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Human Development Stage Theories, 2002.
Examines how theories on human development are applied to the psychology of human behaviour.
2,212 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 99.95
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Abstract
The stage theories are important tools in understanding the psychology of human development and they offer reasonably simple explanations of human behavior. The question that arises is how accurate a theory that is based on characterizing human behavior in general can be when applied to one particular person. This consideration is investigated in the paper by exploring one individual and how stage theories can be applied. The person chosen is a young adult who owns his own home, is married and is planning to have children in a few years. He has graduated from college, is working and is studying towards gaining a masters degree. This individual's development is considered by looking at three stage theories and how each of these apply to his life. The first stage theory is the social development theory of Erikson. The second is the cognitive development theory of Piaget and third is the moral development theory of Kohlberg.
From the Paper
"The next stage theory to be considered is Piaget's. While Erikson's focused on social development, Piaget focuses on cognitive development. Piaget's theory involves four stages an individual develops through from birth to adulthood, with the individual developing new skills at each stage. These stages are sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. The sensorimotor period occurs from birth to age two. In this stage, infants "learn about their world through their senses and motor behavior? (Seamon & Kenrick 1994, p. 368). The preoperational period occurs between ages two and seven. This stage is defined by the individual's lack of ability to think logically. The concrete operational period occurs between ages seven and twelve. This stage is defined by the individual's ability to think logically. At this stage the individual is able to think about concrete problems, but not rational ones."
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Human Development Theories, 2007.
This paper offers an analysis of the various theories regarding human development.
1,559 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 75.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the benefits of school counselors being familiar with the developmental theories. The paper explains that reviewing existing theories can help counselors better understand normal growth and development and gain insight into what individuals need to do to reach fulfillment in their lives. The paper highlights some classical ideas from the developmental literature and presents contemporary ideas relating to concerns of individuals in the 21st century. The major developmentalists reviewed are Arnold Gesell, Jean Piaget, Lawrence Kohlberg and Erik Erikson. The paper discusses how the classic developmental theories have been both praised and criticized, yet the basic tenets of these theories still provide the basis for many assumptions in counseling.
From the Paper
"Counselors are concerned with how people think, because problem solving, decision-making and other interventions are governed by an individual's thinking. Jean Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory focuses on how individuals think and how the thinking process is unique at different developmental stages. Piaget describes the thinking process of four developmental stages; the Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years of age); Preoperational (2 to 7 years of age); Concrete Operations (7 to 11 years of age); and Formal Operations (11 years to adulthood). Each of these stages is characterized by unique ways of thinking and therefore determines how adults interact with others. The preoperational, concrete and formal stages are important concerns for counselors."
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Human Development Theories, 2006.
A discussion regarding the nature versus nurture argument, focusing on the theories of Piaget, Erickson and Vygotsky.
3,484 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 143.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of nature versus nurture and its eventual impact on education. The paper usess the works and theories of Jean Piaget, Eric Erickson and Lev Vygotsky to compare and contrast the theories of nature and nurture as they relate to human development.
Outline:
Introduction
Nature Versus Nurture
Jean Piaget
Eric Erickson
Lev Vygotsky
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Nurture is the argument that the way one is raised and the things that one becomes exposed to environmentally has a major impact on the end result regarding the type of child and adult that person becomes. This has been an age old argument in courtrooms across the nation as well. When a defendant is accused of heinous crimes and the jury finds out that the defendant was beaten, sexually abused and tortured by his mother and father his entire life, the defense attorney hopes that the dysfunctional nurturing the defendant received will play on the jurors' sympathy and have them be less harsh in the punishment of that defendant. In the great debate of nature versus nurture experts work to uncover the stages of human brain development and cognition for the purpose of showing what caused the development to take shape the way that it did. This is a crucial element in the discussions about personality traits, work traits, education and other aspects of life that not only touch the life of the individual but of everyone that person interacts with along the way. "
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Human Development and Education Theory, 2004.
A look at the developmental stages in applied education theory.
1,011 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how behavioral psychologists and developmental theorists have traditionally categorized various periods of childhood and adolescence that correspond to very specific stages of cognitive and emotional development. It shows that while various experts differ widely in their characterization and analysis of the human developmental stages, modern educators recognize the importance of certain elements of behavioral and emotional development as equally important to early education as age-related cognitive stages of purely intellectual growth.
From the Paper
"Traditional primary and secondary education programs are based on teaching methods and concepts designed in the nineteenth century and earlier. While the academic curricula expanded considerably during the course of the last hundred years? of American education, many of the methods still relied upon by modern educators mirror the principles designed primarily just to teach elementary reading and writing skills, which was the main (if not the sole) focus of the early education even well into the twentieth century. Consequently, they are hardly suited to incorporate principles of students? social and emotional well-being, nor do they necessarily promote or inspire independent or creative thinking abilities beyond rote memorization."
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Theories of Human Development, 2008.
This paper explains eight different theories of human development.
957 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 15 sources, APA, AU$ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the main theories of human development, including environmental versus epigenetic theories, Freud's psychoanalytic theory, Watson's behaviorist theory and Skinner's classical conditioning theory. The paper also examines Bandura's social learning theory, Piaget's cognitive theory, Maslow's concept of humanism and Kohlberg's seven stages of moral development.
Outline:
Introduction
Environmental versus Epigenetic Theories
Psychoanalytic Theory
Behaviorist Theory (Watson)
Classical Conditioning
Social Learning Theory
Cognitive Theory
Humanism
Stages of Moral Development
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There has always been a substantial disagreement between 'nature versus nurture.' Epigenetic theories assume that the human is primarily influenced in his/her development by genetic factors (Ojiem, 2006), while environmental theorists emphasize the influence of environmental--'nurture'--as the primary influence on development.
"Most recent works have cited the combination of the two (Groduitskii, 2001) as providing an influence on overall development."
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Psychological Theories of Human Development, 2008.
An analysis of the psychoanalytic, learning, humanistic, cognitive and ethological theories of human development.
1,853 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses some of the main theories of human development that focus on cognitive development, environmental influences and a combination of the two. It looks at theories that include psychoanalytic, learning, humanistic, cognitive and ethological. The paper focuses on the theory that best aligns with the writer's own approach to teaching - Albert Bandura's theory of learning and social cognition.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Psychoanalytic Theory
Learning Theory
Humanistic Theory
Cognitive Theory
Ethological Theory
Theorist who's Beliefs Align with My Approach to Teaching
How this Theory Directly Applies and Relates to the Classroom
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work of Albert Bandura has emphasized the role of environmental influences in shaping behavior patterns so much so that he has laid the responsibility for creating positive environments for child development directly at the feet of parents, teachers, and other caregivers. The principles of social learning through modeling and reinforcement have also made adults, especially teachers, very aware of the role they play in modeling behaviors for children. During the school year, school age children spend more hours at school than at home, therefore, the behavior of their teachers is extremely important in relation to social learning and behavior modeling. Additionally, Bandura's view that individuals have partial control over the environment around them by their reaction to it has great implications for the classroom. It can be surmised that when children feel comfortable and at ease in the classroom they will excel. Especially if these children do not feel powerless, but instead feel as though they have some control, however minor, over the environment."
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Human Development in Education, 2004.
A look at the significance of human development in the classroom and the need for teachers to have a better understanding of human development.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the role that human development plays in the classroom. The paper explains that some classroom problems might result from a teacher's lack of understanding of human development and then discusses teacher behaviors that would promote students' thnking abilities. The paper also discusses behaviors that help students achieve greater success as well as behaviors that would promote the social and emotional well-being of the individual student and improve the classroom environment for children.
From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to explore human development in education by analyzing its importance to the classroom and problems that can occur when teachers' fail to understand human development in their classes. The paper also discusses teacher behaviors that promote students' thinking abilities and behaviors, helping them to achieve optimal academic success as well as promote their social and emotional well-being. The final section of the paper examines diversity and equity focusing on those classroom practices and materials that promote diversity and..."
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The Human Development Index (HDI), 2005.
This paper discusses the Human Development Index (HDI), which was first calculated in 1990 by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) as an indicator of human development in both industrial and lesser developed nations.
2,645 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Human Development Index (HDI) presumes that in a hypothetical ideal situation everyone would have the opportunity to make choices about the essential issues in their lives. The author points out that HDI is a helpful calculation method because it uses specific indicators of a nation's various developmental factors to create a more generalized index, thus simplifying a very complex reality. The paper relates finding of the application of the HDI such as investment in human capabilities is a never-ending process and it is not obvious that the payoff, in monetary terms at least, is greater when levels of development are low. Chart.
From the Paper
"This ideal state is assigned a value of one and the various countries' levels are calculated accordingly on a zero to one scale. This emphasis on empowerment is important to this thesis since it addresses the question of independence versus dependence. For example, in an ideal case everyone in the world would have the opportunity to use the Internet, because they would have the adequate educational background, pleasant environment without major factors threatening their lives and living conditions, and the economic resources to take advantage of network services. HDI indicates the distance countries have to travel to reach such equal and independent possibilities in reality."
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Government, Human Development and Democracy, 2008.
This extensive paper is a research study asking if a democratic systems of governance remain the most ideal form of government to effectively achieve a state's developmental aims.
7,165 words (approx. 28.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 232.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates the connection between the types or forms of government and their performance in terms of the human development index (HDI), which is a more reliable measurement of development as a referent of its effect and contribution to the human person. The author argues that democratic forms of government are better able to provide for the advancement of human development because they allow for more meaningful public participation. The paper indicates that more than 60% of all dominant-assembly-oriented types (mostly referred to as parliamentary systems of government) and 20% of accountable-executive-oriented (mostly referred to as presidential systems) fall within categories regarded as "high human development" and roughly 24 percent of the former and 57% of the latter countries are within the "medium human development" category.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Related Literature
Structures of Government
Table. Riggs's Classification of Polity's (Political Systems)
Democracy and Development
Human Development
Classification of Forms of Government
Table. Classification of Forms of Government Used in the Paper
Human Development Index and Forms of Government
Table. High Human Development
Table. Medium Human Development
Table. Low Human Development
Distribution of Each Governmental Type across HD Levels
Table. Distribution of Each Type of Governmental Form across HD Levels
Table. HDI by Designated Regions and Clusters
Conclusion: Democracy for Human Development
From the Paper
"There are governments as well, which may have plurality in terms of decision-making but it is dispersed among a few like-minded individuals advancing a common cause and not allowing for existence of competing groups or parties. This characterizes the third type of governmental system which still greatly persists in the present era--the ruling-party oriented type (Type 3). Theocratic governments are sub-classified under this since theocratic governments whether multi-party or not, allow a rather very little room for ideological dissent and since their main goals are to conservatively advance a particular religion and way of life and sometimes at the expense of political rights and civil liberties."
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Assumptions of Human Development and Learning, 2006.
A comparison of cognitive theories and a discussion of assumptions, propositions and applications of human development and learning, particularly affecting childhood educators.
1,472 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes cognitive theories, assumptions, propositions and applications of human development and learning. It looks at some of the many ways in which cognitive development can be learned. It then focuses on three assumptions about children and human nature which might be problematic for educators, specifically early childhood educators.
Table of Contents:
Major Assumptions and Propositions
Comparison of Cognitive Theories: Bruner and Vygotsky
Constructivism and the Classroom
From the Paper
"In the 80s and 90s, a form of information processing theory called connectionism was formulated to describe and predict non-linear thinking. Otherwise known as parallel distributed processing, this theory describes the mind as a large, multiple networks of associations. Each network responds to new experience by becoming either stronger or weaker, and each operating independently of and in parallel with the others (Siefert, 2002). After each experience, relevant networks adapt to better a child's future performance.Balancing a cup of juice, for example, stimulates various sensory associations within a child's hand, arm, and body. Some of these become stronger and others weaker as experience with cups of juice accumulate, but the eventual result an ability to balance a cup (Siefert, 2002). The assumptions supporting connectionism are more compatible with the realities of classroom life. It is noted that learning by children takes place because synchronized learning of separate networks that integrate."
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Trade and Human Development, 2007.
This paper examines a human development approach to trade policy.
961 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the benefits of a human development approach to trade policy, but also notes that unrestricted trade can have significant negative components for workers in both developed and especially developing countries. The paper discusses how a gender analysis can be incorporated into a broader human development approach. The paper explains that an awareness of the role of gender in the process of developing trade policies is not simply a matter of equity or justice, but also of critical importance to economic development.
From the Paper
"A human development to economic growth and trade policy is a relatively new economic model that is the endpoint of a long tradition of human-centred economics. This approach centers people and people's needs at the core of the economic processes; as their subject and not their object. While this understanding of economics is relatively new in many respects - with the first United Nations Human Development Report being published in 1990 - the basic features of this approach have been concerns of preeminent economic thinkers such as Smith, Mill, Marx and Malthus for generations (UNDP 2003, 22-23)."
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Race and Human Development, 2002.
Examines the question of race and its role in human intelligence and development.
2,485 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 110.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the issue of race and its effect on human intelligence and development. It presents the position of Jared Diamond, the author of " Guns, Germs, And Steel: The Fates of Human Societies" who argues against the notion that race plays a role in human development and intelligence and then presents the position stated in "The Bell Curve". This book, by Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray, assumes an exact opposite position and asserts that whites are inherently more intelligent than blacks and that intelligence is genetically inherited and basically fixed.
From the Paper
"So does race play a part in intelligence and human development? Diamond feels that the answer to that question is absolutely not. His theory is that history followed different paths for different races not because of biological factors, but due to social environments. Many historians and scientists feel that Diamond?s explanation is wrong and over simplifies the real issues of race, human development and intelligence. But Diamond feels that many historians and scientists, by seeming to be objective and impartial, legitimized racial theories in the eyes of many Americans who were otherwise prone to believe in the equality of all human beings."
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Human Development, 2002.
A comparison of two literary works to describe what it means to be human and the processes of human development.
760 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses "2001:A Space Odyssey" by Arthur C. Clarke and "Lost Horizon" by James Hilton. The writer explains that while the genre of these two books are different, each author works a similar idea - human development - from different points of view.
From the Paper
"In the larger sense, though, the main character is not any individual at all but Mankind, and the novel is the story of human beings from the time of their origin as human beings to the next step in the evolutionary cycle leading past homo sapiens to whatever designation would be given to the superior beings to come. Everything in the story centers on the development of the human race for a higher purpose, and this development is guided by unknown and unidentified extraterrestrials, never seen but implied and symbolized by the monolith appearing first among the prehumans of the African plain, then on the moon, and finally floating in space and serving as the stargate through which Frank Bowman passes on his epic journey, leading to the appearance of the Starchild: "With eyes that already held more than human intentness, the baby stared into the depths of the crystal monolith, seeing--but not yet understanding--the mysteries that lay beyond" (Clarke 233). The people of Shangri-La also seem to represent an advance in evolution, for they have attained great longevity and live more contented lives, as Chang explains when he tells Conway that "the process of retarding age would begin, and if successful, might give Conway half a century or so at the apparent age of forty" (Hilton 182)."
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Human Resource Development at 3m, 1996.
Examines the human resources problems at Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing (3M). Details 3M's Human Resource Development (HRD) program, which focuses on training, education, & development.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 57.95
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From the Paper
"The 3M Company has made a number of changes in the way it structures its human resources in order to provide greater empowerment to the employees as a way of improving productivity and reducing turnover. The elements of Human Resources Development are being utilized by the company to improve its overall performance. Human resource development (HRD) has three important components--training, education, and development. When the three are properly coordinated, HRD has a positive effect on worker productivity and so on the productivity of the company. Training improves the performance of workers and so increases their motivation, and as they work harder and produce more, the company profits.
HRD is also dedicated to seeing to it that skills do not become obsolete. Employees may have their skills upgraded through added training and education, and this benefits them in terms of ..."
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Human Resources Development, 2007.
An analysis of the changing responsibilities of the human resources development department.
1,241 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the role of the human resources development department in organizations. It discusses how this role has changed over time, from passively conducting trainings, tests and needs analyses to actively being knowledgeable about labor and corporate laws. The paper concludes with the advantages of the new responsibilities of human resources to the running of the company.
From the Paper
"DS 128 (HRD) has shattered pre-conceived notions of the course Human Resources Development as a corporate tool to bridge the gap between management and its employees and workers. It has remolded the role of Human Resources from passively conducting trainings, tests and needs analyses to actively being knowledgeable about labor and corporate laws in order to foster good working relationships between the executives and the and rank and file. It should know the dynamics of different kinds of employees so as to be able to craft a balanced employee policy based on mutual respect, merit and productivity."
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Human Development, 2002.
The paper introduces the human development in the field of psychology known as development psychology.
1,640 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 78.95
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Abstract
The paper introduces the concept of development psychology and shows how it is divided into two types: cognitive development and emotional development. The paper studies the history of this field of psychology, including the theories of Charles Darwin, Jean Piaget, and Arnold Gesell. The paper also looks at each of the four stages of a life span - infancy, childhood, adolescence. and adulthood - with the cognitive and social development of each described.
From the Paper
"Childhood cognitive development occurs through two stages: the preoperational and the concrete operational.
"The preoperational period occurs between ages two and seven. The preoperational period is defined more by what the child cannot do, than what they can. In this period they lack the ability to think logically, they assume their experience is the same as everyone else's, they are unable to rearrange their thoughts and they mix up cause and effect."
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