| Papers [1-16] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS": |
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The Human Papilloma Virus, 2008.
An exploration of the etiology of human papilloma virus (HPV) and whom it affects in the general population.
1,511 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 72.95
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Abstract
The paper summarizes three articles on the topic of the human papilloma virus (HPV): "Quadrivalent HPV Recombinant Vaccine (Gardasil) for the Prevention of Cervical Cancer" by Angie L. Goeser, "The Effect of Prophylactic Human Papillomavirus L1 Virus-Like-Particle Vaccine on Risk of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2, Grade 3, and Adenocarcinoma in Situ: A Combined Analysis of four Randomized Clinical Trials" by S. Kjaer M. Lehtinen G. Perez and L. Villa and "Efficacy of a Quadrivalent Prophylactic Human Papillomavirus L1 Virus-Like-Particle Vaccine Against High-Grade Vulval and Vaginal Lesions: A Combined Analysis of Three Randomised Clinical Trials" by Mauricio Hernandez-Avila and Elmar A. Joura, Sepp Leodolter and Cosette M. Wheeler. The paper
discusses the articles' tremendous implications for health care and community health education. The paper then explains that cervical cancer is the second most common cause of cancer and resulting cancer death in women worldwide. The paper explains further that since the yearly Pap smear given to women cannot detect certain types of cancerous cells or lesions, the need for this type of vaccine to prevent HPV-related diseases is sorely needed.
Outline:
Three Literature Reviews:
Article One
Article Two
Article Three
Implications for Health Care and Community Health Education Based on the Studies' Conclusions
From the Paper
"Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been "identified at a higher rate in the tissue of women diagnosed with cervical cancer than among nonaffected controls (citing Salmeron et al, 2003; Balmes, Ritz, & Tager, 2005, p. 245). The disease can cause pathologies including, but not limited to, pain during intercourse, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, genital warts, and penile, anal, cervical, and vulvar carcinoma (Immerman & Mackey, 1997, p. 443; Lytwyn & Sellors, 1997, p. 113). The disease is believed to be sexually transmitted and is the "second most common cause of cancer and cancer death in women worldwide, with 80% of cases occurring in the developing world...95% of cancers of the uterine cervix are caused by certain types of human papillomaviruses" (citing Franco 1994; Lytwyn & Sellors, 1997, p. 113). Although Papanicolaou (Pap) tests have led to the decrease in mortality rates caused by cervical cancer, approximately 230,000 women per year die from the disease worldwide (Kjaer, Lehtinen, Perez, & Villa, et al, 2007, p. 1861)"
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Human Papilloma Virus, 1994.
This paper describes the human papilloma virus and evaluates the effectiveness of treatments (cryotherapy, CO2-laser vaporization, etc.) for this sexually transmitted infection that causes genital warts and cervical cancer.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 115.95
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From the Paper
"In recent years, the number of individuals presenting with genital human papilloma virus (HPV) infection has increased. Typically, the infection is seen in the young; in particular, it often occurs in persons who have recently become coitally active. Ever since the association of HPV DNA with invasive carcinomas of the cervix, the infections have been the focus of considerable attention. However, despite abundant research into the characteristics of the papilloma virus and the nature of its infection, there still exists a lack of consensus regarding appropriate therapeutic modalities. Currently, a number of possible treatment options may be employed for HPV infection. The differences between these various modalities comprise both technical and procedural dimensions."
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HPV Vaccination, 2007.
A discussion of mandating the quadrivalent human papilloma virus vaccination in Californina specifically for girls.
1,643 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 78.95
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Abstract
This study considers the issue of preventing the quadrivalent human papilloma virus (HPV) through a immunization program of girls in a California school. The population of the study is specifically Latino, and issues surrounding health care in the Latino community are discussed. The efficacy of the vaccination is described as are the methods in which this disease is transferred. The paper also explains the dangers of HPV, giving statistics of the consequences of infection. Methods of prevention, including vaccination, are also highlighted. The paper concludes that further research which include studies to determine the long term efficacy of the vaccination as well as the length of protection it offers is necessary.
Outline
Abstract
Background/Review of Literature
Discussion/Recommendations for Further Study
From the Paper
"According to the Centers for Disease Control, Advisory Committee on Immunization and Practices, Resolution 6/06-2 the administration of the quadrivalent Human Papilloma Virus vaccination is suggested for administration to girls as young as 9 but preferably in the age set of 11-12, and as a catch up vaccination for girls aged 13-18. The vaccination is to be given in three staggered doses with the second dose given 2 months from the first and the third 6 months after the first dose. This is based on the positive research findings of both non-profit research groups and pharmaceutical companies developing preventative HPV vaccinations. This work addresses the validity of mandating this vaccine in Solano County California, upon these age guidelines as a prophylactic measure to decrease the incidence of the specific HPV types (6,11,16,18) associated with the vaccination, namely the Merck vaccination trade name Gardasil. In addition to this informative resolution the California Department of Health Services has obtained the vaccination and has made compatible resolutions to vaccinate girls according to the national recommendations, either through private physicians or through state and local agency immunization programs, (California Vaccines for Children (VFC) Program Providers) such as those found in Solano County."
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Viruses, 2005.
This paper discusses the history of the discovery of the relationship of viruses to disease and the exploration of the use of viruses also to fight disease.
3,510 words (approx. 14.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 143.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, unlike bacteria, viruses do not simply 'graze' on the body but rather invade it, commandeering the cells and turning them into factories for virus production. The author describes the work of Sir Anthony Epstein, a virologist, who discovered that only when cells grow outside the body and away from immune systems can the whole virus particles be seen. The paper relates that, today, in a new technique called viro-therapy, scientists are genetically engineering viruses, which will actually hunt down cancer cells and destroy them.
From the Paper
"Until 1903, heated debates raged over these 'invisible microbes. Then a scientist named Pierre Roux described these microbes as 'filterable viruses' that could not be seen under a light microscope and would not grow on bacterial culture plates. For the next three decades, these viruses were thought of as small bacteria. By 1930, scientists began to gain an understanding of viruses. But, scientists were still puzzled by the viruses' methods of infection and their process of reproduction. In 1938, with the invention of the electron microscope viruses could finally be seen. Finally, the structures and symmetries of viruses could be studied in great detail."
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Computer Viruses, 2002.
An introduction to the basics of computer viruses and how to protect against them.
2,070 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses computer viruses, computer software programs that interfere with the smooth running of a computer?s OS and hardware and are designed to replicate and hide themselves to avoid detection. A virus' main goal is to infect and replicate on as many other systems as possible causing as much damage in the process such as erasing hard disks or deleting vital files that run certain software programs. It presents information that gives users who do not have much experience in this area of network security an introductory overview of what malicious software is and how it works. It examines three main areas of importance, the definition of a virus, types of viruses and virus protection. Trojans and Worms are also covered.
From the Paper
"Viruses are programs and must be executed to become activated. This is done by double clicking on the email attachment or the setup .exe or .com executables for software programs. In one instance as of late the author has seen the W32.Funlove virus spread through a downloaded screensaver for his favorite college football team. The virus was hidden behind the executable and activated when the screen saver was installed. Viruses, in an infected executable file, modifies the original program to point to the virus code and launch that code along with its own. Most of the time the process is to jump to the virus code first, execute it, then go back to the original code."
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Computer Viruses, 2004.
An overview of the definition of computer viruses, their potential threat, and how they can be prevented.
2,382 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper aims to provide useful information about computer viruses. By exploring the different types of computer viruses, the different existing viruses classified in each type, and the damage each virus can do to system data and files, this paper aims to provide the necessary and possible prevention tools and techniques to avoid the risks a computer virus can bring. It provides a well-researched and well-presented report that draws clear conclusions and offers solid recommendations about the ways to handle a virus threat.
Outline
Introduction
Conclusion
Recommendation
Threats to Local Area Networks (LAN)
From the Paper
"A computer virus is among the greatest enemy of computer technology?s globalization. In just a few split of seconds, it can turn our endeavor of automating our diverse activities into a nightmare. This is especially a catastrophe to businesses whose operation at a large percentage depends on computerized data access and retrieval. Globally, computerization is the trend among businesses. Thus, the damage that computer viruses can cause is a global threat and problem to the stabilization and progress of businesses and economy."
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Computer Viruses, 2004.
An overview of different types of computer viruses and their effects on the computer.
855 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the different types of computer viruses, discussing how infection occurs and how they can be eliminated. A brief history of computer viruses and some anti-viral techniques are also explained.
Outline
What is a Computer Virus?
Brief History of Computer Virus
Virus Types
How Infection Occurs
Preventing Infections
Conclusion and Recommendation
From the Paper
"Computer virus is defined as a parasitic computer program that infects another legitimate program, which is sometimes called the ?host.? This program is mainly designed to replicate and to avoid detection. Just like any other program, it must be executed first by loading it from the computer?s memory so that the computer follows the virus?s code. Some of the viruses are harmless and simply trick the computer users into believing that their computers have been infected. Unfortunately, most of the viruses are very malicious and can do big damage to the computer. It can dislocate or change data files, display an annoying message or picture, cause the operating system to malfunction or even erase the entire content of a hard disk."
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The Ultimate Computer Virus, 1999.
An in-depth look at computer viruses.
3,186 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 134.95
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Abstract
This paper is an in-depth look at computer viruses. Topics covered by the author include: What is a virus? Different kinds of viruses, and how viruses can be prevented.
From the Paper
"First, what is a virus? A virus, according to Dr. Solomon's On-Line Guide to Computer Viruses, "is a program that repeats itself". When something repeats itself, it grows. That is the problem, but looking at a virus, one will realize that it is no more than a weed in a garden, a mere nuisance. It can be easily removed. Except it is classified as being a weed in an electrically rooted garden. In a real garden, many people consider a dandelion to be a weed. The gardeners believe that the dandelion can destroy all the other plants in the garden, therefore being a destructive dandelion. The same is true with a computer virus if it isn't caught and "pulled."
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Computer Viruses, 2008.
Looks at computer viruses, which are still one of the biggest problems computer users face.
1,090 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that part of the reason that computer viruses are so prevalent is that many people are not adequately informed about what they are, how they work and what can be done to avoid them. The author points out that the sole purpose of computer viruses is to cause damage to the computer, much like the sole purpose of human viruses is to cause damage to the body. The paper also relates that some people claim that the government needs to combat computer viruses because they can halt the operations of businesses, which slow the economy, and potentially can wreak havoc on the government itself.
Outline:
Introduction
Attention Material
Orienting Material
Central Idea
Computer Viruses Users' Worst Enemy
Do Not Understand
What They Are
How They Work
How to Avoid
Body
What are Computer Viruses?
Maliciously Spread Software Programs
Emails and Infected Files and Disks
Corrupt Hardware, Erase Files, Destroy Computers
How Work?
Self-Reproduction and Mass Transference
"Love Bug"
What can be Done?
Anti-Virus Software
Government Intervention
Be Proactive
Conclusion
Devastating Consequences
Prevent
Clincher
From the Paper
"One of the most famous email viruses - also referred to as worms - is the "Love Bug" virus that began spreading in the first year of the new millennium. People would receive an email with the subject line reading "I Love You" and would open the attached 'love letter' that came with it. Much to their chagrin, the attachment was really a destructive virus that destroyed millions of dollars of computer equipment, not to mention crippling business and personal transactions across the globe."
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The Computer Virus, 2002.
A look at the destruction a computer virus can cause.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the concept of the computer virus, where a virus is the term given to code designed to intentionally invade systems software or computer systems. This paper examines the computer virus with a heavy emphasis on the newer viruses that have manifested in home computers rather than corporate or government systems.
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The West Nile Virus, 2004.
This paper discusses the biology, replication, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the West Nile Virus (WN).
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 14 sources, MLA, AU$ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although the West Nile Virus (WN) has been around since 1937 when it was first discovered in Uganda, the summer of 1999 marks the first introduction in recent history of an Old World flavivirus into the New World. The author points out that mosquitoes are the principal vectors of the West Nile Virus; the virus has been isolated from 43 mosquito species in Africa, Asia, and the United States. The paper states that there is no specific treatment for West Nile virus infection; although, in more severe cases, intensive supportive therapy is indicated, often involving hospitalization, intravenous fluids, airway management, respiratory support (ventilator), prevention of secondary infections (pneumonia, urinary tract, etc.), and good nursing care.
From the Paper
"Studies have shown that the West Nile Virus replicates in a wide variety of cell cultures, including chicken, duck, and mouse embryo cells and continuous cell lines from monkeys, humans, pigs, rodents, amphibians, and insects, but has not caused obvious cytopathology in many cell lines. Although we know glycosaminoglycans play a major role in flavivirus entry, there is evidence that additional host cell surface molecules are necessary for flavivirus entry. Because flaviviruses are transmitted between insect and vertebrate hosts during their natural transmission cycle, it is likely that the cell receptor they utilize is a highly conserved protein. It is known that the virions enter cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis followed by fusion of the viral membrane with the endosomal vesicle membrane releasing the nucleocapsid into the cytoplasm."
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Viruses and Bacteria, 2004.
Describes the structure and function of viruses and bacteria.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the structure, composition and function of viruses and bacteria. The paper also describes a disease caused by a virus and its treatment as well as a virus caused by a bacterium and its treatment. In addition, the paper discusses the development of antibiotic resistance by bacteria.
From the Paper
"Viruses are not composed of cells and cannot metabolize or multiply on their own. They consist of either DNA or RNA in from four to thousands of genes surrounded by a protein coat. Sometimes there is an additional coat surrounding the protein. Viruses can be as small as ribosomes or large enough to be seen under a normal light microscope. The genes of a virus can be composed of single-stranded or double-stranded DNA or RNA and the coat can consists of one..."
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Internet Viruses, 2005.
A review of Internet viruses and how to protect the computer against them.
918 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the Internet, while it is a useful tool, is also much like an open sea with predators lurking in every corner. It looks at how these predators are called computer viruses and how they exist to damage data on your hard drive, delete files, and sometimes even steal personal information about the user. It provides an overview of the different types of viruses, such as boot, program, and script viruses and also discusses anti-virus programs.
From the Paper
"A human virus, when attacking a body, exists only for one purpose. This purpose is to replicate. Once it has successfully attacked a cell (or cells) in the body, it begins to transcript its DNA over and over, creating many copies of itself. These virus copies eventually spread to infect the person. Computer viruses are all manmade. They simply reproduce over and over again, which may seem to be relatively harmless, but even these can crash a computer system. Some viruses are not active until the user starts the infected application. Some viruses become active when your computer is turned on, and stay active until you turn your computer off."
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Computer Viruses, 2006.
This paper provides a quantitative analysis of user profiles and risk factors for contracting computer viruses.
2,467 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 110.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is a quantitative descriptive analysis of computer viruses. Specifically the researcher identifies what key factors identify users at risk for contracting computer viruses and what methods or techniques are best suited for combating increasingly insidious computer viruses in the future. The researcher proposes a pilot study that will facilitate further studies in this field, much larger and much more comprehensive, that will potentially have global implications for preventing computer virus damage to private and corporate users in the future.
Abstract
Introduction To The Problem
Statement of the Problem
Background
Research Questions
Hypothesis
Significance of the Study
Review of the Related Literature and Research
Summary Research
Methodology
Design of the Study
Data Analysis
Population Sample/Research Instrument
Results and Findings
Conclusions/Implications and Recommendations
From the Paper
"In today's society, research suggests that computer viruses are perhaps one of the most prevalent security threats facing individuals, corporations and network computer users. Computer viruses have many abilities, including the ability to completely corrupt or delete data and crash computer systems. The implications of such damage are wide ranging. Computer viruses can corrupt, destroy and eliminate data and damage computer systems. They can debilitate an organization and result in economic and financial loss that is in many cases unrecoverable. For this reason it is vital that computer viruses are better understood, addressed and hopefully prevented."
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Free Virus Protection, 2007.
This paper discusses Robert Vamosi's article; "Anti-virus Software Must Be Free. Here's Why."
831 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 43.95
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Abstract
In "Anti-virus Software Must be Free. Here's Why," Robert Vamosi bemoans the prohibitive cost of the highest quality antiviral software by the major providers. Vamosi decries the poor quality of software by lower-cost companies and portrays how, as a result, millions of computers remain vulnerable to viruses and worms. The paper shows how the ever-changing nature of computer viruses circulating around the Internet means antiviral software is useless without periodic updates. The cost of updating the software is beyond the average person's means. The paper quotes Vamosi's contention that these updates should not cost the consumer who may not realize the damage viruses can cause.
From the Paper
"At present, Microsoft has failed to realize its promise of creating such antiviral protection. Thus, Vamosi's challenge remains to the major antiviral companies, to offer a free version of high-quality antiviral product for desktop PCs specifically targeted at home users. Vamosi suggests initially teasing the customer by offering a free version of the premium software for a trial period to home users. If the customer was satisfied, then the vendor could sell it to the customer at a reasonable price. If the customer decided not to buy, the consumer could continue to use a stripped-down-but-still-functional version of the program. Unlike current free antiviral software, which Vamosi says is of poor quality, the free trial software would have to be good enough to impress the consumer: "I've received many letters from readers who've downloaded a free app only to find it didn't protect them from the latest virus or worm." (Vamosi, 2004)"
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West Nile Virus, 2004.
An overview of the spread, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of the West Nile virus.
2,432 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how, in recent years, every summer, the threat of West Nile (WN) virus has become the scourge of the temperate regions of Europe and North America. It examines how the virus presents a threat to the human and animal populations and how symptoms of WN viral infection range from mild fevers and aches to encephalitis, which can be fatal.
Outline
Introduction and History
Entomology
Virology
Vertebrate Ecology
Symptoms of WN virus
Diagnosis and Reporting
Treatment and Prevention
The Role of the CDC in West Nile Virus
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Most people who are infected with the West Nile virus will not have any type of illness. Only 20% of those infected show signs of infection. The incubation period for the virus after initial entry into the blood stream is between three and fourteen days. These symptoms range from mild to severe Symptoms generally last from three to six days. In cases of severe symptoms where encephalitis and other neurological disorders occur the resulting symptoms?primary and secondary?may last from several weeks to months. In the case of neurological disorders, the effects of the infection might also be permanent. It is estimated that 1 in 150 persons infected with the West Nile virus will develop a more severe form of disease. The mild symptoms include fever, headache, and body aches, occasionally with a skin rash on the trunk of the body and swollen lymph glands."
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