors and put it in a position where it can be managed by professionals. The manager makes the trades, realizes the gain or loss, and collects the income in the form of dividend or interest. The gains or losses are then passed on to the individual investors. The operation of most funds are open-ended, and that means that the investment company is at liberty to issue new shares to investors, and also undertakes to buy back shares from investors who want to leave the fund. There are also close ended funs which issue a fixed number of shares, and only these can be bought or sold by the investors among themselves through a stock exchange. The person who has issued these closed funds is not responsible for redeeming them, so the trading of these has to be only through a broker."
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International Trade, 2005.
This paper argues the pros and cons of international trade and concludes in favor of this trade.
3,185 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 134.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that increased trade between countries does create wealth; however, the rules of the trade game are such that the wealth being generated by increased level of international trade does not reach all sections of the world in a fair manner. The author argues that there is an urgent need for creating a level-playing field for all in international trade so that the benefits reach everyone; organizations such as the WTO and the IMF, which make and oversee trade rules and international monetary policies, must be purged of the pervasive influence of large multi-national corporations and big business. The paper relates that unprecedented development in the communication and information technologies in the last few decades and the eclipse of communism have given a great boost to international trade; international trade leads to prosperity and development but such trade also gives rise to a number of problems such as increasing inequality and rural poverty.
Table of Contents
The Pros and Cons of International Trade
Reasons Why Increased International Trade is Beneficial
Growing International Trade
Pros: Benefits of Increased International Trade
Growth in Countries that Adopted Free-Trade Policies
Example of the United States
Cons: The Disadvantages
Policies Based on Corporate Interests
Removing the Guiding Hand
How International Free Trade Policies Favor Big Corporations
Corporations Exempt from Free Market Discipline
Inequality
Rural Poverty
Trade and Environment
Analysis of the Arguments
What Should Be Done?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The colonialist powers, particularly Britain, had realized the benefits of international trade after its industrial revolution although it is highly debatable whether such trade was beneficial for the colonies as well. In the last two decades, international monetary institutions such as IMF and trade organizations, particularly the Word Trade Organization (WTO) have been at the forefront for promoting free international trade. Unrestricted international trade has been touted as the panacea for all economic ills and an agent of development. The results of international trade have, however, been mixed. While supporters of free trade point to several success stories such as China, others point to the growing inequality, economic shocks such as the Asian Economic Crisis of 1997, and the increasing poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa as "fruits" of increased international trade (also known as globalization)."
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