| Papers [1-16] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "HUMAN DIGNITY NAZI ERA": |
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Human Dignity in the Nazi Era, 2005.
A look at the implications for contemporary bioethics arising from the Nazi treatment of human beings.
7,812 words (approx. 31.2 pages), 76 sources, MLA, AU$ 246.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the justification for Nazi programs involving involuntary euthanasia, forced sterilisation, eugenics and human experimentation were strongly influenced by views about human dignity. It looks at how the historical development of these views should be examined today because discussions of human worth and value are integral to medical ethics and bioethics. It discusses how social Darwinism was foremost amongst the philosophies impacting views of human dignity in the decades leading up to Nazi power in Germany and how Charles Darwin's evolutionary theory was quickly applied to human beings and social structure.
Outline
Abstract
Background
Major Influences
Malthusianism
Herbert Spencer
Natural Selection
Hereditary
Eugenics
The Path to Nazi Medicine
Five Beliefs and their Impact on Bioethics
The Nature of Ethics
Human Distinctiveness
Human Gradation
Life Not Worth Living
Survival Of The Fittest
Inherent Human Dignity
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Social Darwinism was foremost amongst the philosophies impacting views of human dignity in the decades leading up to Nazi power in Germany. Charles Darwin's evolutionary theory was quickly applied to human beings and social structure. The term 'survival of the fittest' was coined and seen to be applicable to humans. Belief in the inherent dignity of all humans was rejected by social Darwinists. Influential authors of the day proclaimed that an individual's worth and value were to be determined functionally and materialistically. The popularity of such views ideologically prepared German doctors and nurses to accept Nazi social policies promoting survival of only the fittest humans. A historical survey reveals five general presuppositions that strongly impacted medical ethics in the Nazi era. These same five beliefs are being promoted in different ways in contemporary bioethical discourse. "
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Cloning Human Dignity: Ethical Implications, 2006.
This paper explores the issue of human cloning as ethically permissible.
1,387 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 67.95
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Abstract
The paper examines an article by Elmer-Dewitt that deals with the many misconceptions surrounding the cloning of the first human embryo and Putnam and Harris' essays that directly treat the moral conceptualization of human dignity with relation to cloning. The paper provides evidence to show that clones will develop individually, not only cognitively but also physically, into unique individuals that do not threaten the diversity of society and avoid the nightmare scenarios of carbon-copy humans. The paper explains that what will follow such research is an increased ability to screen out those traits that are universally undesired by perspective parents, such as the defects and diseases that impinge upon the quality of life for all humans.
From the Paper
"This essay intends to focus solely upon the issue of human cloning as ethically permissible. The larger question of whether or not to clone and/or genetically manipulate other species of plants and animals is rendered largely moot due to the proliferation of such practices. Genetically modified foodstuffs and the cloning of animals within the realm of scientific experimentation is commonplace, with "Dolly" the sheep standing as the first and most famous example. Since then, dogs and wolves have been added to the list of successfully cloned animals, though significant health problems in the cloned individuals render such endeavors far from perfected. At this point and time, human embryos have been cloned, but are not viable past a few cell divisions, placing the potentiality of human cloning into the realm of the probable, and as Elmer-Dewitt notes, "[t]he time to discuss whether [human cloning] is right or wrong is before it has been put to use, not after"."
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Human Nature on the Battlefield: Man or Monster?, 2003.
An analysis of warfare as it relates to concepts of morality, human dignity and justice.
2,281 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper is a critical and historiographical examination of the nature of warfare and the natures of the men who wage it. It analyzes the fundamental moral prohibitions against warfare and violence and the circumstances and situations in which the human responses of sympathy and morality can be broken down. It looks at how philosophers and scholars have long debated the fundamental tenets of human nature and how some, including Thomas Hobbes, argue that man is naturally barbaric and that social constraints are necessary to restrain these violent tendencies. Others, such as Immanuel Kant, contend that man is inherently benevolent and that the group dynamics of society should seek to harness these altruistic forces.
From the Paper
"However, certain factors can overwhelm and neutralize these moral responses, thereby effecting a fundamental transformation of the people involved in the acts of violence. War often results from the manifestation of the destructive, cruel, and violent tendencies that coexist within all humans along with the restraining forces of sympathy, compassion, and respect. Glover maintains that the moral resources typically restrain the savage impulses of humankind, but when these moral resources collapse in the midst of war, barbarism and cruelty rise to the foreground. In his descriptions of various instances of torture and cruelty in times of war, Glover makes a compelling case for the perverse appeal of such cruelty for many people, particularly emotionally stunted males seeking to buoy their self-confidence through the assertion of their power over weaker creatures."
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Human Rights, 2002.
An essay on Shashi Tharoor's defense of legislation preserving human rights.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
This essay examines Shashi Tharoor's article "Are Human Rights Universal?", arguing that Tharoor's commitment to universal human rights legislation does not necessarily protect the human dignity of unfairly treated individuals.
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The Ethical Implications of Human Cloning, 2004.
A consideration of the ethical implications of human cloning and the legal steps, if any, which should be taken to regulate this area of scientific development.
4,538 words (approx. 18.2 pages), 28 sources, APA, AU$ 172.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the ethical implications surrounding reproductive and therapeutic cloning, including issues such as the right to an open future, commodification of children, the risk of psychological harm to the clone, the right to indiviudality and the "Kantian Ends and Means Dictum". It shows that although many moral objections to cloning can be theoretically rebutted, by adopting an approach which views the welfare of the resultant clone as the paramount consideration in the cloning debate, it is concluded that such a practice should never be allowed. It also considers the current legal regulation of cloning and concludes that the status quo should be maintained.
Outline
Introduction
Reproductive Cloning
Current Situation
Procreative Autonomy
Safety Implications
Intrinsic Sense of Immorality
Individuality
The Right to an Open Future
Commodification
Psychological Harm
Human Dignity and the Kantian ?Ends and Means? Dictum
Fear of Eugenics
Therapeutic Cloning
The Moral Status of the Embryo
The ?Slippery Slope? Argument
Should Therapeutic Cloning be Permissible?
Legal Regulation of Cloning
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One of the central tenets of the cloning debate is whether a person has the right, as articulated by Dworkin, to ?procreative autonomy?. He defines this as a right to control one?s own role in procreation unless the state has a compelling reason for denying them that control. Following from this, Harris contends that ?genetic imperative? is a fundamental aspect of the right to procreative autonomy and since society grants the legitimacy of genetic aspirations in so many cases and indeed the use of advanced technology to meet such desires, only compelling and serious reasons could deny people such wishes in the case of cloning. Although Dworkin and Harris assert that there is insufficient evidence of harm to justify interfering with this freedom of an individual, a consideration of the following ethical issues will demonstrate that what is at stake if cloning is permitted outweighs the right of an individual to procreative freedom."
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"Between Dignity and Despair", 2002.
A review of Marion Kaplan's book "Between Dignity and Despair", describing the plight of Jews in Nazi Germany.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper describes and analyzes the psychology and circumstances of the German Jews during and before the Holocaust as explained by Marion Kaplan in her book "Between Dignity and Despair".
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Oregon?s Death with Dignity Act, 2004.
This paper discusses the Oregon?s Death with Dignity Act and asks if physician-assisted death is death with dignity or assisting in a crime.
2,230 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 101.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the only successful legalization of physician-assisted suicide in the U.S.A., the Oregon law called the Death with Dignity Act, passed in 1994 by a voter referendum and hung up in court for three years before another voter referendum to repeal the law was defeated in November 1997, and it became legal. The author explains that personal experiences with dying family members led her to believe that terminally-ill patients should have the right to die as they wish, and physicians should have an important role in that decision. The paper relates that the public?s support for assisted suicide or physician-assisted suicide has increased over the past 50 years; today 72% of the population supports this issue.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Overview of the Law
Supporting Arguments
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The law also requires the prescribing physician to report all requests for medication to the Oregon Department of Human Services. In addition, in 1999, the Oregon Legislature added a requirement that pharmacists must be informed of the prescribed medication?s ultimate use. Physicians and patients that follow the above requirements are protected from criminal prosecution under the law. In addition, choosing physician-assisted suicide will not affect the status of a patient?s health or life insurance policies. There is no obligation for physicians and health care systems to participate in the law."
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Human Cloning, 2004.
An overview of the ethical factors surrounding the issue of human cloning.
2,838 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 123.95
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Abstract
As with most ethical debates, the argument regarding cloning stems from the fact that it is not completely bad, nor is it completely good. In fact, for many scientists, the cloning of human beings was not a motivating factor. It was the possibility of good things that cloning could bring that was foremost in most scientists? minds. This paper examines the arguments for and against human cloning, using several sources as references for these views, including Bill McKibben's "Enough" and Gilbert Meilaender's essay, ?Human Cloning Would Violate the Dignity of Children?.
From the Paper
"Many individuals have considered what cloning would mean to society as a whole. Cardinal John O?Connor believes that cloning also risks changing society in ways we cannot imagine. What we think and how we feel about one another hinges on the results of cloning. O?Connor has clear objections to human cloning, noting it is a ?drastic invasion of human parenthood? (O?Connor 10). He feels that cloning is a deliberate act that creates children without parents and is therefore disrespectful not only to human dignity but to marriage as well. O?Connor demonstrates that during history, the ?Judeo-Christian tradition has respected the divine design of life-giving love.? In his view, cloning replaces the ?personal, unitive, two-in-one flesh dimension of life-giving material love? (10) with ?technological replication? (10)."
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Human Cloning, 2004.
A brief literature review of both sides of the human cloning debate.
827 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how human cloning has always stirred healthy debate and how philosophical theories regarding the issue of cloning range from the technological to the ethical. The value of human life is also juxtaposed with the benefits to those who are suffering. It looks at how some view cloning as an inevitable process that is bound to occur as society forges ahead into the next age of medical discovery, while others see the act of human cloning as a slippery slope that will lead to cloning for spare parts, thus removing the dignity of life itself.
From the Paper
"When we consider these varying views, we discover that many philosophical viewpoints revolve around the issue of values. In other words, cloning devalues life because it degrades others as a means to our ends. John Kilner, in his essay, ?Human Cloning Would Violate Christian Ethics,? staunchly believes, ?human cloning will cause the deaths of human beings?(Kilner 13). In short, the act of cloning, whether or not it saves live, devalues life itself. He asserts that because cloning is not yet a perfect science, many human embryos would be lost and therefore, the ?cost is unacceptably high? (14). He grounds his argument on the ?277 failed attempts? (14) that took place before Dolly was cloned successfully."
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"Beyond Freedom and Dignity", 2007.
A discussion of B.F. Skinner's controversial book, "Beyond Freedom and Dignity."
1,672 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 79.95
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Abstract
The paper describes how in 1971, Skinner wrote "Beyond Freedom and Dignity" as an answer to the problems of the modern world, including crime, poverty, violence, pollution and overpopulation. Skinner argues that the classic theories of freedom and dignity are outdated and no longer apply to the "modern scientific understanding of man." Skinner asserts that humans are essentially animals that could be controlled by using his previously discovered and published observations about the domination of animals. The paper stresses that "Beyond Freedom and Dignity" goes far beyond psychology and enters into sociology, philosophy and politics. The paper contends that if viewed within these parameters, it is a work of value for generations to come.
Outline:
Abstract
A Synopsis of "Beyond Freedom and Dignity"
Skinner's Concept of "Freedom"
Skinner's Concept of "Dignity"
Conclusions
From the Paper
"A most interesting theory that Skinner puts forth in the book is the idea that, based upon his earlier research into animal motivation and control, that humans are essentially animals that could be controlled by using his previously discovered and published observations about the domination of animals through motivation and deprivation, subject to the same laws of stimulus-response that he observed in his "rat boxes", or what has come to be known as "Skinner Boxes" in psychological circles (Todd & Morris, 1995) . In the book, Skinner denies the existence of a "human mind", personal responsibility and any type of "inner personality" (Skinner, 1971). To him, free will, thoughts, and emotions only "seem" to exist."
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The Meaning of Human Rights, 2004.
Examines the various aspects concerning the topic of human rights.
1,189 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of human rights in terms of one's right to dignity, one's right to equal protection and opportunity, and one's right to die. The paper attempts to demonstrate that human rights should and must be considered from an objective perspective and cannot be defined subjectively or within the cultural norms of a given society.
From the Paper
"Human rights are important because they serve to achieve a certain level of human dignity. But what does one mean by the term human rights? Human beings have an inherent value simply by virtue of being human. One generally treats something of value with respect and holds it in esteem. Simply, human rights dictate a basic treatment to which every human has the right. Dignity is the outward emanation of self-pride, self- love, and self-regard. It bespeaks a consideration of place in the universe. Dignity involves one?s views of right and wrong relative to one?s actions and the actions of others. Human rights help a person achieve a certain level of self-value. Human rights and dignity go hand in hand."
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Human Rights, 2003.
Offers contrasting positions.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 1 source, AU$ 92.95
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Abstract
Discusses the universality of rights and dignity of human beings and human rights as an item of contemporary Western and capitalist ideology. The paper is based on essays in the book, "Human Rights: Concepts, Contests, Contingencies".
From the Paper
"Human rights are inherently universal, based on the dignity of human beings, and binding on all governments or other exercisers of authority at all times. Alternatively, "human rights" is an item of contemporary..."
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Oregon Death with Dignity Act, 2007.
This paper discusses the Oregon Death with Dignity Act.
1,494 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper details recent legislation on assisted suicide known as the Oregon Death with Dignity Act. David Gil's Policy Analysis Framework is used to analyze the new law. According to Gil's analysis, the "objective" of Oregon's Death with Dignity Act is to settle the dispute as to what the desires of an incapacitated person really are. The author concludes that as a result of the enactment of this law, the number of physician-assisted suicides will continue to grow, and disability supporters will protest and try to bring awareness to the general public.
From the Paper
"The danger of defining "terminal" with time limits or definitions of illness is that these limits may be defined differently by different doctors. In the Netherlands "terminal" is simply "concrete expectancy of death" and time limits and definitions of "terminal illness" have been fastidiously avoided, to protect both the ill and their physicians when a terminal illness or mental state cannot be judged within these limits. Patients may suffer long past the six months that the doctor assumes is remaining for the patient. (Marker, 2006) In Oregon, the legal interpretation of "terminal disease" is "an incurable and irreversible disease that has been medically confirmed and will, within reasonable medical judgment, produce death within six months." [1995 c.3 s.1.01; 1999 c.423 s.1] (Definitions, 12)"
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Oregon Death with Dignity Act, 2008.
An examination of the Oregon Death with Dignity Act and its benefits to health care in the United States.
1,242 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Oregon's "right to die" legislation - its Death with Dignity Act. The paper discusses the strain on health care in the United States and then argues that allowing a patient to die of his/her own volition is a better use of health care facilities than taking heroic measures to prolong life, regardless how painful, demeaning or without purpose.
From the Paper
"Lost in the debate about Oregon's "right to die" legislation is that the State of Oregon also embarked on a thorough analysis of healthcare rationing. The state disallowed a number of categories of medical treatment, and cut back on a number of other such methods, in order to free up resources to focus on the sicker patients. The overall goal was to support procedures and the use of resources in such a way that healthcare was enhanced. The right-to-die legislation was part and parcel of this overall effort. Those backing the legislation in the State understood that heroic expenditures at the end of life were not only futile, but they diverted scarce resources from other areas where the patients could be better-helped."
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Oregon's Death with Dignity Act, 2006.
Describes Oregon's Death with Dignity law.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the contents of Oregon's Death with Dignity law, the pros and cons of the statutes, and the potential impact of the law on the American health system. The paper includes the chronology of the law and efforts to repeal it.
From the Paper
"Oregon's Death with Dignity Act passed into law via a voter referendum in legalized physician-assisted suicide in cases in which an individual diagnosed as terminally ill seeks assistance in terminating his or her ..."
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Dignity and Privacy for the Elderly, 2007.
A literature review of issues related to dignity and privacy in the care of elderly patients.
2,070 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews various articles that discuss the issues of dignity and privacy for the elderly. It discusses interactions between elderly patients in care facilities, as well as the relationships between the elderly patients and the caregivers and health professionals. The paper then describes the consequences of negative experiences by elderly patients and possible solutions to the problems.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Suggestions, Reflections and Implications
Rationale of the Choice of Topic
From the Paper
"This source says that a Federal study affirmed the importance of assisted-living in delivering a "high degree of consistency" in the key areas of privacy and autonomy for senior patients. The national study was conducted by the US Department of Health and Human Services, focusing on residents and staff and the aspects of high service and high privacy. Specifically, it addressed assisted-living philosophy, services, staffing, cost and the residents' ability to age in place or substitute assisted-living for nursing home care. They expressed high satisfaction towards the staff for the show of dignity and respect, caring and affection. However, half of them observed an inadequacy of staff. In response, the Assisted-Living Federation of America or ALFA increased and made available a pool of available workers, courses for caregivers and recommendations. The trend indicated that more people enjoyed working with older people and that proper training would enhance employee commitment and recruitment itself."
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