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Hunters and Gatherers, 2002.
Why the hunter and gatherer society (foragers) is the best way to live.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper aims to prove why the hunter-gatherer (forager) way of life is beneficial for both modern society and the environment.
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Contemporary Hunter-Gatherers, 2008.
A study of contemporary hunter-gatherers and its implications for the study of hominid ancestors, the ancient Australopithecus.
1,500 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the predominantly vegetarian diets of both the early australopithecines and the present-day peoples of the Australian "out-back" and the African Kalahari. The paper also points out some of the unsettling racial dynamics, which have complicated scholarly investigations into what the comparative diets of these groups say about them and about their position relative to other branches of the human family. The paper then explores the group/social organization, the division of labor within Australopithecine camps and how and to what extent the ancient Australopithecines were food foragers and meat scavengers. The author of the paper relates that, in all of these instances, brief comparisons are drawn between the behavior and characteristics of the ancient Australopethecus and those of modern-day hunter-gatherers. The paper concludes that the similarities between the early hominids and today's aboriginal tribes suggest that we can learn much about the behavior and evolution of the former by studying the latter.
From the Paper
"For their part, it does seem as though the contemporary aboriginal peoples of Australia and the Kalahari of Namibia and Botswana - the two groups that offer the most by way of comparison to the ancient Australopithecus - are not especially enamored with scavenging, either, mostly because meat is not a vital staple of their everyday diet. To wit, The San speakers of the Kalahari have always had a preference for nuts, vegetables and for plant roots - although meat was (and ostensibly still remains) desirable as something of a luxury item."
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Egalitarianism in Hunter-Gatherer Societies, 2002.
A comparative analysis of the question of egalitarianism in hunter-gatherer societies.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 129.95
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Abstract
This paper will examine the question of the egalitarian structure of hunter-gatherer societies from a comparative perspective. It will be argued that variations between the egalitarianism of hunter-gatherer societies, traditionally seen as simply a matter of economics, may also be the result of cultural factors. While peoples of different cultures, in different environments, will necessarily define the division of labour and the distribution of resources in different fashions, the persistent signs of egalitarianism in hunter-gatherers in all regions and historical eras is a puzzle that demands closer study.
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Changing Economic Paradigms, 2006.
An analysis of the difficulties hunters-gatherers face when adapting a sedentary lifestyle and the negative outcomes of such adaptation.
2,566 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 112.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the difficulties that hunters-gatherers face, as they have to change their traditional way of life and adopt sedentary lifestyles in order to survive. The paper discusses this shift in economic paradigms and the negative consequences of it. It specifically discusses the various traditional values and customs of hunter-gatherer life, such as sharing and avoidance of accumulation of wealth that have had to be changed or abandoned.
From the Paper
"Anthropologists have long thought of hunter-gatherers as the last unchanged societies on Earth. For years anthropologists have fought to protect the lifestyles of hunter-gatherers. Today, it is becoming ever clear that this is a losing battle and that hunter-gatherers must change if they are to survive. In many places, the change simply involves adapting new technology. The hunter-gatherers of the Arctic are now using rifles and vehicles to aid in their lifestyle; however African hunter-gatherers face a different problem. Unlike the people of the Arctic, African hunter-gatherers are facing issues of limited space and forced sedintarism. In essence, the African hunter-gatherers must change their entire way of life or they will die out. The goal of this paper is to explore the difficulties that African hunter-gatherers, and indeed all hunter-gatherers face when attempting to shift from hunter-gathering to other economic modes. Before we can accomplish this, it is necessary to distinguish between problems that affect individuals and problems that affect an entire group. We will first exact the difficulties an individual faces when shifting economic paradigms and move towards societal difficulty. We will then explain some difficulties that arise when a group shifts economic paradigms. Finally, we will expound why an economic change occurs at all, given the previously discussed difficulties."
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Egalitarianism across Gender Roles, 2006.
This paper examines the traditional roles of men and women and the division of labor according to gender in prehistoric societies, while focusing on two particular primitive cultures, the hunters and gatherers and the pastoralists.
1,378 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 67.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper analyzes the great differences between the hunter/gatherer societies and that of the acquisitive societies and questions whether or not they are comparable to today's modern society. This paper details the gender roles in hunter/gatherer societies which are distinguished by the fact that each unit of that society performs essentially the same function as any other unit. Men were supposed to be physically stronger than the women and the more rational of the two. This fitted them for work outside the home in the positions of manual laborer or creative thinker while women were envisioned as being physically more delicate and also decidedly more emotional. Society, therefore, placed women within the confines of the home and family. This paper also examines the culture and traditions that were essential to the acquisitive societies, which are very similar today's modern society, in that wealth, prestige and success were the prime determining factor in the relative egalitarianism, or hierarchical qualities found among these cultures.
From the Paper
"Women were best suited to raising children, being good and attentive wives, and on the whole - when they chanced to work outside that environment - to provide functions that were still regarded as "feminine": nurse, teacher, domestic, etc. In general, however, it has always been the belief of serious students of humanity that these gender roles are even more strictly defined among those human societies that have not yet reached the level most would term "civilized." Primitive man, so called, was represented as being even more completely bound by prehistoric tradition. Within these societies, men and women fulfilled the roles handed down to them by ancient archetypes; life being in great measure an endless reenactment of prior conditions."
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Anthropological Egalitarianism.
This paper discusses anthropological egalitarianism across gender roles in hunter/gatherer and pastoralist societies.
1,875 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper uses the Pygmies of Central Africa, the Khoisan Peoples of Southwestern Africa, the Aborigines of Australia, and various peoples, such as the Tiwi who live on islands in the South Seas, as examples of hunter/gatherer and pastoralist societies in which to study anthropological egalitarianism as opposed to egalitarianism in
modern society. The author points out that the proper or improper performance of duties influences the social position of the person and his or her family. The paper relates that there are great differences in the relative egalitarianism of hunter/gatherer and pastoralist societies, which do not ultimately depend on the different ways of earning a living nor on the different social organizations of the two kinds of people; if the acquisition of wealth is limited to certain kinds of occupations or to the acquisition of certain objects, then only those who can perform such tasks or obtain such objects can be considered successful.
From the Paper
"On the whole, hunter/gatherer societies are distinguished by the fact that each unit of that society performs essentially the same function as any other unit. As stated above, the typical unit of that society is the family consisting of men, women, and children. Because of the quality across families, there is really no one family that is ever of higher or lower rank than any other. An individual's usefulness to both his and her family, and to his or her society, is based directly on that individual's ability to perform the functions necessary to survival. So long as one performs these functions adequately, one can be assured of enjoying good relations with one's peers i.e. with everyone else. But to neglect one's duties, is to upset the social order and to invite criticism or even ostracism."
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Bounty Hunters, 2007.
This paper discusses whether bounty hunters have too much power.
974 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the topic of policing and corrections, with a specific focus on bounty hunters. The writer examines whether bounty hunters have too much power. The paper describes bounty hunters as an effective element of the bail bond process and explains that studies show that bounty hunters help keep non-compliant offenders to a minimum. The paper concludes that bounty hunters indeed have powers ordinary citizens do not enjoy, yet they are a vital part of the criminal justice system.
From the Paper
"Many studies indicate the importance of bounty hunters in the bail bond system. Author Reynolds notes, "Only 15 percent of felony defendants released on surety bonds initially failed to appear in court versus failure rates of 26 percent for those released on their own recognizance and 42 percent released on unsecured bonds, according to a 1992 Department of Justice study of the seventy-five largest counties" (Reynolds, 2002, p. 120). In addition, only three percent of suspects are fugitives one year of their release to a bondsman, while over 9 percent remain fugitives if they are released on their own recognizance, and 19 percent remain fugitives if they are released without a security bond (Reynolds, 2002, p. 120). Thus, the bonding process ensures more criminals come to trial, and the bounty hunters are a major reason for this success."
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"Hunters in the Snow", 2002.
A review of the essay "Hunters in the Snow" by Tobias Wolff.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
A review of the essay by Tobias Wolff 'Hunters in the Snow" which provides an analysis of the thesis: "When concentrating on the conversation that takes place between the men the reader realizes that underneath all the friendship there is a cruelness of words that cuts to the deep as the men flaunt the others weaknesses and seem to be ignorant of the effect that the words will have on the emotional state of the other."
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To Survive in a Desert, 2008.
This paper explores the techniques used for survival by hunter-gatherers in an arid climate.
2,687 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 117.95
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Abstract
The paper explores, from an archeological perspective, how a hunter-gatherer society might nourish themselves in a desert. The paper focuses on the traditional lifestyle of the San people who live in the Kalahari desert. The paper describes how the San people have survived on a limited diet of animals and plants that is lacking in nutritional variation.
Outline:
Bushmen of the Kalahari
History of the San
Traditional San Culture
Analyzing Diets from an Archeological Perspective
Conducting An Assessment of the Primitive Diet
From the Paper
"Archeologists spend much time conjecturing about how a certain group of people survived in a particular area. Often, the only clues they have are in the artifacts, or if they are lucky, an intact body. However, it is easy to forget that we have a valuable resource in our search for the hunter-gatherer "secrets" of how to survive in an inhospitable climate. The San, otherwise known as the Basarwa people, live in the Kalahari desert. The Kalahari is a vast desert that stretches over South Africa, Botswana, and Namibia. The San are often referred to as the "Bushmen" of the Kalahari."
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Human Nature as reflected in Tobias Wolff's "Hunters in the Snow", 2002.
An analysis of the book and a detailed look at its composition.
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, AU$ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the novel "Hunters in the Snow" by Tobias Wolff. The author looks at the main themes in the novel and examines the characters and the experiences they undergo.
From the paper:
"In Tobias Wolff?s short story, ?Hunters in the Snow?, the author depicts three men who on the surface appear to be congenial hunting buddies. However, as the story unfolds, it becomes apparent that there is more than friendship in their relationship. There is a simmering resentment of each other that seems to be highlighted amidst the appropriate setting of the cold, bleak winter season. The cavalier attitude of these men and the effect of their words targeted at each others weak points makes for a rather perverse realization that under these men?s simple visages lies a cruel complexity of human nature, which is as frigid as the snow on the ground."
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Hunters Helping the Environment, 2004.
A debate against closing wildlife management areas to sportsmen.
1,724 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that sportsmen are vital for the control of wild animal populations and contribute more to conservation of wild animals than anyone else. The writer brings evidence that because agencies, such as the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA), and federal taxes, such as the Pittman-Robertson Act, endangered species are being protected, and sportsmen are preserving the environment for future generations.
Contents
Introduction
Hunting and Fishing are Positive Ways to Manage Wildlife Populations
Sportsmen Often Contribute More to Conservation than Non-sportsmen
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Due to the evolution of man and the wide availability of food to people in America, hunting is no longer a necessity for life. Man has also developed a sense of caring and compassion for creatures other than themselves. However, due to the expansion of human cities and towns, wild animals are being forced into smaller and smaller areas, which creates competition for food and for space. Thanks to the development of Wildlife Management Areas, or WMA?s, wild animals can roam free and not have to compete for space and food. WMA?s were created because people who didn?t regularly see much wildlife and people who really cared for the wildlife wanted a way to preserve some of the wilderness out of care for the animals and for the enjoyment of other people. Local and state governments usually control WMA?s although there are private plots of land usually owned and controlled by farmers that serve as Wildlife Management Areas as well. Many people argue that since WMA?s are intended to protect the animals, then hunting should not be allowed inside an area designated as a WMA. However, over the last 100 years, it has been proven that some hunting is necessary to maintain healthy populations within the WMA?s. The management areas, overall, are pretty small areas of land. Just like the way that we can only have so many people living in one area before things become competitive and the government has to step in, we must have a way to control the animal populations inside the WMA?s. The most humane way of doing so is by allowing hunters into the WMA?s to take a controlled number of specific animals."
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Complexity in Societies, 2002.
This paper discusses complexity in the "hunter- gatherer" society.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper demonstrates that the term of "hunter- gatherer" can be applied to a specific type of social behavior where prehistoric human beings acquired food through hunting or gathering. The author stresses that complexity is a progressive event among human communities.
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The !kung Bushmen, 1990.
This paper presents an overview of the African hunter-gatherers !Kung Bushmen, commenting on their physical and social environment, population and health, sex roles, childhood, family and marriage, kinship, and division of labor.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, AU$ 69.95
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From the Paper
"There are few true hunter-gatherer societies living in the modern world. One of those societies, the !Kung-San Bushmen of Botswana and southern Africa, provide a unique and provocative look into societal evolution and the behavior of pre-agricultural and industrial societies. The life of the !Kung represents a way of life that was universal for Homo Sapiens until about 10,000 years ago, or with the advent of the agricultural revolution and all it entailed. With the !Kung, modern Anthropologists are able to glean "basic human social forms, language, and human nature.".
This paper will present an overview of the !Kung Bushmen, commenting on their physical and social environment, population and health, sex roles, childhood, family and marriage, kinship, and division of labor. One initial linguistic note: the Bushmen's oral language consists of a number of clicking sounds ... "
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Bergdama and Vedda Cultures, 1983.
This paper examines the Bergdama and Vedda hunter-gatherer societies: the cultures, economies and importance of anthropological research into primitive peoples.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 104.95
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From the Paper
" ... because of research conducted on a worldwide basis, there are three commonly held misconceptions among anthropologists concerning the typical nature of hunter-gatherers:
(1) Hunter-gatherers are typically bilocal; (2) gathering is the most important subsistence activity in hunter-gatherer economies (and the related idea that women contribute more than men to the economy); and (3) hunter-gatherers are typically peaceful.
Research conducted for this ethnology (the systematic comparison of different societies and cultures) proves Ember is correct on all three counts.
The differences and similarities between the Bergdama and Vedda cultures will be used to express how Ember's research ... "
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Gathering Systems Requirements Process, 2006.
A review of the gathering systems requirements process in relation to the system development life cycle (SDLC) in business.
2,079 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a thorough overview of the gathering systems requirements process in relation to the overall systems development process. The paper includes an analysis of the two basic types of system requirements, both technical and business related. The paper also provides an overview of both the technical and business-related unmet needs of external and internal customers.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Overview of the Gathering Systems Requirements Process
Why the Gathering Systems Requirements Phase Is Most Critical
Comparing Business Versus Technical Needs In the Context of the Gathering Systems Requirements Phase
Methodologies for Collecting User Requirements
From the Paper
"Requirements Specification, Validation and Management is also critical in the Gathering System Requirements Process - This is also a very critical task in that the feasibility of the project and its vision must be rigorously and thoroughly defined into product and solution concepts that can be transformed into specific application features and solution sets. The progression of turning requirements into specifications, validating them, and managing the requirements in the context of an overall product line strategy is also very critical. The database or repository of requirements must be continually managed and updated to reflect current user and customer unmet needs, with a strong focus on how to translate them into future product directions."
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"A Gathering of Old Men.", 2008.
An overview of the book "A Gathering of Old Men", by Ernest J. Gaines.
1,477 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the novel "A Gathering of Old Men" by Ernest J. Gaines. Specifically it describes and assesses how the novel depicts the culture that it is portraying. "A Gathering of Old Men" indicates that even in the relatively modern South, hatred and old ideas still exist. Slavery may have ended in the 19th century, but the residual effects of that institution still follow blacks and whites in the South. The historical context of this moving book illustrates that quite clearly.
From the Paper
"Ernest J. Gaines was born on January 15, 1933 on the River Lake Plantation in Louisiana. He worked in the cane fields of the plantation when he was a child, and the setting offers the background for much of his fiction. He says, "Though the places in my stories and novels are imaginary ones, they are based pretty much on the place where I grew up and the surrounding areas where I worked, went to school, and traveled as a child. My characters speak the way people speak in that area" (Bauer). He has written numerous novels and short stories, and almost all of them tell the emotional stories of black people struggling to live in a largely white world, just like this one. He has won numerous awards and recognition for his novels, including a National Endowment for the Arts grant, a Guggenheim fellow, and a John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation fellow (Bauer). He is a professor of English in Lafayette, Louisiana, and he continues to write compelling tales about black life and social issues in his home state."
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