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Human Population and the Environment, 2005.
This paper discusses that human population growth is having a negative impact on the Earth's resources
5,120 words (approx. 20.5 pages), 23 sources, APA, AU$ 187.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that continued high fertility rates and longer lifespans are creating an environmental problem. The author points out that, because of this growth, mankind strips the forests and reduces the natural habitat of the animals in order to make more room for human population expansion and businesses, dumps pollution, and is depleting the natural resources at an alarming rate. The paper concludes that mankind is beginning to explore these problems and is working toward solutions to reduce the strain.
From the Paper
"Overall, the current world population is about 6.4 billion and is expected to reach about 8 billion in the next decade. That is a huge population increase. If we are currently strained over resources, how will we survive with another two billion people? Many say that the rise in human Population is not the effect of fertility, but the result of the inclining life expectancy. There are obviously conflicting viewpoints, which makes the problem harder to control. In wealthier countries, where hunger and health are not issues, people live longer. Life expectancy has continued to increase throughout history. During the Roman Empire, the average life expectancy was 22 years, by the Middle Ages it had risen to 33 years, and then by the middle of the 19th century it had increased to 43 years. In the early 1900s, life expectancies in more developed countries ranged from 35 years to 55 years, and now hover around 75 years."
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Human Population, 2005.
A discussion of the transitions of the human population.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper analyses transitions among epidemiological, fertility and demographics within different regions of the world and with specific consequences, such as natural resources needed for survival for the human population. The paper concentrates on American society and examines its evolution from a society of disorganized individuals with no desire for political organization to become a distinct people. The contribution of human population mechanism behind modernization is defined.
From the Paper
"Before the middle of the eighteen-century Americans had no mere thoughts of themselves as a distinct people. They had no prospect at all to act as one. There was no American government, no particular political organization in which all the colonies joined to administer their common concerns. There was not even a desire for such an organization apart from a few unconventional individuals. America, to the people who lived in it, was still a geographical region, not a casing of minds. As time progress, transformations and transitions exceeded and were analyzed conforming trial and error through human population mechanism behind modernization. In this research paper, I will define the transitions among epidemiological, fertility and demographics within different regions of the world and with specific consequences such as natural resources needed for survival for human population."
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Population Growth and the Environment, 2000.
Provides various perspectives on the population crisis and the problems it imposes on the environment.
700 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 35.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses the effects that human population growth has on the earth and the environment. As population increases, life sustaining resources are often depleted. Paul Ehrlich, Paul Harrison and Julian L. Simon shine significant light of varying perspectives and theoretical insight on these dark and ominous clouds of modern human forecast. The paper examines how, in three very diverse and distinguishable articles, they discuss the effects that population growth, environmental degradation and resource depletion will have on the environment and the future of human subsistence.
From the Paper
"Malthusians and Neo-Malthusians tend to regard environmental degradation as a direct result of human population growth. Ehrlich believes that while human population manifests itself in the form of food shortage and starvation in under-developed countries, it also triggers ?environmental deterioration? in more industrialized nations (Ehrlich 35). Harrison sees a decrease in population growth as the only formidable solution to environmental deterioration. He views humans as naturally destructive, and he feels that a depletion of this naturally negative force will eventually promote a more sound environment. Cornucopians like Julian Simon, however, believe that increased human population will produce more humans capable of solving problems attributed to population expansion. He suggests that humans are not the end, but the means."
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Population and the Environment, 2008.
This paper discusses the ecological impact of species' and humans' population growth.
744 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper describes community interactions between and among species that affects their continued viability. The paper then discusses how human activity and population growth alters global resources and other fundamental ecological elements of the biosphere far beyond the ability of any other species. The paper paints a picture of how humans contribute to the depletion, destruction, erosion and other dramatic changes to the ecological environment that are detrimental to nonhuman species, as well as to future generations of human beings.
Outline:
Population Growth, the Environment, and Community Interactions
The Effects of Human Activity on the Environment
From the Paper
"In principle, the relationship between population size and the environment is very simple and equally direct. Living organisms consume natural resources to provide for their energy needs. The specific mechanism through which they accomplish this vary substantially: some organisms consume other living organisms; some consume only other organisms' waste products, or scavenge their left-over consumables; still others manufacture their energy by synthesizing energy from sunlight and elements occurring naturally in the gaseous atmosphere."
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Population and the Environment, 2000.
A comparison of two articles on the effects of population growth on ecology, human and plant life.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 69.95
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Abstract
The environmental movement has skyrocketed in the past three decades. At the same time, the world has entered into the information age. As a result of these nearly simultaneous events, there are volumes of literature available on the ecological threats humankind must face. There are a myriad of problems that plague the earth's environment, and as many approaches in proposing solutions. One thing is clear in any ecological assessment of the planet though. Human beings have had the greatest, most damaging impact (on an exponential level) to the planet of any species on the planet
From the Paper
"Introduction:
The environmental movement has skyrocketed in the past three decades. At the same time, the world has entered into the information age. As a result of these nearly simultaneous events, there are volumes of literature available on the ecological threats humankind must face. There are a myriad of problems that plague the earth's environment, and as many approaches in proposing solutions. One thing is clear in any ecological assessment of the planet though. Human beings have had the greatest, most damaging impact (on an exponential level) to the planet of any species on the planet.
Much of the knowledge regarding environmental issues has necessarily been based in the scientific arena. In this paper, two articles discussing the negative impact of population growth..."
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Population Growth and the Environment, 2008.
This paper explores how population growth is harming our environment's resources.
1,786 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 83.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the exponential population growth on our planet is depleting our finite resources of land, water and fuel. The paper asserts that we are utilizing these three resources at unsustainable levels, as a result of population growth and human disconnect from the earth.
Outline:
Introduction
Land Depletion, Resources and Sprawl
Population and Water
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The world population has increased exponentially over the last 100 years, as technology and development outstrip the ability of the fragile planet to absorb the massive influx of polluting and needy people. To survive people must have land, water and fuel and yet, upon the earth such elements are finite, unless technology meets the demand for sustainable or human created sources of these elements."
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Population Growth and Harsh Environments, 2002.
How population growth naturally encourages the settling of harsh environments.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 129.95
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Abstract
This paper examines population growth and the pressure to settle harsh environments. It looks at uncontrolled population growth in famished countries, uncontrolled urban expansion, and development and water shortages.
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Human Lifespan, 2006.
This paper is a complete demographic life history analysis of a geographically local human population, to support the hypothesis that, due to medical advancements, mankind is living longer than compared with the 1930s.
995 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, since a cohort analysis of human lifespan is impractical, a static analysis of human lifespan was performed using data collected from local graveyards and obituaries of persons who died from 1930 to 1939 and from 1990 to 2006. The author concludes that, when survivorship curves for each period were plotted against each other, the curve from 1990 to 2006 was greater for nearly every age group; therefore, it can be concluded that the demographic data show an increase in lifespan for both males and females from the 1930s to the present. The paper concludes that decreased mortality rates in the United States are due to advances in preventative medicine, more advanced and targeted treatments of disease, lower incidence of disease due to vaccination and better education. Graphs.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Once over 1366 data points were collected and checked for duplicate data, it was put into Microsoft Excel and the age of each individual was calculated using the formula year of death minus year of birth. The data was then separated into two groups based on the date of death and this was plotted into various graphs to better analyze the results. Two static life tables were constructed, using this data, which contained survivorship (lx), mortality rate (mx), and survival rate (sx) of all the individuals in each group and then another four tables were made by separating male and female data points in each group. Survivorship intervals were spaced from 0 to 0.99 years of age, 1 to 9.99 years, 10 to 19.99 years, and so on until 100 years of age."
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Environment and Native Americans, 2006.
This paper looks at the Native American population with relation to the environment.
1,535 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that American Indians historically, have been the pioneers of environmental protection, even though the true authentic image of Native American environmental ethic has been distorted in the wake of romantic environmentalism. The writer looks at how the American Indians have transformed the North American landscape, but mentions that it was always out of rational response to abundance or scarcity. Further, the writer examines the history of the American Indians as it relates to the environment. In this paper, the writer concludes that individually successful Americans need to consider the fact that their acceptability for the Native Americans is necessary for a secured America of tomorrow.
From the Paper
"Environment at large has been subject to small-scale destruction throughout history and people have always considered it as infinitely durable and usable, the largest part of environmental problems has its origin in the economy developing over four centuries of American existence. This period was characetrized by the growth of industries which resulted in emissions that had a negative bearing on the environment. These developments apply pressure on the earth's resources, the processes of production, use, and disposition of things Post Columbian Americans required for their reproduction and expansion. The indirect effects on the environment were taken for granted as environment was considered elastic. However harking back to the early twentieth century, the efforts of Aldo Leopold towards the conservation of environment Wisconsin River were immense, to this date he is regarded as a great environmentalist, amidst mounting industrialization and technology leaving by-products of pollution and exhaustion of natural resources. Doling out with conservative backlash from the white Americans, American Indians have stood by with grace to work for the preservation and purgation of environment."
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Human Effects on Coral Reefs, 2005.
An introduction to coral reefs, their history, characteristics and the damage caused to them by the human population.
1,342 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the coral reef ecosystem, briefly discussing its history, structural characteristics, and how it benefits humans. The paper then discusses the current status of coral reefs, explaining how almost all the coral reef ecosystems are threatened because of pollution and over fishing. Finally, the paper talks about what is being done to protect the reefs as well as what still needs to be done.
Introduction
Structural Characteristics
Benefits to Humans
Current Status
What Should be Done?
How is the U.S. Government Helping?
How Can We All Help?
From the Paper
"Coral reefs are one of the oldest ecosystems in the world, existing for more than 450 million years. A coral reef is a type of biotic reef that develops in tropical waters. Coral reefs are found in all oceans of the world, generally between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn because the reef-building corals are living in this waters. A water temperature of 20 to 28?C is needed for growth of the coral reef. Massive reef structures are built over thousands of years by tiny coral polyps aided by minute algae called zooxanthellae that live in their tissues, calcifying algae, and other organisms that secrete calcium carbonate and adhesives. The process of reef formation is heavily dependent upon photosynthesis by reef-building organisms. Once formed, the complex, rock-like reef framework provides food and shelter for the multitudes of organisms that inhabit the reef. "
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Overpopulation, 2003.
A discussion on the effects of over-population on the environment.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that one of the most important factors contributing to both poverty and environmental degradation is the rising human population. It explores the links between the human population and the environment. The paper focuses on ways to limit the impact of over population on the environment.
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Human Origins and Evolution: Evidence from the Y-Chromosome?, 2003.
Presents arguments that explain why sequence analysis cannot confidently answer evolutionary questions.
1,354 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 26 sources, APA, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper highlights difficulties with using sequence data to estimate parameters about human ancestral populations, particularly times of speciations (when new species evolved). The Y chromosome has been analyzed to infer various parameters about human ancestral populations and to provide clues as to human origins. The paper argues that the individual properties of this data source combined with a burgeoning list of refutable assumptions make any and all of these results utterly spurious. The paper argues that molecular experts claim that the old and imprecise science of paleontology has been superseded by their far more mathematically precise methods. These experts sideline the fact that all their estimates are fundamentally based on paleontologically acquired data. The paper includes illustrations and table.
From the Paper
"The Y-linked SRY gene triggers mammalian male-determining processes when expressed in the embryonic bipotential gonad. Sex chromosomes are thought to have evolved ~300Mya, probably replacing a mechanism based on gestational ambient temperature. Current opinion is that the Y-chromosomal SRY gene and its X-chromosome homologue (SOX3) are variants diverged from an ancestral non-sex-determining gene. When the ancient SRY-precursor gene gained a dominant and penetrant male-determining function the homologues became sex chromosomes and the process of dramatic degeneration and specialisation of the Y began. Pseudoautosomal regions (PARs) located at the tips of X and Y recombine at high frequency during male meiosis. Consequently, these regions are similar to autosomal sequences in base composition and gene diversity. PARs comprise 5% of the Y and the other 95% makes up the non-recombining region of the Y (NRY). Recombination deficiency of the NRY is thought to result from lack of homology with the X, due to several large inversions. Null mutations accumulate in NRY genes as they are ?sheltered? by X-chromosome homologues."
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The Threat of Over-Population, 2007.
A look at the problem of over-population, focusing on how it presents itself as a threat to the well being of the environment.
2,541 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 112.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how population growth presents one of the largest challenges to the environment of any of the potential problems human beings pose towards nature. It looks at how the problem of over-population presents itself in a variety of different forms such as air pollution, chemical dumping and the greenhouse effect. It argues that we must work together as a global community and as nations individually to promote positive methods of producing responsible population stabilization, and in some cases negative population growth.
Outline:
Introduction
The Problems of Population Growth
Global Solutions for Population Growth
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Population growth must be considered as an exponential increase rather than a linear increase. A liner increase is when a number is added to the previous number to create a larger number. Exponential increase multiplies instead of adding the new number to the previous number. Population growth moves in this pattern because of the natural reproduction of families. In traditional nuclear families with two and a half kids the growth should be about the same. However, if a couple has eight children, which is not totally unreasonable, the population of that family is now four times as large. In this way, population increases geometrically or exponentially. "
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Human Evolution and Closest Relative, 2007.
This paper discusses the evolution of the human and discusses human origins.
2,016 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 18 sources, MLA, AU$ 92.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that evolution is defined as a change in the gene pool of a population from generation to generation by such processes as mutation and natural selection. The writer notes that the topic of human evolution all started when human fossils and remains were discovered from different regions on earth. The writer points out that the availability of new technology even allows the study of the genetic structures of the fossils found, which signifies a more reliable and astonishing breakthrough in defining the start of human evolution. The writer concludes that many of the scientific evidences including that of the anatomical, archaeological and genetic provide a full proof view that modern humans descend from earlier hominid populations or our ape-like ancestors.
From the Paper
"Homo sapiens (about 100,000 years ago) is characterized by large brain size, high forehead, small eyebrow ridges, slender skeleton and upright structure. The Homo sapiens fossil record shows anatomical trends toward decreased bone mass. Their diet was more balanced - it included meat, grains and vegetables. The sapiens' tools were more sophisticated, and incorporated the use of raw materials. Surviving Cro-Magnon artifacts include huts, cave paintings, carvings and antler-tipped spears. The remains of tools suggest that they knew how to make woven clothing (according to a claim by Michael Rappenglueck, of the University of Munich. 2000.). The appearance of Cro-Magnon culture about 40,000 years ago was characterized by fine artwork - beads, ivory carvings, clay figurines, decorated tools and even musical instruments."
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Population Policy in China, 2006.
A look at China's policy on population control and various other Chinese government policies that impinge on human rights and therefore impede greater economic ties between China and the West.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 129.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses population policy in China over the last fifty years with an emphasis on the one child policy instituted in the 1970s that has greatly reduced the growth rate in the population. As China seeks more and more economic ties to the West the policy of reduced family size and at times forced abortions is a public relations problem, much like child labor, prison labor and similar centrally controlled policies that run afoul of human rights.
From the Paper
"Population policies in the People's Republic of China reflect a real concern about population growth and the huge size of the population but are, at the same time, bound with issues of ideology and social control. Certain highly restrictive policies began in the 1970s and were deemed successful at reducing the size of the population, and especially the rural population. As China seeks more and more economic ties to the West, the policy of reduced family size and at times forced abortions is a public relations problem, much like child labor, prison labor, and similar centrally-controlled policies that run afoul of human rights."
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The Human Papilloma Virus, 2008.
An exploration of the etiology of human papilloma virus (HPV) and whom it affects in the general population.
1,511 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 72.95
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Abstract
The paper summarizes three articles on the topic of the human papilloma virus (HPV): "Quadrivalent HPV Recombinant Vaccine (Gardasil) for the Prevention of Cervical Cancer" by Angie L. Goeser, "The Effect of Prophylactic Human Papillomavirus L1 Virus-Like-Particle Vaccine on Risk of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2, Grade 3, and Adenocarcinoma in Situ: A Combined Analysis of four Randomized Clinical Trials" by S. Kjaer M. Lehtinen G. Perez and L. Villa and "Efficacy of a Quadrivalent Prophylactic Human Papillomavirus L1 Virus-Like-Particle Vaccine Against High-Grade Vulval and Vaginal Lesions: A Combined Analysis of Three Randomised Clinical Trials" by Mauricio Hernandez-Avila and Elmar A. Joura, Sepp Leodolter and Cosette M. Wheeler. The paper
discusses the articles' tremendous implications for health care and community health education. The paper then explains that cervical cancer is the second most common cause of cancer and resulting cancer death in women worldwide. The paper explains further that since the yearly Pap smear given to women cannot detect certain types of cancerous cells or lesions, the need for this type of vaccine to prevent HPV-related diseases is sorely needed.
Outline:
Three Literature Reviews:
Article One
Article Two
Article Three
Implications for Health Care and Community Health Education Based on the Studies' Conclusions
From the Paper
"Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been "identified at a higher rate in the tissue of women diagnosed with cervical cancer than among nonaffected controls (citing Salmeron et al, 2003; Balmes, Ritz, & Tager, 2005, p. 245). The disease can cause pathologies including, but not limited to, pain during intercourse, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, genital warts, and penile, anal, cervical, and vulvar carcinoma (Immerman & Mackey, 1997, p. 443; Lytwyn & Sellors, 1997, p. 113). The disease is believed to be sexually transmitted and is the "second most common cause of cancer and cancer death in women worldwide, with 80% of cases occurring in the developing world...95% of cancers of the uterine cervix are caused by certain types of human papillomaviruses" (citing Franco 1994; Lytwyn & Sellors, 1997, p. 113). Although Papanicolaou (Pap) tests have led to the decrease in mortality rates caused by cervical cancer, approximately 230,000 women per year die from the disease worldwide (Kjaer, Lehtinen, Perez, & Villa, et al, 2007, p. 1861)"
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