| Papers [1-11] of 11 | Search results on "HYDRAULIC SOCIETIES": |
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Hydraulic Societies, 2002.
Examining the early Mesopotamia, Egypt, China and India societies.
1,248 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
This analytical research paper examines the rise of four "hydraulic societies",so called due to their dependency on water, of Mesopotamia, Egypt, China and India that existed in the time period 3500 BC to 1000 BC. Furthermore, the paper highlights the history as well as the decline of the aforementioned civilizations popularly referred to as hydraulic societies.
From the Paper
"Many academics and various experts in the related field are of the view that the needs for irrigation of crops gave birth to some of the earliest civilizations of Asia. However, an American historian of the 1950?s by the name of Karl Wittfogel vehemently argued about the reasons for the emergence of these early civilizations that he called "hydraulic societies" (Pearce) in order to illustrate ?the many complex hierarchical societies that developed across Asia? (Pearce). This American historian was of the view that the four hydraulic societies of Mesopotamia, Egypt, China and India, which lived along riversides, came into existence ?specifically in order to organize the large labor forces necessary to create and maintain the water-supply systems for irrigated agriculture? (Pearce). Thus, where crops and land irrigation was the sole reason believed by the scholarly figures, there was a confrontation on the exact cause of emergence of the hydraulic civilizations that whether it was due to the labor-intensive tasks or due to the need to grow crops through the irrigation means or the need to organize people as well as the resources (Pearce)."
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Hydraulic Conductivity, 2005.
A research paper that analyzes hydraulic conductivity.
1,389 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of hydraulic conductivity, how it is measured, and why it is important for transient storage. A review of current issues in hydraulic conductivity is followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
From the Paper
" In 2003, Thomas, Valetta, Webster and Mulholland (2003), reported they had developed the Regression Partitioning Method (RPM) for estimating the proportion of reactive solute uptake occurring within transient storage zones of streams. "The RPM is a technique for analyzing solute addition data in which whole stream uptake (mg m−2 d−1) is determined from the longitudinal pattern in plateau tracer concentrations. At one location, a time series of samples are collected that define the 'rising limb' of the solute breakthrough curve" (Thomas et al. 965). These researcher estimated the y-intercept by regressing a measure of reactive tracer availability (e.g., NO3-15N:Cl ratio) as well as the percentage of tracer that has resided within, and returned from, the transient storage zone (i.e. hyporheic zone), which was then used to predict channel-specific NO3 uptake rates. The uptake within the transient storage zone of stream-derived material was calculated by difference."
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Hydraulic Technology, 2001.
How it functions, design strategies, benefits & uses, applications in various industries.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 11 sources, AU$ 92.95
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From the Paper
"Primitive man used simple machines such as levers, the inclined plane, the pulley, the wedge, the wheel, and axle. It was considerably later that man discovered that it was possible to employ liquids and gasses to exert forces at a distance, leading to the introduction of a complex array of new machines based upon what is now known as fluid mechanics and/or hydraulics (Hydraulic pressure, 1998). A machine that transmits pressure by a liquid is a hydraulic machine, a technique discovered by Pascal, who found that a pressure applied to any part of a confined fluid transmits to every other part with no loss. The pressure acts with equal force on all equal areas of the confining vaults and perpendicular to the walls' in other words, pressure results from the interactions of pipes and cylinders and produces motion of various types (Hydraulic pressure, 1998). While hydraulics are regularly..."
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JCB, 2002.
Discusses the manufacturing and marketing, full-service firm specializing in hydraulic equipment.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 80.95
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Abstract
Discusses the manufacturing and marketing, full-service firm specializing in hydraulic equipment. Examines the expertise and resources a JCB retail dealer needs. Shortage of trained and skilled technicians. Issue of ongoing profitability. Markets. Impact of the retail market and rental chains. Customer service. Importance of communication skills and a proactive sales force.
From the Paper
"Managing for the Future at JCB
JCB, a company created over 50 years ago by Joseph Cyril Bamford, is a manufacturing and marketing firm that specializes in the development and production of hydraulic excavators, materials handlers, wheel loaders, mini-excavators, skid steer and high speed agricultural tractors (About us, 2001). In addition to sales of new and used equipment, JCB also offers its customers service via its franchised and company-owned dealerships, parts replacement, a range of attachments, and financing via leasing, lease purchases with or without options, installment sales contracts, and rentals (The best back-up…, 2001). In brief, JCB is a full service firm with a carefully defined and expanding niche market for state-of-the-art hydraulic equipment."
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Reciprocating Screw Machine, 1993.
An analysis of the principles and techniques of a hydraulic system for injection molding of thermoplastics including advantages and disadvantages. With diagrams.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 115.95
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From the Paper
"Background
Injection molding is a processing technique which converts thermoplastic and thermosetting materials into a variety of products. Approximately 25% of the 13 billion pounds of thermoplastics sold in the United States in 1971 were injection molded (Rubin 1).
Injection molding equipment may be configured in a wide variety of options. Selection of the specific type of equipment is determined by the requirements of the molding job and by the degree of versatility desired. Each type of injection unit and its associated clamping unit has its own specific advantages and limitations. The current trend is toward reciprocating screw and two-stage screw pre-plasticizer equipment (Grandilli 34). This is largely because of increased capacity and versatility when..."
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Blaise Pascal, 2002.
This paper examines the life of French mathematician Blaise Pascal, also a philosopher, writer, physicist,and Christian apologist.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Pascal's study of mathematics and geometry helped lead to the invention of hydraulics, resulting in such modern innovations as the hydraulic press and medical syringe. The author explores Pascal's discoveries on probability, which resulted in gambling methodology and laid the foundation for statistics and insurance analysis. The author concludes that Pascal's growing religious convictions, later in his short life, included an attempt to strengthen traditional faith by applying the rational thought of modern science.
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Purification of Metals, 2006.
An analysis of the purification of metals from ores.
1,757 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 82.95
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Abstract
The paper describes how metals exist in the form of minerals in the earth's crust, a metal ore being a highly concentrated mineral form of the metal. The paper explains how extraction of metals from its ore depends upon the quality of the ore and that the ores obtained from the ground contain unwanted impurities called gangue. The paper discusses the various methods of extracting these impurities from the metal.
Table of Contents:
Concentration
a. Gravity Separation or Hydraulic Washing
b. Froth Flotation
c. Magnetic Separation
d. Chemical Separation
Roasting or Calcination
Reduction of Mineral to the Metal
a. Electrolytic Reduction
b. Chemical Reduction (Smelting)
c. Auto-reduction(Smelting)
Refining
From the Paper
In this method, a Wilfley table is used .It is a sloping table and its top is corrugated or riffled in the direction of the slope. The crushed ore is then placed on the top of this table, which is always kept vibrating. "Then water is made to flow across the table at right angles to the top. The lighter gangue particles are thrown upwards at every jerk and carried across the table by the stream of water, while the heavier ore particles move towards the bottom of the table. Thus separation takes place when the ore reaches the bottom. This method is useful for dense ores like Cassiterite (SnO2).
Hydraulic classifier."
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The California Gold Rush and the Environment, 2008.
This paper explores the environmental impact of the California Gold Rush.
1,190 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 59.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that the Gold Rush was a dark moment in the environmental history of the American West. The paper describes how the Gold Rush resulted in significant ecosystem destruction through deforestation, sedimentation, hydraulic mining and mercury pollution. The paper looks closely at the historical facts of the Gold Rush that indicate how the environment was severely damaged by the mining operations.
From the Paper
"The history of the California Gold Rush is well-documented. What is less clear is the historical study of the lasting environmental impacts that the Gold Rush had on the California region. To be sure, the environmental impact of the Gold Rush would have been severe, if only taken in the context of the incredible demographic changes that took place in the early to mid nineteenth century. With that many people uprooting from eastern locales and making the trek west to make their fortune at the edge of the American frontier, the environment would have been hard-pressed to absorb the shock of that much more stress on the local ecosystems. However, even a cursory examination of contemporary historical work on the subject reveals that the environmental destruction was even more significant than that. The California Gold Rush, it would seem, resulted in a powerfully terrible environmental legacy for the state."
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The Historical Importance of Water, 2007.
An examination of early civilizations and their dependence on water sources.
1,348 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
The paper examines water's importance in the history of the world, which can be clearly seen in early civilizations and their dependence upon the availability and location of water. The paper explores how early societies structured their city life, agricultural practices, sanitary systems, and even politics around their sources and uses of water. The paper further examines how the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, India, Hebrews, and the Phoenicians are all examples of "hydraulic" civilizations to varying degrees. The paper concludes that the importance of water can be clearly seen through the locations and achievements of early civilizations.
From the Paper
"An interesting difference between the hydraulic civilizations of India and the hydraulic civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia is the absence of powerful kings and rulers. Whereas the kings and pharaohs of the other societies oversaw the creation of the hydraulic system and forced labor into the construction and maintenance of it, "it is very difficult to square this hypothesis with what is known about the Indus civilization. There is no evidence of kings, slaves, or forced mobilization of labor" (crystalinks)."
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Lower Limb Amputation, 2005.
This paper discusses the history and biomechanics of lower limb amputation.
11,275 words (approx. 45.1 pages), 48 sources, APA, AU$ 322.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that prosthetic devices were needed the minute the first human was born with a missing or deformed limb, or the first person lost a limb in battle or even during the course of daily life. The author points out that the ancient principles on which prosthetics continue to rely are still amazingly efficient. It explains that in the past 25 years, there have been advances in prosthetic limb technology, such as lightweight plastics, composites and electronic systems; but there will be more, which will continue to open new directions for prosthetics. The paper relates that prostheses for amputations through the hip joint consist of a laminated hip basket, hip joint, knee joint, SACH foot, pipe connectors and external cosmetic finish; an active carbon fiber foot and multi-axis hydraulic and mechanical knee joint may also be used. Charts and illustrations.
Table of Contents
Overview Section
History of Lower Limb Prosthetics
Advancements and the Future
Aetiology and Incidence of Lower Limb Amputation
Pre- and Post-Operative Considerations in Lower Limb Amputation
Types of Surgery
Syme's Amputation
Below Knee Amputation
Above Knee Amputation
Hip Disarticulation
Pain Management
Types of Lower Limb Prosthetic Hardware
Literature Review Section
From the Paper
"Sometimes, especially after recorded history began, the reasons for needed prosthetic devices sounded eerily like some of the major 'hero' stories of today; the young man who cut off his own arm to escape entrapment in a crevice on a lonely mountain is one recent example. A few years ago, a man cut off his own lower leg when he caught it in a bear trap far from home or help. However, in Herodotus' The Histories, dating to 484 BCE, there is a story of a Persian named Hegestratus. Hegistratus was captured by the enemy and imprisoned with a leg iron. To escape, he cut off part of his own foot; later, he is said to have worn a wooden replacement, a prosthesis (University of Iowa Health Care Web site). Another account, however, notes that he used a 'wooden filler' to escape, traveling 30 miles before he was captured and "had his head amputated" (Northwestern University Prosthetics-Orthotics Web site). Not only was there no prosthetic head, Hegistratus did not live long enough to investigate what was available in foot prostheses at the time. While much of this knowledge is based on the verbal record, there was physical evidence of early prostheses. A tomb in Capua, Italy, offered an artificial leg made from copper and wood and dating to 200 BCE. Bombing in World War II destroyed it, however."
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Technology in Bridge Building, 2008.
A brief literature review of the history of technology in bridge building as part of a research proposal.
1,285 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, to completely comprehend the different methods and materials associated with bridge building and to understand the history of technology in this area, one must first grasp the materials used in construction, how they are used and what technology is applied in their use. The paper then explains that the purpose of the research proposed is to provide a better understanding of materials and technology that have been historically utilized in building bridges including elements of hydraulics and drilling. The paper includes two tables.
Table of Contents:
Statement of Thesis
Study Purpose
Significance of Study
Questions of the Research
Methodology
Literature Review
Summary of Literature Reviewed
Recommendation for Further Research
From the Paper
"A great new range of materials has opened up for the use of 20th-century man: refractory metals, light alloys, plastics, and synthetic fibers, for example. Some of these do better, or cheaper, what the older ones did; others have combinations of properties that enable entirely new devices to be made or quite new effects to be achieved. We now employ in industrial processes a majority of the ninety-two elements in the periodic table, which are found in nature, whereas until a century ago, all but 20, if known at all, were curiosities of the chemistry laboratory."
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